2019-2020年高考英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars要点梳理+重点突破教案 新人教版必修3.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars要点梳理+重点突破教案 新人教版必修3要 点 梳 理高效梳理知识备考重点单词1astronomy n天文学astronomer n天文学家2system n系统；体系；制度3theory n学说；理论theoretical adj.理论上的4globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的5violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地6atmosphere n大气层；气氛7unlike prep.不同；不像dislike vt.不喜欢8presence n出席；到场；存在present adj. & n. & v在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9harmful adj.有害的；伤害的harm n危害，害处harmless adj.无害的10exist vi.存在，生存existence n存在，生存11puzzle n谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的12gravity n万有引力；重力13satellite n卫星；人造卫星14climate n气候15spaceship n宇宙飞船16pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n漂浮物18mass n质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众重点短语1in time及时；终于2lay eggs 下蛋3give birth to 产生；分娩4in ones turn 轮到某人；接着5prevent.from 阻止；制止6block out 挡住(光线)7cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋8now that 既然9break out 突发；爆发10watch out 密切注视；当心；提防11cool down 冷却12as well as 也；还有13depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于14get close to 靠近重点句型1This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。2But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。3.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。高考范文(xx陕西卷)假定你是李华。在一个英文网络论坛上，你看到一个名叫Grownup的中学生发帖(post)寻求帮助，请根据帖子内容、写作要点和要求回贴。GrownupPost at 185xx 20：08Hi, everyone，Im 17 years old and I am going to university this autumn. But my mother continues to treat me as a sevenyearold. What should I do?TOPLast TopicNext TopicREPLYNEW写作要点：1告诉Grownup要理解母亲；2给Grownup提出解决问题的具体建议。要求： 1.短文需写在答题卡的指定区域。 2.短文词数不少于80(不含已写好的部分)。 3.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。 4.书写须清晰、工整。Hi, Grownup，As a student of your age, I understand your situation._范文Hi，Grownup，As a student of your age, I understand your situation. The problem you are facing is mon among our teenagers. However, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings. Here are a few suggestions.First, its advisable to talk more with your mom. I learnt talks help you understand each other better. They are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things.Second, you should learn to do your own things well, proving to your mom that you are already a “grownup”， Its even better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking.考 点 探 究互动探究能力备考.词汇短语过关1harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n&vt. 损伤；伤害harmless adj. 无害的harmlessness n. 无害be harmful to 对有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(无)害处。It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处。mean no harm 没有恶意即学即练1(1)Fruit juice can _ _ _ childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(2)What he did _ his reputation.他所做的损害了他的名声。beharmfultoharmed(3)He may look fierce, but he _ _ _.他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。(4)The court case will _ _ _ _ my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。meansnoharmdo seriousharmto2exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活existent adj. 存在的，现存的existence n. 存在，生存There exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生exist by 靠生存e into existence 开始存在；成立bring into existence 使发生，产生即学即练2(1)_ always _ a force of attraction between two bodies. 两物体间总是存在着吸引力。(2)They _ _ very little food.他们靠极少的食物来生存。(3)That word doesnt _ in English. 英语中没有这个词。Thereexistsexistonexist(4)Fish cant _ _ _ _. 鱼离开水就不能生存。(5)When did the world _ _ _？世界是什么时候开始产生的？exist outofwatereintoexistence3puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂n. 难题；谜puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案；开动脑筋be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑即学即练3(1)Its quite _ _ _ us why he did that.他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。(2)This sentence _ me. 这个句子令我困惑。(3)I _ _ how to solve the problem.我不知道怎样解决这个问题。(4)The question is _ to me. 这个问题令我困惑。 apuzzletopuzzleswaspuzzledpuzzling4in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来by turns轮流；交替take ones turn轮到某人做了take turns依次；轮班，轮流on the turn正在转变，正在变化out of turn不合时宜地，鲁莽地即学即练4(1)The girls called out their names _ _.那些女孩儿逐一报出了自己的名字。(2)We make every effort to make more films, and _ _ this creates further environmental pollution.我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。inturninturn(3)We kept watch _ _.We _ _ to keep watch.我们轮流守望。byturnstookturns5prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保护某人不受侵袭，挡住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事即学即练5(1)What can we do to _ this disease _ _？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？(2)Dont _ others _ for long.不要让别人等太久。 prevent/stop/keepfromspreadingkeepwaiting提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我们无法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。6cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋cheer on 为加油cheer sb. 为某人喝彩with good cheer 欣然地Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)即学即练6(1)_ _！ The news isnt too bad.振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。(2)Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd _.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。(3)The crowd _ their favourite horse _.观众都替他们看好的马加油。 Cheerupcheeredcheeredon7break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.“二战”是1939年9月爆发的。A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)break into 破门而入，突然起来break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束break through 突破break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束break into pieces 成为碎片即学即练7介、副词填空(1)She started to speak, then broke _ while a waitress served us with coffee.(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke _.(3)Her health broke _ under the pressure of work.offupdown(4)Should another world war break _， what would bee of human beings?(5)Firemen had to break the door _ to reach the people trapped inside.(6)The meeting broke _ at eleven oclock.outdownup8watch out 注意；当心watch out(for) look out (for)密切注意；留神take care 留神，注意be careful 仔细，留神watch it 当心，小心watch over 照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视即学即练8(1)_ _！ There is a car ing!当心！有车来了！(2)_ _ _ cars while crossing the road.过马路时要当心车辆。(3)_ _ not to catch a cold._ _ not to catch a cold. 当心别着凉。WatchoutWatchoutforBecarefulTakecare.重点句型详解1This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。本句中 it做形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语 for life to develop。it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。He thinks it his duty to help others.他认为帮助别人是他的职责。He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。We consider it no use going to the seaside.我们认为去海边没用处。We all consider it a pity that you didnt e to the party.我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾。I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。You may depend on it that were honest.你可以相信我们是诚实的。拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。(1)Itsadj.for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是的。(2)Itsadj.of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(3)Its/was/.who/that.是某人/某物做(4)It is/was the序数词timethat.主语have/had done.这是某人第次做(5)It is (high) time that.主语did/should do.是该做的时候了。(6)Its said/reported/believed/announced that.据说/据报道/据猜测/据称(7)Its a pity/a shame/a wonder.that.可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是(8)It happens/appears/seems that. 恰巧/看来/好像(9)It looks/seems as if. 看起来好像(10)Its up to sb. to do. 该某人做了即境活用1(1)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.AthisBthatCit Dthese解析：it做形式宾语，真正宾语为 when and where从句。答案：C(2)Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the puter.Athat BitCthis Dyou解析：it做形式宾语，代替 if从句。答案：B2But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍数的表达方式有：(1)“A倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。(2)“A倍数as形容词或副词的原级asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A倍数the size/height/length/width, etc.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(4)“A倍数what从句”，表示“A是的多少倍”。Asia is four times as large as Europe.The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.Asia is four times the size of Europe.Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍)。Our total ine of 1994 was double that of 1992.我们1994年的总收入是1992年的两倍。The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。即境活用2(1)Though its a challenging job, he did it _ it took me.Aonethird a time Bonethird timeCthe onethird time Donethird the time解析：考查倍数比较的句型，即“倍数then.”结构。答案：D(2)What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _ it is long.Ahalf not as wide as Bwide not as half asCnot half as wide as Das wide as not half解析：考查倍数比较 halfas.as。答案：C3.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习(1)句中 does need是一种强调句式。在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，译为“真的”“的确”“确实”等。You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真的很漂亮。Jack said he would e and he did e.杰克说他要来，他果真来了。在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的 do可译为“千万，务必”等。Please do sit down. 务必请坐下。Do be careful next time. 下次千万要小心。(2)now that 在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为“既然，由于”，that 可省略。Now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest. 既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。辨析：now that/because/since/as/fornow that 说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然”。because 语气最强，回答的是用 why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since与 as语气较 because 弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。since 侧重主句，as主从并重，语气比 since 弱。for是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。Why did you do this? 你为什么这么做？Because it is good for you. 因为这对你有好处。Since you have known it, I wont repeat it.既然你已经知道了，我就不重复了。Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.穿上结实的鞋子，因为我们要走不少路。It rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚下雨了，因为地面是湿的。即境活用3(1)In my opinion, what Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng _ good to our countrys international positions.Adid do does Bdid does doCdoes did do Ddo do did解析：第一个 did是 what主语从句中的谓语动词；第二个 does强调谓语 do good to，故选B。答案：B易 错 点 拨自我完善误区备考1. unlike/dislike/alike/likely(1)unlike prep.不同；不像(2)dislike vt. 不喜欢(3)alike adj. 相似的，同样的(4)likely adj. 很可能发生的，有希望的解析：now that 引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为：既然。答案：D应用1用 unlike, dislike, alike, likely的适当形式填空：(1)The twins look very much _.(2)_ his brother, he _ playing football.(3)We all think he is _ to win.alikeUnlikedislikeslikely2. pull/drag/draw(1)pull是普通用语，指一时或突然用力拉，与push相对。有时可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。(2)drag是指“拖”“拉”着笨重的物体擦着地面，缓慢而费力地拖、拉动作。(3)draw是指“拖”“拉”的物体向自己所在的方向移动，而且拖、拉的动作是从容的、不太费劲的。应用2(1)She _a truck out from under the bed.(2)_ the door open. Dont push it.(3)_ your chair up to the table.(4)The ants are _ pieces of corn.draggedPullDrawpulling3. in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no timein time及时；总有一天；终于on time按时at one time曾经，一度at a time一次，同时at times有时at no time决不，在任何时候都不in no time立刻，马上应用3(1)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear _.(2)_ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off.(3)They ran all the way to the corner just _ to catch the bus.in no timeAt one timein time(4)My honey, life is very difficult and cruel _. Wipe your tears.(5)Deal with your questions separately, one _.(6)Be sure to be _. The meeting is very important.(7)_ will we give up. at timesat a timeon timeAt no time高 效 作 业自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1He was interested in a_ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.2Not long ago a v_ earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.3puter hackers have broken down security s_，raising questions about the safety of information.4Too much sugar can be h_ to childrens teeth.astronomyviolentsystemsharmful5The threestar hotel offers a friendly a_ and personal service.6China has sent up another _ (人造卫星) into space.7There is a lot of rubbish _(漂浮) on the surface of the river.8_ (理论) is based on practice.9The_ (气候) is different from place to place.10. 6 _ (乘) by 5 is 30.atmospheresatellitefloatingTheoryclimatemultiplied .单项选择1Im thinking of the test tomorrow. Im afraid I cant pass this time._！ Im sure youll make it.AGo aheadBGood luckCNo problem DCheer up答案：D解析：考查交际用语。cheer up 用于鼓励别人：振奋起来，别灰心。2(xx湖北百校联考)With the words, he _ a wide mouth jar from his pocket and set it on the table in front of him.Apulled out Bchecked outCstuck out Ddropped out答案：A解析：考查动词短语。语意表示他从口袋里拿出一个广口瓶，用pull out表示“抽，从中抽出来”。check out“结帐离去，办妥手续离去”；stick out“坚持，突出，伸出”；drop out“退出，退学”。3As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.Athis BthatCone Dit解析：考查 it做形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式短语 to look after.。答案：D4pletely lost in the exciting _ of the football match, Tom didnt feel his pocket picked.Ascene BviewCatmosphere Dsight答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。atmosphere 在此指“气氛；氛围”。5Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.Aexploded BexposedCexplored Dexpanded答案：C解析：句意为：许多欧洲人在19世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。explode爆炸；expose暴露，显示；explore探索；expand扩大。6Its _ for the Shenzhou spaceship that every Chinese feels cheerful and proud.Aso a successful flightBso successful a flightCsuch successful a flightDa such successful flight答案：B解析：考查such.that和so.that句型。句意为：对于“神七”来说，这是一次极为成功的飞行，以至于每个中国人都为之高兴和自豪。“soadj.a可数名词单数”或“suchaadj.可数名词单数”。7He has _ letters to answer and has to work from morning to night.Amuch Ba great deal ofCmasses of Dthe number of答案：C解析：考查修饰名词表“大量”的词的辨析。masses of相当于plenty of，意为“许多；大量”。A、B两项用于修饰不可数名词；the number of意为“的数目”，与题意不符。8(xx陕西西安质检)We were scared to death when the fire _. Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.Abroke out Bcame outCgave out Dturned out答案：A解析：考查动词短语辨析。break out表示“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然发生”；e out表示“出发，发芽”；give out表示“分发，用完”；turn out表示“结果是，生产”。语意：突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。A项符合语意。9At the _ news, there was a _ expression on his face.Apuzzled; puzzling Bpuzzling; puzzleCpuzzling; puzzled Dpuzzled; puzzle答案：C解析：第一空用 puzzling “令人迷惑的”修饰 news；第二空指“迷惑的表情”用 puzzled。10Do you think _ life on Mars?Ait exists Bthere existsCit is existed Dthere is existed答案：B解析：考查There exists .句式，意为“某地存在某物”。exist v. 存在。11All possible means _. However, nothing can _ him dying of lung cancer.Ahas tried; stopBhave tried; keepChas been tried; preventDhave been tried; stop答案：D解析：第一空主语 means 是单复数同形的名词，有 all修饰，谓语用复数，且为被动语态；第二空 stop和 prevent 都对，但 keep.from中 from不能省略。12_， I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on working hard, and youll succeed_.”AAt a time; in time BAt a time; on timeCAt one time; in time DAt one time; on time答案：C解析：第一空填 at one time “曾经有一段时间”，第二空填 in time “迟早”。at a time “一次”；on time “按时”。13(xx北京东城期末)Water, which seems so simple and mon, is _ makes life possible.Awhat BthatCwhich Dhow答案：A解析：考查表语从句。名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“_ makes life possible”中缺少“主语”，同时“主语”不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who或者whom)。所以选A项。14_youve passed the final exam, you can prepare for the ing holiday.ANow that BAs soon asCAlthough DIf答案：A解析：考查状语从句。now that 可引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。15Some parts in South China have experienced _this year as they did last year.Atwice as much rain Brain twice as muchCas twice much rain Dtwice rain as much答案：A解析：考查倍数比较 twice as much .as。 .阅读理解 AVincent Van Gogh (30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch postImpressionist artist. He was considered one of the greatest artists with great influence on 20th century art.Van Gogh spent his early adult life working for a firm of art dealers. After a brief period as a teacher, he became a missionary(传教士) worker in a very poor mining region. He did not begin his career as an artist until 1880; however during the last ten years of his life, he produced more than 2 000 pieces, including around 900 paintings and 1 100 drawings and sketches(素描). He worked only with sombre(昏暗的) colours until he met Impressionism and neoImpressionism in Paris. Van Gogh incorporated(合并) their brighter colours and style of painting into a uniquely recognizable style. Most of his bestknown works were produced during his final two years, when he was suffering from serious mental illness.In 1890, at the age of 37, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest. He died two days later, with Theo, his brother and his best friend, at his side, who reported his last words as “The sadness will last forever”. Theo, unable to e to terms with his brothers death died 6 months later and was buried next to him. It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher.Vincent Van Goghs mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincents life and even after his death. But she would live long enough to see her son bee a world famous painter.The only painting he sold during his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, was created in 1888. It is now on display in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, Russia. Several paintings by Van Gogh rank among the most expensive paintings in the world. On March 30, 1987 Van Goghs painting Irises was sold for a record $53.9 million at Southebys, New York. On May 15, 1990 his Portrait of Doctor Gachet was sold for $82.5 million at Christies, thus establishing a new price record.1Whats the right order of Van Goghs life experience?aworked as a teacherbtook up drawingcworked in an art firmdworked as a missionary workerAc, a, b, d Bc, a, d, bCb, c, a, d Db, a, c, d答案及解析：1B。细节题。由第三段可知B项正确叙述了梵高的人生经历。2Which words can best describe Van Goghs later years?ASad and boring.BNormal and peaceful.CHappy but fruitless.DPainful but productive.答案解析:D。推断题。根据文章可知，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病(serious mental illness)，而他的大部分著名作品创造于生命的最后两年，由此可以判断他的晚年是“痛苦而又多产的”。3Why did Van Gogh kill himself?ABecause he was a failure as an artist.BBecause he had an unhappy family.