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选 修 8,Unit 1 A land of diversity,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.distinct adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的 distinction n.差别,区分;卓著 2.majority n.大多数;大半 minority (反义词)n.少数 major vi.主修 n.主修课程;专业课 adj.主要的;较多的,大部分的 3.hardship n.苦难,困苦 4.elect vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人 election n.选举;选举权;当选 5.percentage n.百分比;百分率 6.boom n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期 7.racial adj.种族的;民族的 race n.种族;赛跑,竞赛,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,8.applicantn.申请人 applyvt.表面上的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,13.brake n.闸;刹车;制动器 vt.领会,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.live on 继续存在,继续生存 2.by means of. 用方法;借助 3.make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 4.keep up 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等) 5.back to back 背靠背 6.team up with 与合作或一起工作 7.mark out 用线画出范围;标出界线 8.take in 包括;吸收;欺骗 9.a great/good many 许多,很多 10.apply for 申请;请示得到,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.然而,可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。 However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 2.两个世纪以后,西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区以及我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区定居下来。 Two centuries later,the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. 3.这就是今天仍有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。 That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,4.人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。 It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 5.缆车系统建于1873年,是由安德鲁哈利迪发明的,他试图找到一种比马拉的轨道车更好的交通方式。 Built in 1873,the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie,who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.,California is the third 1.largest(large) state in the USA but has the largest population.It is the most multicultural state in the USA 2.which has attracted people from nearly every country in the world.This is not 3.surprising(surprise) when you know the history of California. No one really knows when the first 4.settlers(settle) arrived in what we now know as California.Scientists believe that Native Americans reached America by means 5.of a land bridge.In the 18th century,California was ruled by Spain.Of the first Spanish to go to California,the majority were religious men.In the early 1800s,Russian hunters began settling in California.In 1848,gold 6.was discovered(discover) in California and the dream of becoming rich 7.quickly(quick) attracted people from all over the world.In fact,few achieved their dream,but most remained in California 8.to make(make) a life for themselves.In more recent decades,California has become home to more people from Asia.It 9.is believed(believe) that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great 10.that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,majority n.大多数;大半 Of the first Spanish to go to California,the majority were religious men,whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。(教材原句P2) 常见用法 in a/the majority占大多数 have a majority over sb.获得多于某人的;战胜某人 by/with a majority of拥有大多数 He believes that his supporters are in the majority.他相信支持他的人占多数。 The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes.我所支持的政党以264票的多数票获胜。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,特别提醒 1.majority单独用作主语,谓语动词用单数、复数形式均可。 The majority was/were in favor of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。 2.majority在强调“多数中的各个成员”时,谓语动词常用复数形式。 The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.昨天参加会议的多数人是学生。 3.The majority of后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式;后接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。 The majority of students were indifferent to the political meeting.大多数学生对政治集会漠不关心。 The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的大部分破坏容易修复。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 1.反义词: minority n.少数 in the minority占少数 2.major vi.主修 n.主修课程,专业课 adj.主要的;较多的 major in主修,专攻 现学活用 用majority的相关用法完成句子 1.不要担心世界局势,大多数国家领导人喜欢和平而不是战争。 Dont worry about the present situation in the world;the majority of state leaders prefer peace to war. 2.在委员会成员中,那些支持这项计划的人占大多数。 Among the members of the committee those who are in favor of the plan are in a/the majority.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,elect vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人 By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850,it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。(教材原句P2) 常见用法 elect sb.(as/to be) 选举某人为 elect sb.to.选举某人进入 elect to do sth.选择或决定做某事,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Ronald Reagan was first elected as president in 1980.罗纳德里根于1980年首次当选总统。 She was elected to Parliament in 1988.她于1988年入选议会。 Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays.现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。 拓展延伸 election n.选举,推选;选举权;当选 run/stand for election 参加竞选,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用elect的相关用法完成句子 1.美国人民每隔4年选一次总统。 Americans elect a president every four years. 2.我对你当选为学生会主席表示祝贺。 I wish to congratulate you on your being elected chairman of the Students Union. 3.你可以选择删掉或保存这条信息。 You can elect to delete the message or save it.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,occur vi.发生;出现;想到 Yes.It didnt occur to me that.是的,我当时没想到(教材原句P5) 常见用法 sth.occurs to sb.某人发生某事 It occurs/occurred to sb.that.=It strikes/struck sb.that.某人突然想起 It occurs/occurred to sb.to do sth.某人想到要做某事 There occurs.有(表存在) I hope no accident has occurred to him.我希望他没出什么事。 It occurred to me that we should go there more often.我突然觉得我们更应常去那里。 Didnt it occur to you that he was lying?你当时没想到他在撒谎吗? It occurred to him to leave the whole thing to Xiao Wang.他想起把这事全交给小王去办。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 2.Why are you so late? I was about half way when it occurred(occur) to me that I had left my notebook home,so I had to fetch it.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,indicate vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示 Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.试着运用上面的词组以表明你在认真听同伴的讲述。(教材原句P7) 常见用法 indicate sth.to sb.向某人指出某物 indicate that.表明;指出 She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us.她拿出一张地图,给我们指出最快捷的路线。 Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究表明,男人比女人更容易戒烟。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 indication n.迹象;指示;象征 show no indication of 没有的迹象 There are indications that.有迹象表明 There are not any indications of a sudden disease outbreak.没有突然暴发疾病的任何迹象。 现学活用 用indicate的适当形式填空 1.There is a great deal of evidence indicating that music activities engage different parts of the brain. 2.The bell rang,indicating that class was over. 3.There are clear indications that the economy is improving.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,apparently adv.显而易见地,显然地 Apparently hed been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a trams brakes failed.他曾经目睹了一起严重的交通事故:一辆马车的刹车失灵,很明显这极大地震惊了他。(教材原句P8) 拓展延伸 apparent adj.显而易见的,明显的 for no apparent reason 不知什么原因 It is apparent to sb.that.对某人而言是显而易见的 It is apparent (from sth.) that.(从看)是显而易见的 Everyone present ran out for no apparent reason.不知出于什么原因,在场的人全跑出去了。 It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.Susan managed to climb out of the car,apparently(apparent) unhurt. 2.Short sellers(卖空者)are apparently(apparent) dominating the market for China stocks. 3.It was apparent to all that he was guilty.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,nowhere adv.无处;到处都无 The cells in the station were very small,cold and damp;some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.移民站的房间又小又冷又潮湿,一些房间甚至没有光,但是移民们没有其他去处。(教材原句P8) 常见用法 get nowhere 没有进展,没有结果 nowhere near差得远,远不及 be nowhere to be found/seen/heard 不可能找到/看见/听见 Nowhere+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+.(nowhere在句首构成部分倒装),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Its a good idea but it will get nowhere without more financial support.这个主意不错,但如果没有更多的资金支持是不会成功的。 The state pension is nowhere near enough.国家养老金还远远不够。 The children were nowhere to be seen.根本看不到孩子们在哪儿。 现学活用 完成句子 1.这本书无处可寻。 The book was nowhere to be found . 2.这远没有戴维所料想的那么痛苦。 It was nowhere near as painful as David had expected. 3.你在哪儿都找不到这个问题的答案。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,by means of.用办法;借助 Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。(教材原句P2) 拓展延伸 by means of用方法 by every means 用尽一切可能的方法 by no means决不,一点也不 by all means务必,不惜一切地;当然可以,没问题 This is by no means the first time you have been late.这绝不是你第一次迟到了。 Try to save the dying by all means!一定要尽力抢救那个垂危的病人!,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,特别提醒 1.means 表示“方法,方式”时单复数同形。 2.当means作主语且有every,each等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式;由some,several,few,many等词修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式。 3.当短语by no means置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装结构。 现学活用 用means的相关短语填空 1.By no means am I satisfied with my present job. 2.She could not speak,but made her wishes known by means of signs. 3.Can I use your car? By all means.Anyhow I am not using it now.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,keep up 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等) In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own,which today still keeps up their Danish culture.1911年,丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇,该城至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。(教材原句P2) 拓展延伸 keep up with sb./sth.赶上,跟上 keep out (of) (使)在外,(使)不入内 keep on 继续前进; 继续工作 keep away (from) 不接近;避开 keep off 不接近; 挡住 Youre walking too fast.I cant keep up with you.你走得太快了,我跟不上。 We kept on in spite of every difficulty.尽管有种种困难,我们仍在坚持。 Keep the children away from the machine.别让孩子们接近机器。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用适当的介词或副词填空 1.Keep off the grass! 2.Walking alone in the dark,the boy whistled to keep up his courage. 3.People should keep away from the radioactive(有放射性的)waste. 4.People in this village get together every year to keep up the tradition and enjoy themselves as their ancestors did.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,take in 包括;吸收;欺骗 Its a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.这是一次往返79公里的旅行,它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。(教材原句P8) This is the total cost of the holiday,taking everything in.这是假期的全部费用,一切都包括在内。 拓展延伸 take away 拿走;使离开;消除(病痛等) take down 记下来;拆掉 take.for.把当作 take off 起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;大获成功 take on 呈现;雇用;承担;接受(工作) take over 接收,接管;取代 take up 占去,占据;开始(从事),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,These books are for reading in the library,and may not be taken away.这些书只能在图书馆内阅读,不能带出去。 He took on a part-time teaching job in a middle school.他在一所中学担任兼职教学工作。 It can take up the whole afternoon to prepare a meal.准备一顿饭有时要一下午的时间。 现学活用 用适当的介词或副词填空 1.My writing career took off when I discovered my own style. 2.Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of his day. 3.In the past few years,the village has taken on a new look. 4.I know I was naive to trust him but he was a real charmer who totally took me in.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,apply for申请;请示得到 From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.从1882年到1940年,天使岛成为一个著名的移民站,许多中国人在那里申请美国居住权。(教材原句P8) You cant apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.在符合一定的条件之后你才能申请这份工作。 拓展延伸 apply to sb.for sth.向某人申请某物 apply to do sth.申请做某事 apply to适用于 apply.to.把应用到 apply oneself to (doing) sth.专注于;专心做某事,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,They may apply to join the organization.他们可能会申请加入该组织。 He applied himself to learning French.他专心学习法语。 现学活用 用适当的介词填空 1.Due to the fact that he failed to adapt himself to the present job,he applied for another one. 2.He applied himself to his new duties with great energy. 3.We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,It is likely that.句型 However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而,可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。(教材原句P2) 本句中it为形式主语,真正的主语为that从句。It is likely that.“是可能的”。此句型可转化为:sb./sth.be likely to do sth.“某人/物可能做某事”。 Its very likely that she will ring me tonight.=Shes very likely to ring me tonight.她今晚很可能会给我打电话。 It is likely that the weather will be fine.=The weather is likely to be fine.天气可能会很晴朗。 拓展延伸 表示“是有可能的”其他句型 It is possible/probable that.是有可能的 It is possible for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是有可能的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用possible,likely或probable填空 1.Its possible for us to break with old habits. 2.Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. 3.It is possible that it will rain,but with such a blue sky it doesnt seem probable.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,表语从句 That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天仍有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。(教材原句P2) That is why.“这就是为什么”,句中why引导的是表语从句,表示结果。 Thats why I must trust you to keep this secret.那就是我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密的原因。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 1.Thats because.“那是因为”。because引导表语从句,表示原因。 Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.汤姆开会迟到了,那是因为他病了。 2.The reason why/for which.is/was that.“的原因是”。表语从句常用that引导,而不用because。 The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句改错 1.Is this the reason why she explained in the report for her success in the job? (why改为that/which或删除why) 2.The reason why death was feared was because no man could experience it twice. (because改为that),一、单句填空 1.(2015天津高考改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides. 1.has been reached。句意:尽管之前已进行了多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。 2.(2015安徽高考改编)Small talk even helps people get (hire). 2.hired。句意:寒暄甚至能帮人们应聘成功。此处应用get done结构来表示被动,故填hired。 3.(2015广东高考改编)It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class (distinct). 3.distinction。句意:过去,人们普遍把英国看作一个按阶级划分的社会。介词with后面应该用名词作宾语,class distinction“阶级差别”。,4.(2015天津高考改编)After knocking politely at the door,the (apply) entered the office of the general manager. 4.applicant。句意:在礼貌地敲了门后,这个申请人进入了总经理的办公室。空处作主语,应用名词,结合句意可知应填applicant“申请人”。 5.(2015福建高考改编)To learn more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an (elect) course. 5.elective。句意: 为了了解更多的中国文化,杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。此处所填词修饰名词course,应用形容词elective “(课程)选修的,可选择的”。 6.(2014湖北高考改编)I learned that shouting and threats of (punish) would result in a disaster. 6.punishment。此处应用名词作of的宾语。learn后接的宾语从句中的shouting and threats of punishment作主语。,7.(2014江西高考改编)He hoped she would be able to continue the family (traditional). 7.tradition。此处指“家庭传统”,表达为the family tradition。 8.(2014湖南高考改编)Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished (state). 8.statements。空前有unfinished修饰,故填名词statements,和questions保持一致。 9.I woke up with headache,yet by evening the pain had gone. 9.a;the。第一空表示泛指,用不定冠词a;第二空by the evening为固定用法,用定冠词the。句意:我醒来时头很痛,然而到了晚上疼痛消失了。 10.I have no intention of changing a job;I am content my present job. 10.with。固定短语be content with意为“对满意”。,二、单元话题微写作 多元文化 根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。 1.杰克申请移民签证后去了美国。(apply for;immigration visa) 2.他发现很多居民并不如想象中的那样友好。更糟糕的是,他被骗了,失去了所有。(a great many;worse still;take in) 3.他没有别的地方可去,只好继续坚持下去,想方设法习惯新的生活。(nowhere;live on;make a life) 4.起初,他靠饲养牲畜谋生。后来他与一位韩国人合作,开了一家面包店。(by means of;cattle;team up with;Korean;bakery) 5.他从未想过会遇到那么多困难,但他依然保持着自己的传统习俗。(occur to;keep up),Jack applied for an immigration visa and went to America,where he found a great many residents were not as friendly as he had thought.Worse still,he was taken in and lost everything he had.With nowhere else to go,he had to live on and managed to make a life for himself.At first,he made a living by means of raising cattle.Then he teamed up with a Korean and started a bakery.It never occurred to him that he would meet with so many difficulties,but he always kept up his traditional customs.,
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