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在阅读语篇中我们常常遇到一些代词，如it, they, that, this, which, as, so等，其中it, that, this等代词在语篇中出现的频率较高，它们不仅能起指代作用，用来代替上下文涉及到的人、事或物，同时还能起到承上启下，体现语篇中各个句子之间的衔接关系。,代词在阅读理解中的两种考法,代词一般是“回指”前面提到过的某一事物或内容。如： Our curtains look dirty. They need a good wash. (They回指our curtains) 但有时也“预指”后面出现的某一事物或内容。如： I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. (this预指冒号后面的he is an honest man),高考的阅读理解题中有关代词的指代关系的考查，主要有两类： 1.直接要求考生指出代词所指的具体内容 例1(2013广东) However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing.,In Paragraph 2, the underlined word “that” refers to _. A. being good at something B. setting a practical goal C. putting in more time D. succeeding in life,解析：选B。本题考查要求考生弄清that指代的内容，“除此之外”中的“此(that)”到底是指什么？当然是回指前句中的set a goal and then gradually make it more practical，故选B。,B,2.间接考查考生对代词指代内容的把握 因为代词在上下文或上下句中起语义的衔接作用，在解答某些细节题时，如果不弄清代词的指代内容，就很难选出正确的答案。解题中，考生需要利用代词的回指或预指来理清上下句的衔接关系，从而找到问题的答案。,例2(2009广东)It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse.,When did Lisa become conscious again? A. When the train was leaving. B. After she was back on the platform. C. After the police and fire officials came. D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.,B,解析：B。解答本题的关键是理解 “That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness (那就是丽莎苏醒的地方)”中的that到底是指什么。结合前句，不难看出that是回指the platform的，故正确选项是B。,1. The underlined word “that” refers to “_”. A. hearing loss B. using a special microphone C. lip-reading D. attending a course on lip reading,即学即用,解析：C。结合that所在句的句意及上下文意义的衔接，可知that是回指lip-reading。,C,2. Some friendships dont last long because _. A. there are too many people who want to make friends B. some people receive friendship but dont give friendship back C. those who give others friendship receive friendship from others D. they dont know friendship is something serious,解析：B。 因That is why中that是回指前面一句的内容，故选B。,B,3. What does the underlined word “it” in refer to? A. The beach. B. The water. C. The boat. D. The wind. 解析：D。 本题要求考生弄清it是回指文中的什么内容，从上文中a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water可知，it指的是the wind，所以答案是D。,D,4. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when _. A. they offer their help B. they receive others help C. they feel others kindness D. they show their weakness,A,解析：A。解答本题的关键是理解此段最后一句中的代词it到底是指什么。结合上文可知，它回指的是前文中的“hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat”，人们的这些行为概括地说，就是offer their help，故正确选项是A。,5. Some cats and dogs may fight when _. A. they are cold to each other B. they look away from each other C. they misunderstood each others signals D. they are introduced at an early age,C,解析：C。 解答此题的关键是理解One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite中的代词this到底是指什么。根据行文逻辑，可知this是回指 (between the cat and dog) fighting，即“猫狗打架”的一个原因是它们的“肢体讯号是相反的”，讯号相反就容易误解，当双方误解了对方的肢体讯号时就会打架。故正确选项是C。,
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