2019-2020年高二英语Unit11 Scientific achievement.doc

2019-2020年高二英语Unit11 Scientific achievement学习目标导航 XUE XI MU BIAO DAO HANG 学习提示 话题1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.2.Write a persuasion essay.1.重点掌握与中心话题“科学成就”有关的语言知识和技能。2.学会写说明文。功能1.If I got the money, I would I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to I hope that; My plan is to2.I d like toI m thinking of练习表示intentions（意图）和wishes（愿望）的常用句型，熟练掌握其用法。词汇likely, overseas, grasp, master, arrange, rely, failure, achieve, announce, locate1.掌握本单元单词的常见用法，注意其构成。2.重点掌握并能熟练运用所列词组的用法。set foot, rely on, put forward, e to life语法Word Formation (abbreviation) ：ad (advertisement) 广告CSA (Chinese Space Agency) 中国航天局IT (information technology) 信息技术NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 北大西洋公约组织1.了解英语中最常用的派生法、复合法和转换法三种构词方法。2.重点掌握下列四种缩略构词法：截断词，首字母连写词，首字母拼音词和拼缀词。单元要点Word study1.engineering 2.solar 3.significant 4.mankind 5.constitution 6.zone 7.private 8.grasp 9.master 10.perfect 11.arrange 12.rely 13.failure 14.locate 15.valley 16.brand 17.luggage 18.achieve 19.organ 20.boom 21.breakthrough 22.agency 23.announce 24.evolution 25.superputer 26.likely1.工程；工程学 2.太阳的；日光的 3.意义重大的 4.人类 5.宪法 6.区域；地带 7.私人的；非公开的 8.抓住；理解 9.硕士；主人 10.完美的；理想的 11.安排；整理；布置 12.依靠；指望 13.失败；失败的人 14.把设置在；使坐落于；指出的位置 15.山谷 16.商标；牌子 17.行李 18.大道；实现；完成19.器官；机关；风琴 20.繁荣期；迅速发展期 21.重大突破 22.代理（机构） 23.宣布；宣告 24.发展；展开 25.超级计算机 26.可能的；预期的 Useful expressions1.genetic engineering 2.the theory of gravity 3.nuclear science 4.solar energy 5.great scientific achievements 6.have something in mon 7.the first person to travel in time 8.a cure for AIDS 9.a manned space ship 10.start a pany 11.spend time doing sth. 12.in store 13.it is likely that 14.more than 15.set up 16.in the late 1990s 17.the Chinese Academy of sciences 18.within the next ten years 19.a growing number of1.基因工程 2.万有引力理论 3.核科学 4.太阳能 5.伟大的科学成就6.有共同之处 7.时间旅行第一人 8.艾滋病治疗方法 9.载人飞船 10.开办一家公司 11.花时间做某事12.存储 13.很有可能 14.不仅仅，多于 15.建立 16.在20世纪90年代末 17.中科院 18.在接下来的十年里 19.不停增加数量的Useful expressions20.make it possible for sb.to do sth.21.follow ones dreams 22.top scientists 23.masters degree 24.a dream e true 25.set foot in 26.run a small pany 27.have a positive effect on 28.rely on 29.build the future 30.deal with 31.learn from 32.be excited about 33.be located in 34.contribute to 35.in the near future 36.be filled with 37.enjoy a boom 38.put forward a plan 39.make many breakthroughs 40.sth.be used to do 41.manned space flight 42.allow sb.to do sth.43.human genetic project 44.for the first time ever 45.the deadly disease20.使某人做某事成为可能 寻某人的梦想 22.顶级科学家 21.追23.硕士学位 24.一个梦想实现 25.涉足于 26.开办一家小公司 27.对于有积极影响 28.依靠于 29.创造未来 30.处理 31.向学习 32.对于很兴奋 33.位于 34.作贡献于 35.在不久的将来 36.充满 37.经历迅速发展期 38.提出一个计划 39.取得许多突破 40.某物被用来做41.载人太空飞行 42.允许某人做某事 43.人类基因组计划 44.第一次 45.致命的疾病Sentencepatterns &municativeEnglish1.If I got the money,I would 2.My plan is to 3.I hope that 4.I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to 5.Id like to 6.Im thinking of GrammarWord-formation:1.prefix and suffix2pounds构词法:1.前缀，后缀2.合成词Topics &Writing1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.2.Practise expressing intensions and wishes.3.Learn about Word-formation.4.Write a persuasion essay.Language points.1constitution 1) 宪法the Constitution of the United States / the American Constitution2) 体格，体质He has a weak constitution3) 构造，构成the constitution of starch (淀粉的构成)2achievement (U)取得，完成（C）成就，成绩（V）achieve development government movement equipment vt 完成 达到（目的），得到1）By hard working we can achieve anything.2）We have achieved success in developing the product.3Mankind 人类 manmade (adj) Manly 有男子气概的；刚强的4in store(for sb./sth.):ing in the future;about to happene.g.There is a surprise in store for you.I can see trouble in store.5Likely 1) be likely to do sth 很可能（发生某种情况）Our team is likely to win the game.2) it is likely that + 从句It is likely that well go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.辨析：likely, possible与probableLikely 常用词，指“从表面现象看很有可能”Possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到”，强调“客观上有可能”，但“实际希望很小”。Probable 语气比possible 强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有大概，很可能的意思”Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible与probable之后通常不跟不定式；Likely 的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。6set up 1) 建立，成立 Set up home Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.2) 树立起来Lets set up the tent first.3) 使（自己或他人）从事某职业（as）He has set himself up as a bookseller. 他开始经营书籍。set about doing sth 着手做 set out to do sth Set an exampleset fire to 点火；放火Set off 出发，动身Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；访问set foot in/on sth.: enter or visit(a place);arrivee.g. Dont ever set foot in this house again!Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.7Private adj 私人的；私立的；不公开的Private property Private schoola private door 便门in private 在私下，秘密地in public 公开地8grasp vt 1) 抓住 grasp sb by the arm2) (= understand ) 掌握， 领会 Grasp sbs meaning 3) n (常用单数)紧握；把握；理解；理解力Beyond sbs grasp 力量达不到 Grasp all, lose all. 样样都要，全数失掉。 Within sbs grasp 力量达得到9Master n 硕士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大师Mistress n 女主人 Masterless adj 无主的Mastermind n 非常聪明的人 Masterkey n 万能钥匙Masterpiece(masterwork) n 杰作 The master of the house 家长Master and man雇主与雇工 A master in literature 文学大师Master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士 Master of Science (MS) 理学硕士Bachelor 学士 doctor 博士vt 掌握；精通；控制；统治Master a foreign languageMan can master nature.10. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；绝对的；完全的；（动词的）完成的His reading is perfect.He is a perfect stranger to us.The perfect tense vt 使完美They worked hard to perfect their dance.Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧Be perfect in English 精通英语11arrange vt 安排，筹划；整理，布置1）We have arranged a party.2）He arranged the books on the shelf. n arrangement (C pl) 安排；准备工作 （U，C）整理；排列；布置12. have an effect on 对产生影响 Take effect 开始生效；开始实行 In effect = in fact 实际上13. rely on / upon : depend on依赖，依靠；信赖，信任 We should rely on our own efforts. 我们应该自力更生。 You may rely on it that she wont be late.你可以放心，她不会迟到的。14make it clear （that）表明，讲清楚e.g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.She made clear her objections.15Failure (v fail) 失败(U)，失败的人或事（C）Failure is the mother of success.He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.他不是一个成功的艺术家，但是个成功的美术老师。16e to life: back to normal state, esp. of mind苏醒过来，恢复生气，活跃起来After three hours saving, the injured man came to life.When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids came back to life at once.17. mark n 痕迹；符号；商标；分数；特征 an ink mark a question mark full marks make a mark 作标记vt 做标记；留痕迹于；表明；批分数，评成绩 a dirt road marked with footprints 留有脚印的泥路be marked with 标着；(人、动物等身上)具有Her face is marked with sadness. 她面露悲哀。mark examination papers.18. outstanding 1) 杰出的，突出的 （ stand out ）一名杰出的学生 an outstanding student2) 未完结的；未清的；未付的 Outstanding debts 未付清的欠款19Breakthrough n 重大突破，突围；突破性的发现，成就A military breakthrough 军事突破A scientific breakthrough 科学成就20enable en-使+able能的enrich enlarge strengthen strength(力量)+ en (使) vt 加强，增强 vi 变强they strengthened the city wall.the wind strengthened.deep-deepen SharpsharpenWide-widen21. organ n 器官；风琴；机构，机关 The eyes are the organ of sight. state organs a government organ adj organic 有机物的；有机体的 n organism (C)生物，有机体，有机组织 vt organize 组织 N organization 团体，机构，组织22. put forward 提出（建议、意见）；推荐，提名 He put forward a better plan. We put her forward as chairman of the mittee.23. aim (sth) at sth/doing sth (把)瞄准；目的在于；企图 He aimed his gun at the target. Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight.知识点讲解1 You and your team are working on a cure for Aids. 你和你的队员正在从事艾滋病的治疗工作。（1）work on “从事于（某项工作）”；“设法说服” eg:They worked on the old car late into the night. 他们修这辆旧汽车一直修到深夜。What are you doing? We are working on some wood-cuts. 你们在干什么呀？我们正在创作一些木刻。Can you work on him to change his mind?你能说服他改变主意吗？（2）work at “学习，研究，致力于” eg:They have worked at this subject for many years. 他们研究这门科学好多年了。（3）work out 做出；算出；设计出 eg:This problem will not work out. 这道题算不出来。They have worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to Mars. 他们已经设计出一种向火星发射宇宙飞船的方法。2extremely adv. to a very high degree 极端地；极度地 eg:It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task. 这是一项极度困难和危险的工作。extreme adj. reaching the highest degree 极度的 eg:extreme patience/kindness 极度的耐心/仁慈 in extreme pain 在极度痛苦中3 cure (1)n. C curing or being cured 治疗；治愈。 eg:His cure took six months. 他的病花了六个月治疗。Csubstance or treatment which cures 治疗的药物；治疗法 eg:Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今对癌症有治疗方法吗？（2）vt. & vi. bring sb. back to health; get rid of ones illness/habits eg:This medicine will cure your headache. 这药可以治好你的头痛。A few days rest will cure you. 休息几天你就痊愈了。（词组） cure sb. of ones illness or bad habits 治愈疾病，改掉坏习惯 eg:Moving to the country cured her of asthma. 搬到乡下她的哮喘病就好了。He was cured of his habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸烟的坏习惯。4 You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. 你正在从事向火星发射载人宇宙飞船的工作。（1）manned adj. (of machines esp. in space) having men on board （飞船等）载人的 eg:the development of manned from unmanned space craft从无人向载人飞船的发展（2）man-made adj. produced by the work of men; not found in nature 人造的 eg:The lake is a man-made one. 这是个人工湖。We have sent up many man-made satellites. 我们发射了多少颗人造卫星。生词和词组1likely adj. (1) that is expected 很可能发生的；有希望的 eg:Is he likely to win? 他有可能获胜吗？The most likely result is a draw. 最可能的结果是不分胜负。(2)that seems reasonable, suitable or right for a purpose 似乎合理的 eg:Thats a likely excuse. 那似乎是个合理的借口。(3)be likely to do 很可能会Its likely that 可能会（有，发生） eg:He is not likely to succeed. 他大概不会成功。It is likely that he will be late. =He is likely to be late. 他可能会迟到。2 grasp vt. , vi. & n. (1)v. seize firmly with hand(s) or arm(s) 抓住；抱住；紧握 eg:The boy grasped his mothers hand firmly. 那个小男孩紧握住妈妈的手。He grasped the rope and pulled it. 他抓紧绳子用力拉。understand with the mind 领悟；理解 eg:I couldnt grasp the teachers meaning. 我没领悟老师的意思。(2)n. firm hold or grip; power of grasping 紧握；抓紧；领悟力 eg:He doesnt have a thorough grasp of the problem. 他没有彻底理解这个问题。(3)短语：beyond/within a persons grasp 为某人所不能/能抓到的；为某人所不能/能理解的。3 master vt. , vi & n. (1) vt. bee the master of; overe 成为的主人；征服；控制eg: master ones temper/feelings 控制脾气/感情Its difficult to master nature. 征服大自然是困难的。gain as a skill 精通；熟练 eg:master English 精通英语 master foreign affairs 精通外交事务He never mastered the art of the public speaking. 他从未掌握当众演讲的艺术。(2)n. man who has others working for him 主人，雇主male head of a household 家里的男主人captain of a merchant ship 商船的船长male teacher 男教师 eg:the master of the house 一家之长the maths master 数学教师 a masters degree 硕士学位4arrange vt. & vi. (1)put in order 安排；排列；布置 eg:She is good at arranging flowers. 她擅长插花。Before going away, he arranged his business affairs. 他离开之前，他把业务都安排好了。(2)make plans in advance 预做计划 eg:The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome. 旅游局为我们去罗马的旅行准备了一切。(3)arrange+ n. +for +n. 为安排 eg:Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist. 母亲替我向牙医预约挂号。(4)arrange sb. to do 安排某人做 eg:I have arranged him to meet her. 我安排他和她见面。(5)arrange with sb. to do 约定与某人做 eg:We arranged with his team to play a game of baseball. 我们约好和他们队打一场棒球。(6)arrange that 商定，安排。 eg:He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. = He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week. 他安排把会议延后一周召开。5 failure n. (1)U failing; lack of success 失败；不成功 eg:Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。(2)C instance of failing; person, attempt or thing that fails 失败的事例；失败的人，企图或失败的事物 eg:He was a failure as a teacher. 他不是个好老师。Success came after many failures. 失败多次之后终于成功。6 locate vt. & vi. (1)discover, show the locality of 找出的位置，指出的位置 eg:locate a town on a map 在地图上找出一城市的位置(2)establish in a place 在一地点设置 eg:a new school to be located in the suburbs 将设置在郊区的一所新学校(3)be located 位于 eg:Our school is located in the center of the town. 我们学校坐落于市中心。(4)比较location n. U locating or being located 指定位置C position or place 位置；地方 eg:The hill is a good location for the new church. 那山丘是建筑新教堂的好地点。7 organ n. (1)any part of an animal body or plant 动植物器官 eg:the organs of speech, the tongue, teeth, lips, etc. 语言器官（如舌、牙、唇等）(2)organization 组织，机构 eg:Parliament is the chief organ of the government. 国会是政府的主要机关。(3)musical instrument from which sounds are produced by air forced through pipes, played by keys pressed with the fingers and pedals pressed with the feet 风琴同、近义词辨析1likely, possible 与probable（1）三者均表可能性，但意思有别。possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。 eg：Its possible, though not probable, that he will e tomorrow. 他明天可能来，但也不一定准来。She is likely to ring me tonight. 今晚她很可能给我来电话。（2）possible 不能用人做主语。possible 常用于下列句型：It is possible to do sth. It is possible for sb. to do sth. It is possible that eg:Is it possible to say so?可能这样说吗？It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。（3）probable 也不能用人做主语。一般只用于下面句型中：It is probable that eg:It is probable that he will e. 他很可能要来。（4）likely 既可用人作主语，也可用物做主语。通可用于“It is likely that ”句型中。 eg:He is likely to e. = It is likely that he will e. 他可能要来。但不能说：It is likely for him to e. （5）impossible, improbable, unlikely 用法与上述类似。2catch, grasp, seize 与snatchcatch是普通用语，用“设法抓住，捉住”的意思； grasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脱”；snatch 表示迅速的拉扯动作、出其不意地“抓取”。 eg:The police caught the thief as he ran. 小偷逃跑时被警察抓住了。He grasped his gun and rushed out. 他抓起枪就冲了出去。He seized the gun from the enemy soldier. 他从敌人士兵手中夺过了枪。The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. 小偷抢走了她的手提包就跑了。知识点补充1Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 无论中国将来会有什么样的成就，其中许多可能就诞生在北京的西北部。（1）in store 就要到来，必将发生 eg:Who knows what the future has in store for us? 谁知道我们将来注定如何？（2）in store 也有储存着，备用的意思 eg:The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end. 那名赛跑的人为最后冲刺贮存精力。2 Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of Chinas hi-tech industry. 在20世界90年代末中关村作为高新科技特区被创立并迅速成为中国高科技工业的先锋。（1）set upestablish 建立 eg:The government has set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立工作组调查此问题。（2）in the late 1990s 又可写成in the late 1990s 二十世纪九十年代末in the early 1980s 二十世纪八十年代初（3）hi-tech= high technology 高科技，高技术3 When I got my masters degree, I wanted to return home but couldnt find a pany where I could use what I had learnt. 当我获得硕士学位时，我想回到家乡，可是我没能找到学有所用的公司。（1）本句是一个复合句。When I got my masters degree 为时间状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词wanted。wanted和couldnt find为并列谓语动词，由并列连词but连接。where I could use what I had learnt为定语从句，修饰先行词pany。what I had learnt 为宾语从句。（2）a masters degree 硕士学位 a doctors degree 博士学位a bachelors degree 学士学位又如：Master of Arts 文学硕士 Doctor of Law 法学博士Bachelor of Science 理学学士4I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family. 我永远不会忘记当再次踏上中国土地和我的朋友及亲人团聚时，那种感觉有多幸福。（1）本句是复合句。How happy I was 为宾语从句。when I set foot in China again and was back with 为时间状语从句。（2）set foot in/on 进入，踏进 eg:She said she wouldnt set foot in the room until it had been properly cleaned. 她说直到这屋子收拾好了她才住进去。No man has ever set foot on that deserted island. 没有人曾光顾过那个荒芜的岛。5 “Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power” makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future. “依靠科学，技术，知识发展经常”，它阐明了科学和商业能够且必须结合在一起共创未来。（1）此句为复合句。it为形式宾语，代表that引导的宾语从句。（2）rely on/upon信赖，依赖 eg: He can always be relied upon or help. 他的帮助是永远可依赖的。You may rely on my early arrival. 你放心好了，我会早到的。（3）makeclear 表明，讲清楚 eg:Have I made myself clear? 我讲清楚了吗？They wanted to make it clear that they did an important and necessary job. 他们想说明他们做着一项重要且必要的工作。6 but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are ing to life in Zhongguanzun. 但是我们为所有这些在中关村富有活力的新技术和卓越的想法而感到激动。（1）that are ing to life in Zhongguancun 为定语从句，修饰先行词ideas。（2）e to life 苏醒；恢复生气 eg:We all thought he was drowned, but after an hours artificial respiration he came back to life. 我们都以为他淹死了，但经过一小时的人工呼吸后，他又苏醒了。When I told the students the good news, they all came to life. 当我告诉学生们这个好消息时，他们都活跃起来了。典型病句诊断1 病句：Yufang has e to China for three years. 诊断：Yufang has been in China for three years. 点拨：e为终止性动词，用于现在完成时时态，不能与表一段时间的状语连用。2 病句：Where has he gone is to be found out. 诊断：Where he has gone is to be found out. 点拨：主语从句应用陈述句语序。3 病句：When I got my masters degree, I wanted to return back to China. 诊断：When I got my masters degree, I wanted to return to China. 点拨：return意思是“e back”，不与back连用。4 病句：I would rather you tell me the truth. 诊断：I would rather you told me the truth. 点拨：would rather 后面带的宾语从句表示一种愿望，动词要用过去式来表示虚拟语气。5 病句：The old man stays very health. 诊断：The old man stays very healthy. 点拨：stay为系动词，意为“保持（状态）”，后用形容词作表语。6 病句：Great changes have been taken place in China. 诊断：Great changes have taken place in China. 点拨：take place “发生，举行”，不用被动语态。7 病句：This lesson is more easier than that one. 诊断：This lesson is much easier than that one. 点拨：形容词比较级前不可用more, 而可以用much, even, still, a great deal, a lot, far等加强语气。8 病句：All the answers are not correct. I cant find one correct answer. 诊断：None of the answers are correct. I cant find one correct answer. 点拨：allnot和not all表示部分否定，意为“并非都”，而none表示全部否定，意为“都不”。9 病句：I dont like the way which you speak to me. 诊断：I dont like the way that you speak to me. 点拨：在way后面引导定语从句时，可用that, in which 或省略。10 病句：Zhongguancun has had a positive affect on business as well as science. 诊断：Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science. 点拨：affect vt. “影响”； effect n. “影响”，have a good/bad effect on 意为“对有好/不良的影响”。典型例题精析Chinese arts have won the _ of a lot of people outside China. A.enjoymentB.appreciation C.entertainmentD.reputation 解析：enjoyment意为“快乐，高兴”；appreciation意为“欣赏”；entertainment意为“招待，对待”；reputation意为“名誉，名声”，根据句意来看选B项。答案：BThe environmentalists said wild goats, _ on the vast grasslands was a good phenomenon of the better environment. A.escapeB.absence C.attendanceD.appearance解析：该题也是一个词汇辨析题，同时也考查构词法知识。escape意为“逃跑，避免”，absence意为“缺席”，attendance意为“到场、出席，护理、照料”，这三个词都与句意不相符，只有appearance“出现”符合题意。答案：DMr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up now. A.seriouslyB.heavily C.badlyD.hardly 解析：该题考查词义辨析、动词搭配和构词法知识。从词义上看，hardly为频度副词，要放在谓语动词的前面，首先应将D选项排除掉。另外三个词均为方式副词，虽然都可以置于不及物动词之后，但含义搭配各不相同。只有heavily习惯上与 “drink, smoke, rain, snow” 等动词搭配。故B为正确选项。答案：B思路开拓1.(xx年高考全国卷)Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to before the party.A.get changedB.get changeC.get changingD.get to change解析：本题考查get的用法。题意是“萨拉，快点吧!恐怕在宴会前你没时间换衣服”。get可用作系动词，后接过去分词，表示被动语态，如：get lost“迷路”，get dressed“穿上衣服”，get injured“受伤”，get paid“领取工资”等。此处get changed意为“换衣服”。答案为A。又如本单元课文中的一句话：The centre itself got started in the early 1980s, when Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, opened a private research and development institute.答案：A2.(xx年高考湖南卷)I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that解析：本题考查定语从句。题意是“我在一家公司上班，在这里几乎每个人都在等待着飞黄腾达的机会”。句中almost everyone is waiting for a great chance是一个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词business。