2019-2020年高一英语上册 nit2 English around the world(备课资料)教案 大纲人教版第一册.doc

2019-2020年高一英语上册 nit2 English around the world(备课资料)教案 大纲人教版第一册I、异域风情1Noah Webster and the first American dictionary Noah Webster was born On October 16,1758in the West Division of Hartford .His father farmed and worked as a weaver. His mother worked at homeNoah and his two brothers，Charles and Abraham, helped father with the farm workNoahs sister, Mercy and Jerusha, worked with their mother to keep house and make food and clothing for the familyFew people went to college，but Noah loved to learn so his parents let him go to Yale, Connecticuts only collegeNoah graduated in l778He wanted to study law, but his parents could not afford to give him more money for schoolSo，in order to make a living，Noah taught in Glastonbury, Hartford and West HartfordLater he studied law. Noah did not like American schools. Sometimes 70 children of all age were crammed into one-room schoolhouses with no desks，poor books, and untrained teachers. Their books came from England. Noah thought that Americans should learn from American booksso in 1783, Noah wrote his own textbook：A Grammatical Institute of the English LanguageMost people called it the “Blue-backed Speller” because of its blue cover For 100 years，Noahs book taught children how to readspell, and pronounce wordsIt was the most popular book of its timeBen Franklin used book to teach his granddaughter to read. When Noah was 43,he started the first American dictionaryHe did this because Americans in different parts of the country spelled. pronounced and used words differentlyHe thought that all should speak the same wayHe also that Americans should not speak and spell just like the English. Noah used American spellings like “color” instead 0f the English “colour” and “music” instead of “musick”He also added American words that werent in English dictionaries like “skunk(臭鼬)”and “squash(瓜菜)”It took him over 27 years to write his bookWhen finished in 1828at the age of 70,Noahs dictionary had 70 000 words in it Noah did many things in his lifeHe worked for copyright(版权)laws，wrote textbooks，Americanized the English language, and edited magazinesWhen Noah Webster died in 1843 he was considered an American hero2The Origin of WordsAbout three hundred words in the Englishlanguage e from the names of peopleMany of these words are technical wordsWhen there is a new invention or discoveryA new word may be coined(杜撰)after the inventor or scientistIt is interesting to observe how many words have found their way into the from the names of peopleLord Sandwich who lived from 1718 to 1792 used at the gambling table eating bread with meat in betweenAs the Lord was the only one among his friends who ate bread in that bread “sandwich” for funLater on the word became partlanguageThe word “boycott” means to refuse to have anything to do with somebody or something. It es from a man called Captain Is a land agent in 1880 and he and taxes for an English landowner in Ireland. But the Captain was a very harsh(苛刻的)manHe treated his poor tenants very badly. His tenants decided not to speak to him at all. Eventually word got back to the landowner and the Captain was removed. The word “boycott” became popular everyone to mean the kind of treatment that was received by Captain Boycott.II、知识归纳(一)英语中表示“请求(requests)”情况归纳：（1）.提出请求表达The radio is too loud. Can you turn it down a little?收音机的声音太大了，你能将它的音量调小一点吗？Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train leaves for Beijing?请问下一班列车何时去北京？Excuse me, would you mind stopping talking?对不起，请不要讲话好吗？Shut the door, will you?请把门关上，好吗？May I use your English-Chinese dictionary?我可以用你的英汉词典吗？Would you like to go out for a walk now?现在你愿意出去走一走吗？Dont rush (hurry)/crowd.不要匆忙/挤！No smoking, please.请勿吸烟。（2）.愉快接受请求表达Certainly/ Of course/Sure!当然可以！With pleasure!十分愿意！Ill be glad /pleased to.我很乐意！Yes, all right.好的。No problem.没问题。Certainly, just help yourself.当然，请自便。I will if I can.如果我能，我会的。Not at all./Of course not.根本不/当然不。（3）.客气地拒绝请求表达Id like(love)to，but I have no time.我很愿意，但我没时间。Im sorry I cant.对不起，我不能。No, Im afraid not/I cant.不，恐怕我不能。Id like to say yes, but thats impossible.我倒是想答应的，但那是不可能的。Im sorry, but Im using it now.对不起，不过我现在正好用它。2.表示“许多”的词语归纳（1）.只能修饰可数名词的有：many, a good/great many, a(large/great)number of, many a(+n.)e.g. A good many animals sleep under the snow.很多动物都在雪底下冬眠。To build this house, a great number of bricks are needed.盖这所房子需要大量砖头。Many a student has visited the exhibition.许多学生参观了这次展览。（2）.只能修饰不可数名词的有：much, a great/good deal of, a great amount ofe.g. It cost me a great deal of money.它花了我很多钱。Is there much ink in the bottle?瓶子里有很多墨水吗？He gave his wife a great amount of money.他给了他妻子一大笔钱。（3）.可数和不可数名词均可修饰的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large/great quantity of, quantities ofe.g. Every day people throw away lots of rubbish.人们每天都倒掉很多垃圾。We have plenty of rain in the south in spring.春天南方雨水很多。A great quantity of flowers was placed on the dead boys body.孩子的尸体上盖满了鲜花。There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.食橱里有许多食物。III、词语辨析1. What about, Would you like, Would you please(1)What about?在口语中，通常用来征求对方的意见或提出建议，后面一般接名词、代词、动名词、副词或状语从句。它可用how about替换。e.g.What about going to London this summer?今年夏天去伦敦怎么样？Good idea.好主意。(2)Would you like?在口语中，通常用来征求对方看法、想法或提出请求、邀请，其后通常接名词、代词、不定式或带不定式的复合宾语。e.g.Would you like to e to supper this evening?今晚来吃饭好吗？Oh, thank you! Id love to!好，谢谢！我很乐意！Would you like a cup of coffee?你想来杯咖啡吗？(3)Would you please?在口语中，通常用来表示委婉客气的请求，后接动词原形。e.g. I can hardly hear the radio, would you please turn it up?我几乎听不见收音机的声音，请开的大声点好吗？2. know, know of, know about(1)know用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。e.g. She knows a lot of English.她懂得很多英语。I dont know whether he is here or not.我不知道他是否在这儿。I know him to be honest.我知道他很诚实。I know Mr. White by sight but have never spoken to him.我常见到怀特先生，但从未同他讲话。I know the place very well.我对那地方很熟悉。know之后不能直接跟不定式，要说know how to do。e.g. I dont know how to do the work.我不知道怎样做那件事。(2)know of 和know about的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。e.g. I know of/about him, but I dont know him.我听说过他，但不认识他。I know about/of that last week.我上星期听说过那件事。3. for example, such as(1)for example“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替换。e.g. For example, air is invisible.例如，空气是看不见的。Ball games, for example, have spread around the world.例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。His spelling is terrible! Look at the word for example.他的拼写太糟糕了！比如就看这个词吧。(2)such as“例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。e.g. Some of the European Languages e from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语。例如法语、意大利语和西班牙语。Some of the rubbish, such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time.有些废物，如剩饭、废纸和铁，时间一长就烂掉了。注：如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that is或namely。e.g. He knows four languages, that is/namely Chinese, French, English and Japanese.他懂四种语言，即汉语、法语、英语和日语。4. change into, change for, change with(1)change into“变成为”，changeinto “把变成”。e.g. Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day.热天冰很快化成水。The fairy changed the cat into a swan.仙女把猫变成了一只天鹅。(2)change for“向方向转化”，change A for B “用A换取B”e.g. The weather has changed for the better.天气转好了。He has changed his old bicycle for a new one.他已把旧自行车换成新的了。(3)change with“随同而变”，changewith sb.“和某人交换”。e.g. Times changed and we should change with them.时代在变，我们也应跟着变。Will you change seats with me?你愿意和我换座位吗？IV、能力训练1.单句改错1. Do sit down by the fire and make yourself at your home.简析：把your去掉。make oneself at home是固定词组，不加your, the等词。2. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of people speak English.简析：把speaks 改为speak。the majority of作主语，谓语常用复数。3. I like same music as you.简析：same前加the,因the sameas意为“与同样的”，same前的the不可省略。4. He municated the whole story with me.简析：把with改为to。municate作“和交流思想”解，用municate with sb.作“传达、传送”解，句型是municate sth. to sb.。5. I spent a great many money on English books last year.简析：many改为deal of,因money为不可数名词，a great many只能修饰可数名词。6. One student in three wear glasses.简析：wear改为wears,因决定谓语动词的是one student而不是three。2.句型转换每空填一词，使两句意义相同。1. How did this accident happen?How did this accident _ _?答案：e about2. It was not difficult for the police to find out the murderer.The police had no _ _ _ _the murderer.答案：difficulty in finding out3. Mary and Jane are both good students._ Mary _Jane are good students.答案：Both; and4. Nobody can answer this question quickly.There is _ _ _ _this question.答案：no quick answer to5. Watch how I water the flowers, and you water them in the same way.Water the flowers _I _.答案：as; do6. In total, there are 60 students in the classroom._there are 60 students in the classroom.答案：Altogether