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Grammar,The Non-restrictive Attributive Clauses,1 Studying the rule,Read the following two dialogues, paying attention to the colored parts. Also think about the question: Why does Bin Picture1 ask which bicycle has been stolen?,A: Johns bicycle has been stolen. B: Really? Which one? John has two bicycles. A: The bicycle which he bought two weeks ago has been stolen. B: What a pity! He must be very sad.,B: John, is it true that your new bicycle has been stolen? C: Yes. My new bicycle, which I bought two weeks ago, has been stolen. B: Im really sorry.,Tips: 1) The restrictive attributive clauses are used to give necessary information in order to identify what/who you are talking about. 2) The non-restrictive attributive clauses are used to give extra information, not necessary for identifying what/who you are talking about.,仔细观察A、B两组句子，注意它们的不同点。,A. 1. Everyone who / that knew him liked him. 2. The man (that / who / whom) you met at the school gate yesterday is Toms uncle. 3. Please show me the book which / that is written by the famous writer.,B. 1. Liu Ying is our monitor, who is kind and always ready to help others. 2. The students went to the hospital to see Miss Yang, whom they respect greatly. 3. The 10:00 train, which is usually very punctual（准时的）, was late today.,【归纳】 通过观察我们可以发现：A组的句子都是限制性定语从句，B组的句子都是非限制性定语从句。,1. 非限定性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。而限定性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个，一 些或一类特定的人或事务, 这种定语从句已和被修饰的词构成了一个完整的意思, 不可分割。, Crusoes dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. (非限定性定于从句） The train which has just left is for Xian. （限定性定于从句）,2. 在非限定性定语从句中, 不能用that来引导定语从句, 只能用who/whom指人，用which指物, 而且引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不能省略。 Which还可代替主句或主句的一部分。, I advised him to give up smoking, which he didnt accept. The hospital nearby, where my father used to work as a doctor, has been rebuilt recently. 3.He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which surprised us.,3. 能引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词通常是who, whom, whose和which。关系副词where和when也能引导非限定性定语从句。, The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right. His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. His wife, whom you met at my house, was bored, too., The speech, which he had written on little bits of paper, seemed endless. The managers daughter, whose name is Ann, gave me a patient smile. On April 1st they flew to Beijing, where they stayed several days. Im seeing the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from New York.,4.1)as 和which都可以在定语从句中作主语、宾语，代指前面整个句子。 2）as从句可放在主句前、中、后，常有“正如、正像”之意。which从句只放在后。 3）当先行词由the same, such 或as修饰时，用as.,1.He is from the south, as/ which we can know from his accent. 2.As is known to all , China is a developing country. 3.He is not the same person as he was.,【练习】 1. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 My father, _ had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday. The meeting will be put off till next month, _ we will have made all the preparations. All the books, _ had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.,who,when,which,He likes reading, _ I am glad to hear. This is Felicity, _ sister you met last week. The next day John went with me to the station, _ I bought a ticket to London. The gentleman, _ you told me yesterday, proved to be a thief.,which,whose,where,whom,2.用括号内所给词的正确形式及关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子。 The red car, _ belongs to Miss Li, needs _ (clean). I still remembered the day _ Tom and Lily got _ (marry).,which,cleaning,when,married, The following _ (tip), _ were offered by Professor Wu, might be useful to you. The author has published ten books, only one of _ is a best _ (sell).,which,seller,tips,which, My parents suggested me _ (make) friends with the persons, _ personal quality is neither outgoing nor quiet.,making,whose,Applying the rule 1). They got married in September, when I was in the countryside. 2) Mr. Robinson , who is a Canadian, will teach us English. 3) Would you like to meet David Johnson, whose latest novel has become a best seller?,4) I like the Summer Palace, which used to be a royal garden , very much. 5) Frank, who is my cousin, is in charge of the school. 6) The story happened in 1997, when I was still a little baby. 7) I have a phone , which is in the kitchen, and it is broken. 8) The factory, whose owner had been put into prison, was closed down., I enjoy reading the article which is very educational. 我很喜欢读那篇有教育意义的文章。 2）San Francisco, which is one of my favourite cities, has a population of one million. 旧金山有约一百万人口，它是我最喜欢的城市之一。,3）Do you remember the night when we met in the heavy rain? 你还记得我们在大雨中相见的那一晚吗？ 4）The singer whose songs I like very much is John Denver. 我非常喜欢听约翰. 丹弗尔的歌。 5）My aunts house in which I lived when I was young is located by a beautiful river. 小时候我住在我婶婶家，它靠近一条美丽的小河。,6）Our neighbours who had lived here for ten years have moved to another city. 在这里已经住了 10年的邻居已搬家到另一个城市去了。 7）The stories which were told in this book are all true. 这本书里讲的故事都是真实的。,8）The examination has been put off , which is out of our expectation. 考试推迟了，这很出乎我们的预料。 9）We had to sleep with our clothes on that night , which is really unforgettable. 那一夜我们不得不和衣而卧，那真是令人难忘。 10）He always speaks as if he were the teacher , which makes us uncomfortable. 他总是像我们老师似的说话，这使得我们很不舒服。,Answers:,1. I just read a book called Technostress , which was written by Dr. Michelle Weil.,2. Her co-author was Dr. Larry Rosen, who is her husband and also a psychologist.,3. Our mobile phones and beepers, which we buy for emergencies,加上逗号,4 just because they may enable people to contact us at places where we are relaxing. 5 Technological changes, which used to come one at a time, now overwhelm us.,去掉逗号,加上which,【高考链接】 Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. (湖南 2010) A. who B. where C. when D. which,A,2. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. (2010全国卷I) A. which B. where C. what D. that,A,3. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (北京 2010) A. what B. whose C. which D. that,B,4. The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. （江苏 2010） A. that B. it C. what D. which,D,5. Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山东2009) A. who B. which C. when D. that,B,6. All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (安徽2008) A. why B. where C. which D. that,B,
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