2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature讲义新人教版选修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature讲义新人教版选修重点单词1.ash n灰；灰末2alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边prep.在旁边；沿着的边3wave n波浪；波涛vi.波动；起伏；挥手4potential n潜在性；可能性；潜能adj.可能的；潜在的5sample n样品；样本6candidate n候选人；候补者7precious adj.珍贵的；贵重的8tremble vi.摇晃；摇动；颤抖9panic vi.& vt.惊慌n惊慌；恐慌10guarantee vt.保证；担保11erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生eruption n火山爆发；(战争等)爆发12equipment n设备；装备equip vt.装备13appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n任命；约定14evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计evaluation n评估15absolute adj.绝对的；完全的absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地重点单词16.suit n一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜suitable adj.合适的17actual adj.实在的；实际的actually adv.实际上；事实上18unfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的fortable(反义词)adj.舒服的；舒适的fort vt.使安慰19unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的conscious(反义词) adj.有知觉的，有意识的consciously adv.有意识地20shoot vt.射中；射伤shot(过去式/过去分词)shot n射击；枪炮声21anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的anxiously adv.不安地；忧虑地anxiety n担心；焦虑；渴望22diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的diversity n多种多样；多样性23appreciation n欣赏；感激；感谢appreciate v欣赏；感激重点短语1.burn_to_the_ground 全部焚毁2.make_ones_way 前往3glance_through 匆匆看一遍 4.vary_from.to 由到不等5be_appointed_as 被委派为 6.give_birth_to 生产；产生7have_a_gift_for 有的天赋 8.be_home_to 是的栖息地9be_pared_with 与相比 10.be_about_to 即将重点句型1.be about to.when.意为“正要/就要这时(突然)”I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. (教材P34)2独立主格结构The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.(教材P35)3it be过去分词that 从句It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. (教材P39)语法要点复习v.ing形式I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. (教材P34)Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.(教材P34)1appointvt.任命；委派；约定；指定(时间、地点等)；安排I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. (教材P34)二十年前我被任命为一名火山学家，为夏威夷火山观测站工作。(1)appoint(2)He had a talent for music and was_appointed(appoint) conductor of Shanghai Symphony Orchestra at the age of 30.他很有音乐天赋，在30岁的时候被任命为上海交响乐团的指挥。My patient didnt turn up at the appointed time, that is, she broke an appointment. (appoint)我的病人没有在约定的时间到，也就是说，她违约了。2suitn一套外衣；套装v适合；使适宜We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves. (教材P34)我们都穿着白色的遮住全身的防护服，戴着头盔和特制的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。【归纳拓展】(1)(2)【比较网站】fit多指衣服等形状、大小合适。suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、场合、颜色、款式等。match指事物在大小、色调、性质等方面两两相搭配。Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am suitable for this job.首先，因为我的英语口语流利，我认为我适合这项工作。I want to take this jacket because it fits me well and matches my trousers, though the style doesnt suit me.尽管样式不适合我，我还是想买这件夹克，因为我穿着很合身而且它和我的裤子很相配。3anxiousadj.忧虑的；不安的I was so anxious and couldnt move at first. (教材P38)我非常担心，一开始吓得动弹不得。(1)be anxious(2)(3)anxiously adv.焦虑地I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and Im anxious to_get(get) help from you.别人告诉我辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助，我急于想从您这儿得到一些帮助。Anxiously(anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didnt fit. She took the dress out of the package and tried it on with anxiety(anxious), only to find it didnt fit.她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身。4panicv(panicked，panicking) (使人或动物)受惊；惊慌n惊慌；恐慌I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic. (教材P38)我非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。 (1)panic(2)The protests became more violent and many landowners were_panicked(panic) into leaving the country.抗议变得更加暴力，许多地主惊恐地逃离了故乡。They got into a panic at the fire in the building.他们因大楼起火而变得慌乱起来。At the two gun shots the crowd fled in panic.听到两声枪响，人群慌乱地逃窜开了。5guaranteevt.保证；担保n保证；担保；保证书；保修单.drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself. (教材P39)投一枚硬币到清澈碧蓝的水中，以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样幽深而长久。(1)(2)The plan is aiming at guaranteeing healthcare service to all Chinese.这项计划旨在向所有中国人保证医疗服务。This insurance guarantees you against/from loss in case of fire.万一发生火灾，这项保险保证你不受损失。We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to_succeed(succeed) in the end.我们应该注意小细节，这保证我们最终取得成功。If you yell at him, he is guaranteed(guarantee) to do the opposite of what you want.如果你向他大喊大叫，他肯定会跟你对着干。Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time?你能向我保证按时完成工作吗？1make ones way前往；成功It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater.(教材P35)穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去make ones way to/towards朝走去feel ones way摸索前进fight ones way奋勇前进lose ones way迷路push ones way挤着前进wind ones way蜿蜒前进So long as you work hard, you can make your way in life.只要你努力工作，你的人生就会成功。Look! Many children are making their way to/towards the beach.看！很多孩子正往海滩走去。The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon. 长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。2vary from.to由到不等The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres.(教材P39)这里地面的高度从海拔700米至2 000多米不等(1)vary(2)(3)Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.对于这件事，人人意见不一。Everyones usual temperature varies with the times of the day.每个人通常的体温会随着一天不同的时间而变化。In the botanical garden we can find various(vary) of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.在植物园，我们会发现从大树到小花等各种各样的植物。The girls e from a variety(various) of different backgrounds.姑娘们的出身背景各异。1be about to.when.意为“正要/就要这时突然”I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. (教材P34)我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。【句式点拨】本句中的“be about to do sth”意为“正要/刚要做某事”，表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来，不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但可以与when构成固定句式，其中when为并列连词，意为“就在这时”，相当于and then (at that moment)。He was just about to leave when someone called him.他刚要离开的时候，有人叫住了他。The accident happened as the jet was about to take off.喷气式飞机正要起飞时，事故发生了。【拓展延伸】when 表示“这时”，还用于以下句型：(1)be/be doing.when.正在这时I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. 我睡得正熟，这时我的床突然开始摇晃，我听到一个奇怪的响声，就像一列火车经过我的窗口。He was walking along the sands when he caught sight of a huge footprint.他正沿着沙滩行走，这时突然看见一个巨大的脚印。(2)be on the point of doing.when.正要这时She was on the point of jumping off the building when a policeman came.她正要跳楼，这时来了一名警察。(3)be on the way (to).when.正在路上，这时He was on the way home when a stranger stopped him.他正在回家的路上，这时一个陌生人拦住了他。(4)had just done.when.刚刚这时I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.我刚刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。2it be过去分词that从句It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for language and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. (教材P39)据说这个具有语言天赋和很强说服力的男孩是满族人的祖先。【句式点拨】在本句型中，it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，相当于People say that.的意思。该句型可转化为Sb/Sth is said to be/to do.的形式。It is said that she was the best student in the class.She is said tohave_been(be) the best student in the class.据说她曾是班里最优秀的学生。It is said that the new mayor will e into power next month.The new mayor is said to_e(e) into power next month.据说新市长下个月将上任。It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.Carbon dioxide is said to_be_heating(heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。It is said that he will study/is studying/studied in Holland.He is said to study/to be studying/to have studied in Holland.据说他要去/正在荷兰学习/在荷兰上过学。【拓展延伸】此类句型还有：It is believed/hoped/supposed/suggested/learned/thought/ considered/reported etc.that.意为“人们相信/希望/假设/建议/得知/认为/考虑/据报道”。It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1In our office, Jim is absolutely(absolute) an expert in puters, and he always solves the plex problems in a few minutes.2The old man then took the little key, and opened it, trembling(tremble), but could not at first see anything plainly, because the windows were shut. 3It says the objects are about 650 years old and are_being_evaluated(evaluate) for their provenance(出处) and worth now.4The fear of all kinds of examinations can be a source of deep anxiety(anxious) to many students.5Making(make) his way back to the girl in white, he handed her a glass and asked her to stroll with him along the lake.6To show our appreciation(appreciate) for all your hard work, wed like to give you a bonus.7In Jakarta, the earthquake caused many tall buildings to sway, causing thousands of panicked(panic) office workers to flee onto streets. 8Christina was hit on the head and thus remained unconscious(conscious) for several minutes.9The eruption(erupt) has left a thin veil of dust in the upper atmosphere.10They e from different places, and their backgrounds and beliefs reflect the diversity(diverse) of America.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1She was on the point of continuing her walk she caught a glimpse of a gentleman waving at her. 2Zhongguancun is home the Chinese Academy of Science and more than ten famous universities.3More than once he has told me his desire that he should be appointed do another job of the department.4. aroused the greatest appreciation, the tourist attraction is raising its admission prices. 5After admiring the beautiful view, she made way to the next destination.6“Boys and girls, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the teacher shouted a panic.7Having fixed eyes on for several minutes, the little girl felt unfortable and her face was red with shame. 8Having informed of instant departure, Harry waved to us to gather together immediately. 9Burned it to the ground, the house lay in ruins and we lost too many valuables in this fire. 10This /my first performance, I was so worried that I kept on reading the script again and again.课文语法填空I 1.was_appointed(appoint) as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. My job is 2.occasionally(occasion) dangerous. The most important thing about it is that I help protect people from the volcano. 3.Having_collected(collect) and evaluated the information, I help other scientists predict the path of the lava, which has saved many lives. 4.Unfortunately (fortunate), many of their houses in the path have been burned to the ground. In fact, the lava 5.flowing(flow) slowly down the mountain causes far more damage. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep 6.when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound. Having experienced several earthquakes, I didnt take much notice. But later it became as bright as day with red hot lava 7.fountaining(fountain) hundreds of metres into the air. This was an 8.absolutely(absolute) fantastic sight.Having collected protective suits, we put them on and made our way to the edge of the crater. This 9.being(be) my first experience, I stayed at the top while the other two climbed down to collect some lava for later study. Though I 10.have_studied/have_been_studying(study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.阅读理解A(xx福建双十中学高三月考)According to a team of researchers, an animals ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.” mented lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research showed flies “observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve”， which allows them to avoid being hit.Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, “Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.” In parison, the tiger beetle(虎甲虫) runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically being blind, which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its preys(猎物) position.Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension along which animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail.语篇导读本文为说明文。研究表明，动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏相关，甚至会影响一些动物的存亡。动物的时间感知能力解释了自然界中许多普遍现象。1What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?APace of life of animals. BTime perception of animals.CLifetime of small animals. DImpressive abilities of animals.解析 B主旨大意题。本文通过举例，阐释了动物的时间感知能力在多种自然现象中的体现。同时，全文多次出现关键词time perception并围绕其展开论述，故选B项。2What does Kevin Healys ment mean in Para.2?AThe ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.BThe survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.CAnimals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.DAnimals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.解析 B推理判断题。根据第二段可知，凯文希利认为：对于快速移动的生物，动物在短时间内的时间感应能力决定了它们的生死存亡，故选B项。3Why can houseflies avoid being hit?AThey can think very deeply before they act.BThey can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.CThey can process the information as quickly as they receive it.DThey can send information to brain more quickly than to their eyes.解析 C细节理解题。根据第四段中的observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve可知，苍蝇可以比人们在更短的时间内观察到运动，因为它们可以快速地接收信息并对信息进行加工处理，所以避免了被袭击。A、B、D三项在文中没有提及，故选C项。4What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?ATry to run as fast as it can. BPrevent itself from being blind.CSlow down to gain its time perception.DStop occasionally to spot the prey again.解析 D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的.requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its preys position可知，由于虎甲虫的奔跑速度快于眼睛看东西的感知速度，它们奔跑时基本是瞎的，这就要求它们周期性地停下来重新评估猎物的位置，故选D项。B(xx辽宁协作校高三调考)The Alice Ferguson Foundation is a nonprofit group that works to improve the environment by building relationships between people and nature. The foundation is based in the state of Maryland. It was created more than 50 years ago. It teaches people ways to protect the environment.At the end of the year, it designs events to help children celebrate Christmas without increasing the amount of waste they create. Hanna Seligmann works for the foundation.“So lets figure out what is in our bag of trash.” She shows adults and children how to reduce waste during the holiday giftgiving season. “You can sort it as a cardboard item or you can sort it as a plastic item.” “We encourage using things that are already in your house like newspapers, old magazines, using a gift within a gift.” Urging people to recycle is important in the Washington, DC area, because Potomac River, one of the most famous rivers in the country lies there.“Over time we realized that really just doing trash cleanups was the symptom of the problem, not getting to the root cause. And so it was just a little over a decade ago that we started the initiative(倡议) itself.” says Seligman.The Trash Free Potomac Watershed Initiative is an effort by the Alice Ferguson Foundation to support clean agricultural methods. It includes educational programs teaching children about the kinds of pollution that can enter the watershed.One activity is called the Trash Timeline Game. It teaches children that the things they throw away do not depose,_at the same rate. For example, paper dissolves in about four weeks. An apple core may take two months to rot. A metal can take up to 100 years.语篇导读本文为记叙文。爱丽丝弗格森基金会于50多年前在马里兰州建立，是一个非营利组织，致力于通过建立人与自然的关系来改善环境，一直以来为人们提供保护环境的方法，提高人们的环保意识。5The Alice Ferguson Foundation_. Adevotes itself to keeping citizens engaged in going greenBdeals with relationship between peopleCteaches people how to form groupsDconcerns itself about childrens holidays解析 A细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，爱丽丝弗格森基金会这个非营利组织致力于通过建立人与自然的关系来改善环境，故选A项。6At the end of the year, the Alice Ferguson Foundation is busy_.Abuying plastic itemsBcelebrating ChristmasCfiguring out how much waste was producedDeducating people to reduce less waste while enjoyingChristmas解析 D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在年底，他们设计活动帮孩子们庆祝圣诞节，同时不增加他们产生的浪费。由此可见，该基金会旨在教育人们如何在欢度节日的同时避免浪费，故选D项。7How to get to the root cause of environmental protection, according to Seligman?AEnvironmental education. BDoing trash cleanups.CSaving water. DCelebrating holidays less.解析 A推理判断题。根据第三段塞利格曼所说的话可知，实行垃圾清理只是针对问题的症状，而没有触及到问题的根源。直到十多年前他们才开始倡议。由此可见，他认为真正的解决之道在于大众倡议，即进行环境教育，故选A项。8What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?AGive off. BBreak down.Ce out. DPack up.解析 B词义猜测题。根据画线词的下文可知，纸大约在四周内分解，苹果核可能需要两个月才能腐烂，而金属可能需要100年。由此可知画线处的句意：他们扔掉的东西不会以同样的速度分解，故画线词在此处意为“分解”。 give off 发出；break down分解；e out 出来；pack up打包，故选B项。.语法填空(xx安徽安庆一中高三质检)The Dutch are used to living in a country which is always exposed to dangers of deadly floods. A country with a half of its land below sea level cannot afford 1.to ignore(ignore) the problem of rising sea level, and Holland, which has already spent about US $2.5 trillion (万亿) on flood 2.prevention(prevent), plans to invest(投资) more over the next century. Life in these challenging 3.circumstances(circumstance) has inspired the Dutch to develop many excellent methods of 4.fighting(fight) floods. Thanks to the skill of Dutch engineers, flooding in Holland is rarely widespread, and is instead limited 5.to certain areas of the country. Two such areas are the valleys of the Rhine and the Meuse Rivers. In spite of large flood wall, these rivers regularly flood the surrounding areas. During dry times, however, those areas are perfectly 6.pleasant(pleasure) to live in. One solution 7.being developed(develop) now is a type of house that seems normal in every way, except that it can float during times of high water rather than 8.simply(simple) sink beneath the waves as normal houses would. Groups of houses would form floating neighborhoods in 9.which people could live together during times of high water, temporarily getting around by boat 10.till/until the flood ends.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了荷兰人抗击洪水的努力和方法。1to ignore解析 考查非谓语动词。动词afford后一般用不定式作宾语。 2prevention解析 考查词性转换。此处用名词，与flood一起作介词的宾语。flood prevention防汛。3circumstances解析 考查名词的数。根据these可知此处用名词的复数形式，意为“(具有挑战性的)环境”。 4fighting解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词短语作介词of的宾语，意为“对抗洪水”。5to解析 考查介词。limit.to将限制在(某范围内)，为固定搭配。此处是被动语态形式。6pleasant解析 考查词性转换。系动词are后用形容词作表语。pleasant令人愉快的。7being developed解析 考查非谓语动词。现在分词作定语修饰One solution。此处的being不能省略，表示“正在被研发”。8simply解析 考查词性转换。副词作状语修饰动词sink。9which解析 考查连词。所填词引导定语从句，又因为空前有介词in，故只能用which。10till/until解析 考查连词。句意：房屋群将形成浮动社区，人们可以在洪水期共同生活，临时乘船来往，直到洪水结束。until/till表示时间的延续，意为“直到”。.短文改错(xx武汉外校高三月考)The food chain is the order in animals and plants eat other in order to survive. Every living creature to eat other creatures below it. Every ecosystem a different food chain, depending on which animals and plants live there. The balance of plants animals within a food chain is often determined by the nature. At the bottom of the food chain are plants. They called producers because they produce their own food the sunlights energy