2019-2020年高二英语Words and expressions forUnit11 Scientific achievements.doc

2019-2020年高二英语Words and expressions forUnit11 Scientific achievements1. solar：adj.1)太阳的， 来自太阳的solar system 太阳系 solar rays太阳光 solar energy太阳能 a solar spot太阳黑子 2) 利用太阳光/能的a solar heating system 太阳能加热系统2 mankind: 集合名词，=humakindhuman（1）指任何时期的人/人类 ， 时间涵盖广泛， 带庄重、正式意味并暗示人类所具有的共性， 前面不加冠词 2）男性（womankind）Eg. Such inventions are beneficial to all mankind.这种发明创造有益于全人类。Disease is an enemy of mankind.疾病是人类的天敌Cf. 1） man: 人、人类，总称词，多作单数，不加冠词，作主语时动词用单数。 Eg. Man must change in a changing world. Man has been trying to control nature.人类一直在致力控制自然。还可指成年的男人/男性，泛指一般男性时常不用冠词。Eg. He has bee a fine man. 他已经长成一个大男人。 Man is generally taller than woman. You must be a man. 你必须做个男子汉。2) men : 指人类的成员/组成分子。 Eg. All men are created equal.人人生来都平等。All men are equal in the sight of the law。法律面前人人平等。3）human: 同human being, 与神、动物有别的人的、人类的、人，复数分别为humans和human beings Eg. Little of the earths solid surface has been seen by humans, as much of it lies below the sea. 人们只看到地球固体表面的很小的一部分，因为大部分的地球处于海下。A born teacher, she thought she could turn a deaf-blind person into a useful human being. 生来就是当教师的I dont believe there are other human beings on other planets. 我不相信其他行星上有人存在。3 constitution: 1) c.n 宪法 Eg. According to the American constitution presidential elections are held every four years.Great Britain has an unwritten constitution.2) c.n 体质Eg. Only men with strong constitutions should climb in the Himalayas.4. support (1) vt. 1)支撑，负担（重量），搀扶Eg. Is the bridge strong enough to support heavy lories? He was supporting himself with a stick.2)养家，维持生活，负担费用Eg. Air, food and drink are necessary to support life.3) 支持，赞成Eg. His family supported him in his decision.(2)c. n. 1)支撑物Eg. These wooden supports help to hold up the building.2) 起维持作用的人/物He was a great support to us all in our time of need.(3) u.n 1) 支持Eg. The candidate didnt ask for our support.2) 养家，赡养Her job is the familys only means of support.(4) Two idioms: 1) e to ones support 来支持某人 2) in support of 支持，证明5. achieve vt. 1) 经过努力取得（胜利，成功），实现（目的，目标）Eg. He went back to London without having achieved any success.2) （与一些代词连用）取得成就，成果, 还可与a lot, little, nothing, a great deal等连用Eg. Did you achieve all that you expected to today? Cf. achievement 1) c.n 成就Eg. The inventor was rewarded by the Government for his scientific s. 2) u.n 达到，实现，成功Eg. Such a goal is impossible of Cf. gain / get 前者指通过努力或奋斗获得某种利益、好处或经验； 而后者为普通用词，指以某种方法或手段得到某东西，可以是主动地获得，也可指被动地接受。Eg. He has gained the respect of his students.Tell me how you got such a great amount of money.6. zone: (1)n. 1) 地带（尤指寒带、热带等）Eg. Most of the worlds wheat is grown in the North Temperate Zone.(南半球/北半球的温带)2) 地区Eg. A war zone is a district where fighting is going on.Its against the law to build factories in this residential zone.(住宅区)(2) vt. 划为区，划出 供用，分区Eg. The downtown area is zoned for mercial use.7. private: adj 1) 私人的，个人的Eg. He attended a private school in another city.You can get a private doctor to operate on him. 2) 私下的， 不公开的，保密的Eg. Dont repeat what I have told you to anyone; its private.3)隐秘的，别人不去的Eg. Is there some private corner in the club where we can talk by ourselves? 4) 孤僻的Eg. She is a very private person.5) in private 私底下， 不在公开场合Eg. Matters like this are best discussed in private.6) privately adv. 私下地Eg. He said he was anxious to speak to you privately.8.(1) institute: 理工科专科学校，学院，研究所Eg. Many universities have institutes of education.(教育学院) (2) university : 综合性大学Eg. There is a university town in Fuzhou. (3) college: 独立的学院，大学，大学的学院，专科学校Eg. The university has six colleges. (4) school: 指小学及中等学校，包括其建筑及其制度；大学的研究所；不加冠词时指课业/学校教育Eg. School begins at 8:30 in that country. (5)academy: 主要用于大学以下的种种私立学校或特殊学科的学校校名中Eg. He is now studying in an academy of medicine.9. grasp: (1)vt. 抓住，理解Eg. Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失He seemed not to have grasped what the reply meant. grasp at 试图抓住，设法抓住Eg. He grasped at the rope but missed it. (2) u.n 拿到，理解，掌握，有时可加aEg. You seem to have a good grasp of English history. in ones grasp 到手，握住 within ones grasp 力所能及的Eg. I kept her hand in my grasp.Its not within my grasp. 这不是我力所能及的。Success is within his grasp. 他成功在望10perfect: 绝对adj，没有最高级和比较级(1) 完善的，理想的，精确的 Eg. The weather during the last few days has been perfect.(2) 十足的，完全的，常用于加强所修饰n.的语气Eg. He is a perfect stranger to me. 我完全不认识他。She is a perfect fool.(3)指人时，常盒子行为、品德的高雅、无暇Eg. The young ladys words and behaviour are perfect and we all respect her very much.那女士的言行无可挑剔， .(4) 熟练的，精通的Eg. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。(5) vt. 使完美，使精通Eg. You should train hard to perfect your skill.11. arrange: (1) vt. 安排 常用于以下句型：1) + n./pronEg. Arrange the matter at your own convenience. 在方便的时候及适宜的地方2) + inf. Eg. We arranged to meet him at the airport.3) + clause Eg. He arranged that the meeting should be put off for a week.4) + sth for Eg. The travel agency has arranged everything for our trip to Australia.(2) vt. 安排，整理Eg. I began to arrange the flowers in the vases.(3) arrangement: c.n 安排，排列，排出的样子Eg. The present arrangement wasnt really satisfactory to them. 现有的安排他们好象并不是很满意 make arrangements 作安排Eg. I have to make arrangements to take you to London.12. set foot in (on ) / out of : 进入，到达， 走（进 / 出）Eg. They were filled with joy when they set foot on / in Chinese soil. Man has set foot on all ways of science and technology. She told her boy not to set foot out of the house until he had finished his homework. stand on ones own feet: 自力更生， 依靠自己 13.rely: vi. 常与on/upon 搭配，“依靠，依赖，指望”可用于以下句型：(1) + n./pronEg. They relied on themselves, which was much better.(2) + sb. + to do You can rely on Peter to do whatever he promises.(3) + doingWe cant rely on him ing in time when we are in need of him.(4) + for-phraseYou cant rely on him for help.14. base (1) c.n 1)基础，底座 2) 基地，根据地Eg. It serves the economic base.There we established our first revolutionary bases / base areas. (2) vt. 1)把 建立在， 以为基础;2) 把总部 / 基地设在Eg. This song is based on an old folk tune. Teaching is an art based on a science.The panys headquarter is based in America. (3)adj. 卑鄙，恶劣 Eg. To betray a friend is a base action. baseless: adj. 毫无根据的 baseness : n. 卑劣15.mark : (1) c.n 1) 标记，符号 Eg. A red pencil-mark on the fifth page caught his eyes.2) 标志，影响，迹象 Eg. Grey hairs are a mark o fold age.The years in prison have left their marks on his character. 3) 分数 Eg. My mark in English is A.The students received passing marks in all subjects. 4) Some idioms: below the mark : 不符合标准give full marks for : 佩服on the mark : 中肯，说到点子上wide of (beside / off ) the mark : 不中肯， 未中要害make ones mark : 出名 (2) v. 标出，标上；标志，表现出；打分，记出勤情况 Eg. The teacher is marking the examination papers. be marked by : 特点是，以为特点 mark out for : 看中， 选定16.announce: vt. 宣布，宣称 1) + n. Eg. The new government announced its policy at once. 2) + clauseEg. She announced that she would give one extra song. 3) announcement : n. 宣告，布告，通告 announcer : 广播员， 报幕员