资源描述
Cloning,Unit 2,Section Using Language,Unit 2,.词汇过关 1_ (v.) 打；撞击；罢工_ (过去式)_ (过去分词) 2_ (adj.)虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的_ (n.)自负；虚荣心；无意义 3_ (vt.)抵抗、对抗_ (n.)_ (adj.) 4_ (adv.)仅；只；不过_ (adj.) 5_ (n.)装饰_ (vt.) 6_ (vt.)崇拜；爱慕；喜爱_ (n.)崇拜者；赞美者；热爱者,strike,struck,struck/stricken,vain,vanity,resist,resistance,resistant,merely,mere,decoration,decorate,adore,adorer,7_ (adj.)合情理的；讲道理的；公道的_(n.)理由；道理 8_ (n.)假定；设想_ (v.) 9_ (vi.)退休_ (n.),retirement,retire,assume,assumption,reason,reasonable,.短语自查 1end in failure_ 2look back on_ 3develop a disease_ 4put sth. to sleep_ 5(be) bound to (do)_ 6strike. into ones heart_ 7用/对某物进行实验_ 8不时，偶尔_ 9使复生；使复活_,bring back to life,from time to time,experiment with/on sth,以失败告终,回顾,患病,使(动物)无痛苦地死去,一定或注定(做),使刻骨铭心,10白费力气；枉费心机_ 11把传给_ 12状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)_,in good/poor condition,pass on.to.,in vain,.经典句式 1Diversity in a group means having animals _. 群体的多样性是指这群动物的基因要以不同的方式排列。 2So _ is merely a dream! 所以说恐龙回归地球的可能性仅仅是个梦想罢了！ 3It _ unfair to clone any extinct animals if they _ to live in a zoo. 任何绝种的动物，如果一经克隆便注定要生活在动物园里的话，那是不公平的。,答案：1.with their genes arranged in different ways 2.the chances of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth 3.would be；were,.语篇理解 Read the text and choose the best answer according to the text 1. The writer of the text_. Ais excited by the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct animals Bbelieves that extinct animals can be brought back to life by cloning Cthinks it impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals like dinosaurs Ddreams of dinosaurs returning to the earth,2The film Jurassic Park is popular because_. Apeople are interested in the subject of cloning Ball the actors are dinosaurs Cit was directed by a scientist who clones dinosaurs Dit proves very interesting 3Which of the following is TRUE? A. Mice were cloned in 1981. B. Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal. C. The name of the cloned cow is “Bison” D. China was successful in cloning twin calves.,4The reasons why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do NOT include_. Athey have the same arrangement of genes Bthere isnt enough diversity in the group for them to overcome illnesses Cthe illness is a new one Dtheir arrangement of genes cannot resist that new disease 答案：14.CADC,1.strike v. & n. 打；击；撞击；碰撞；袭击；突击 He struck the table with his fist. 他用拳头击打桌子。 vi. & n. 罢工 The coal miners struck for better safety conditions. 煤矿工人通过罢工要求改善安全条件。,vt. 突然想到；猛地意识到；打动；给印象；让觉得 An awful thought has just struck me. 刚才我脑子突然闪过一个可怕的想法。 She strikes me as a very efficient person. 在我眼里，她是个很干练的人。 v. (钟)敲；鸣；报时 The church clock just struck twelve. 教堂时钟刚刚敲过12点。,知识拓展 striker n. 罢工的人 striking adj. 引人注意的 be/go on strike 罢工 It strikes sb. that. 某人突然想起 strike. into ones heart 使某人感到 注意：strike可作名词，也可作动词，词义和用法都很丰富，其中作“罢工，突然想到，给印象”解时的用法是高考常考点；此外，还应注意strike作“打，袭击”时与hit，beat等词的区别。,比较网站 beat，hit，strike,图解助记,活学活用 (1)用strike，beat或hit的正确形式填空 Fortunately，the stone failed to_him. He_a match and lighted a candle. My heart was_fast. 答案：hit/strike struck beating,(2)The film was so interesting that it_great impression into the audiences hearts. Aapproved Bpublished Cstruck Dinformed 答案：C 句意：这部电影很有趣，给观众留下了深刻的印象。strike.into ones heart“使刻骨铭心”，是固定短语。approve“赞成；认可；批准”；publish“出版；发行”；inform“告知；通知”。,2resist vt.抵抗；对抗；忍住 She cant resist the hot weather any more. 她再也无法忍受这么热的天气了。 She couldnt resist laughing when she saw that young man. 当她看到那个年轻人的时候，她忍不住笑了起来。,知识拓展 be hard/impossible to resist 难以拒绝 resist sb./sth. 抵抗/抵制某人/某物 cant/couldnt resist doing sth. 禁不住干某事 resist doing sth. 抵制干某事 resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的 be resistant to 对有抵抗力 resistance n. 抗拒；反对；抵抗力,活学活用 (1)完成句子 I dont know_ _ _ _ _(怎样抑制我的愤怒)。 I was unable to_ _(忍不住哭了) The crops are better_ _ _(抗病方面更好) 答案：how to resist my anger resist crying at resisting diseases,(2)Cant you keep still? Is it so funny? Sorry. I can hardly resist _. Alaughing Bto laugh Ccrying Dto cry 答案：A resist doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“抵制做某事，忍住不做某事”，再结合关键词funny可知A项符合题意。,1.from time to time 不时；偶尔 From time to time a helicopter flew by. 空中不时地有直升机飞过。 The food safety accidents happen from time to time. 食品安全事故时不时地发生。 While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。,知识拓展 常见time短语有： at one time 从前(某个时候)；曾经；一度 at a time 每次；一次 at all times 总是；永远 for the time being 暂时 in no time 很快；立刻 at no time 在任何时候都不；决不 in time 及时；迟早；过了一段时间 at one time 有个时期；曾经；一度 all the time 一直；始终,take ones time 不着急；慢慢来 kill time 消磨时间 at the same time 同时 ahead of time 提前；提早 race against time 争分夺秒 time and again 一次又一次；重复地 keep time (钟表)走得准,活学活用 (1)完成句子 Even though the Smiths have moved to a faraway place，we still see them_ _ _ _(不时) 答案：from time to time,(2)Though he is a good student，he makes mistakes_. Aat one time Bat a time Cfrom time to time Din no time 答案：C 句意：尽管他是一名好学生，但偶尔也会犯错。from time to time“不时；偶尔”，符合题意。at one time“曾经；一度”；at a time“一次”；in no time“立刻；马上”,2bring back to life 使复生；使复活 It is impossible to bring a dead person back to life. 让一个人死而复生是不可能的。 知识拓展 bring sb./sth.to life 使更有趣、更生动；给以活力；使苏醒 come to life变得活跃；变得有趣；苏醒过来 come to oneself(昏迷后)苏醒过来；醒悟过来 A great actor can bring a character to life. 一个伟大的演员能让角色生动起来。,活学活用 完成句子 (1)In theory，cloning can_ _ _ _ _ _ _(使一些绝迹的动物复活) (2)The new teacher_ _ _ _ _ _(使我们的课堂恢复了生气) 答案：(1)bring some extinct animals back to life (2)brought our class back to life,3in vain 白费力气；枉费心机 He tried to save his son from drowning, but in vain. 他试图救他儿子免于溺死，但是徒然。 All their attempts were in vain. 他们所有的尝试都是徒劳。 The police searched in vain for the missing gunman. 警察搜寻那个失踪的持枪歹徒，但徒劳无获。 注意：in vain“徒劳，白费力气”，用于句首时句子要用倒装结构。 He tried in vain to memorize the poem. In vain did he try to memorize the poem. 他怎么背都没办法把那首诗背出来。,知识拓展 vain adj.虚荣的；徒劳的；自负的 try in vain to do sth.枉费心机地做某事 They made vain attempts to reach the mountain top. 他们几次尝试登上山顶都失败了。 He tried in vain to stop smoking. 他怎么努力也无法戒掉烟。,活学活用 (1)翻译句子 过分的赞扬会使人自高自大。 _ 答案：Too much praise can make a man vain.,(2)His efforts to raise money for his program were_because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. Ain place Bin sight Cin effect Din vain 答案：D 句意：他为自己的项目筹款的努力付诸东流了，因为没有人愿意掏腰包。in vain表示“枉费心机；徒劳无益；白费力气”。,4in good/poor condition 状况好/差 The house was in poor condition. 这所房子状况不佳。 My car is old but in good condition. 我的车虽旧，但状况良好。 Keepers said the pandas were in good condition. 饲养员说大熊猫的状态良好。,知识拓展 on condition that 在的条件下；倘若 I will go abroad on condition that I earn enough money. 如果我挣到足够的钱，我就出国。 in condition 健康状况好；保存得好 out of condition 健康状况不好；保存得不好 on this/that condition 在这个/那个条件下 in good shape (植物)状态良好；(指人)身体健康 注意：condition表示“条件；疾病”时为可数名词；表示“健康状况；可使用状况”时为不可数名词；表示“形势；环境”时多用复数形式。,活学活用 (1)His father was in poor_，who had drunk far too much whiskey. Acondition Benvironment Csituation Dposition 答案：A 句意：他父亲身体状况很糟糕，他喝了太多的威士忌。in poor condition“(健康)状况很坏”，符合题意。environment“环境”；situation“情形；境遇”，一般指大范围的外部的事态；position“位置；职位”。,(2)I agree to his suggestion_the condition that he drops all charges. Aby Bin Con Dto 答案：C 句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有指控。on the condition that起连词作用，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以为条件”。,1.The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts. 在侏罗纪公园这部影片中，一位科学家克隆了几种已绝种的恐龙。类似侏罗纪公园的电影很受欢迎证明了这一想法让人觉得既恐惧又兴奋。 本句的主干是The popularity.proves.，句中how引导宾语从句；主句中又包含in which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Jurassic Park。,The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很有名。 There are sixty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有60个学生，大多数来自大城市。 注意：“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句一般根据三个原则来确定介词：根据从句的谓语动词；根据先行词；根据句子意思。但也有许多考题需要我们把从句补充完整，建立与主句的联系，才能找到这个介词与句中其他部分的关系。,活学活用 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. Afor which Bwith which Cof which Dto which 答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：她带领游客参观这家博物馆。这家博物馆的建设历经三年多才完工。定语从句中whose名词of whichthe名词the名词of which，由此可知答案为C项。,2Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. 种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因要以不同的方式排列。 (1)本句是简单句，动名词短语having animals.作means的宾语，with复合结构(即“with宾语宾补”结构)作后置定语，arrange与their genes为动宾关系。 (2)with复合结构的构成：,(3)with复合结构的用法： 作定语 She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. 她看到一条两岸长着红花和绿草的小溪。 作状语 She left the office with tears in her eyes. 她眼里含着泪，离开了办公室。(表示伴随状况) With his key lost，he couldnt get into the office. 由于钥匙丢了，他进不了办公室。(表示原因),The children began to watch TV with the homework done. 孩子们完成作业以后开始看电视。(表示时间) Id like to see the new film with time permitting. 如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。(表示条件) The battle ended with the enemy defeated. 战斗结束了，敌人被打败了。(表示结果),巧学助记 with 复合结构用法口诀 with结构并不难，with后面宾语连， 动宾关系用过分，主谓关系用现分， 将来要把不定跟，还有三种形副介。,活学活用 (1)用所给动词的适当形式填空 With so many essays_(write)，he wont have time to go shopping this morning. He felt more uneasy with the whole class_(stare)at him. 答案：to write staring,(2)With a growing number of college graduates_themselves to belong to the lower levels of society，experts suggest that students lower their expectations of the job market. Aconsidered Bconsidering Cto consider Dto be considered 答案：B 句意：面对自认处于较低社会层次的大学毕业生人数的增加，专家们建议大学生们应该降低对就业市场的期望值。在with复合结构中，graduates与consider为主动关系，因此用动词ing形式作宾语补足语。,3It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo. 任何绝种的动物，如果一经克隆便注定要生活在动物园里的话，那是不公平的。 本句是虚拟条件句，且表示的是与将来事实相反的假设。虚拟条件句在不同虚拟条件下，主从句谓语形式一览表：,If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，会议将延期。 If I had lots of money, I would buy a car. 如果我有很多钱，我就买一辆小汽车。 If he had won the game, he would not have been so sad. 如果他赢得比赛的话，他就不会那么悲伤。,注意：若条件从句中含有were，had，should等，可将if去掉，并把were，should或had提到主语前。 Had you studied hard, you would have passed the exam. 如果你努力学的话，你早已通过考试了。 Should I not take the exam tomorrow, I would go for a picnic with you. 如果明天不考试的话，我就和你一起去晚餐。,活学活用 (1)(2014北京)We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. Aare Bwere Cwill be Dwould be 答案：D 考查虚拟语气。根据从句的时态可知，空格处表示对现在情况的假设，再结合if虚拟句的特点可知D项正确。句意：要是你没有把地图弄丢了的话，我们现在就已经回到旅馆了。,(2)(2014福建)_ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. AWere there BHad there been CIf there are DIf there have been 答案：A 考查虚拟语气的倒装。根据主句中的would have to wait可知，空格处应表示对现在情况的假设，故从句用一般过去式；另外，当if从句中含有be动词were及助动词had时，可以把主语和if省略，同时把were或had提前，构成倒装句。句意：如果没有现代化的电信设施的话，我们将不得不等候好几周的时间来获得来自世界各地的消息。,(3)(2013江苏30)I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious. Athought Bwould think Chad thought Dhave thought 答案：C 考查虚拟语气。句意：我本不应该笑的，如果想到你是严肃的。由主句should not have laughed可以看出，与过去事实相反，所以if引起的条件状语从句用过去完成时。故选C项。,4Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years. 就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些已经绝种超过一万年的动物。 过去分词短语based on.作状语。介词on后接what引导的宾语从句。句中that引导定语从句，先行词为animals。过去分词作状语的用法主要有：,作原因状语，相当于as，since，because引导的从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。 Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.(Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective.) 有了著名的侦探的指点，这位年轻的女士不再害怕了。,作时间状语(相当于when引导的状语从句。如果两个动作同时发生，可在分词前用when，while等使其时间意义更明确。) When heated, water can be changed into steam. 水加热后可以变成蒸汽。 Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last. 在讨论了多次之后，问题终于解决了。(过去分词既表被动又表完成) Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。(过去分词只表被动),作条件和假设状语(相当于if，unless引导的从句) Given more time, we can finish the task on time. 如果被给更多的时间，我们能按时完成这项任务。 作方式或伴随情况状语 The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. 猎人离开了屋子，后面跟着他的狗。 She sat by the window, lost in thought. 她坐在窗前，陷入沉思。,注意：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)，这种结构称为独立主格结构。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。(All our savings gone是含有过去分词的独立主格结构) He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进屋内。(his face covered with sweat是包含过去分词的独立主格结构),活学活用 (1)(2014天津)Clearly and thoughtfully _， the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. Awriting Bto write Cwritten Dbeing written 答案：C 考查非谓语动词。句意：因为清晰周到地被写出来，这本书鼓舞了想寻找自己答案的学生的自信心。the book与write之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故排除A、B项；此处不表示正在进行。故排除D项。,(2)_ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. ABased BBasing CBase DTo base 答案：B 考查非谓语动词。you与base之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表主动。句意：如果凭情感而不是理智作出这个决定，你迟早会后悔的。,5So the chances of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream! 所以说恐龙回归地球的可能性仅仅是个梦想罢了！ dinosaurs ever returning to the earth 为“动名词的复合结构”，在句中作介词of的宾语。动名词带上自己的逻辑主语，就构成了动名词的复合结构。其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格或名词代替。在句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。,Would you mind my/me opening the window? 我打开窗子你介意吗？ He insisted on his sons/his son going to college. 他坚持让他儿子上大学。 知识拓展 (1)动名词复合结构作主语或动名词本身为being时，用“物主代词/名词所有格v.ing” Marys coming late made her teacher Mr. Smith quite angry. 玛丽的迟到使她的老师史密斯先生非常生气。,(2)动名词的逻辑主语为无生命的东西时，用“普通格ving” Is there any hope of our team winning the game? 我们的球队有获胜的希望吗？ (3)有生命的名词但表示泛指意义，用“普通格ving” Have you ever heard of women playing football? 你听说过妇女踢足球的事吗？,(4)两个以上的有生命的名词并列时，用“普通格ving” Do you remember my brother and me coming to see you the other day? 你记得我弟弟和我前几天来看你那件事吗？ (5)动名词的逻辑主语为复数名词时，用“普通格ving” There are many reasons for animals dying out. 动物灭绝有多种原因。,(6)动名词的逻辑主语被其他成分说明或修饰时，用“普通格v.ing” Have you heard of Miss Gao, our English teacher, going to the USA? 你听说我们的英语教师高老师要去美国吗？,活学活用 (1)It is difficult to imagine his_the decision without any consideration. Aaccept Baccepting Cto accept Daccepted 答案：B 句意：很难想象他竟然不假思索就接受了这个决定。imagine 后只能接动名词(或动名词的复合结构)作宾语，不能接不定式作补语(即：imagine sb. to do sth.句式不存在)。,(2)_the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. AThe president will attend BThe president to attend CThe president attend DThe presidents attending 答案：D 句意：总统亲自参加会议给了他们莫大的鼓舞。本题考查动名词的复合结构作主语，必须采用“名词的所有格v.ing的形式”。,写作指导 如何写辩论报告 .写作策略探究 这类文章要求用一定的理由来说明自己对事物或问题的见解，属于议论文的范畴。写作时要注意以下几点：,单 元 写 作,1篇章特点 议论文是一种以议论为主要表达方式的文体。就是摆事实、讲道理，并要求通过多方面的分析，把道理说通、说透。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，有实际意义，恰当地综合运用各种表达方式；论据的基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型；论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。,2注意事项 写作时应注意： 第一，要提出正确鲜明的论点。一般来说，要把论点写在篇首或段首，这样能起到纲举目张的效果，让读者读起来更容易把握文章思路。 第二，要重视论据这一关的阐述。论据就是用来证明论点的事实和道理。要有足够的论据，可以列举生活的实例来证明论点。,第三，论证是议论文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的议论，只有通过论证证明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。,3写作形式 此类作文一般有两种写法。 (1)文章分三部分进行论述： 第一部分：提出论点 第二部分：给出论据 第三部分：得出结论 (2)文章分四部分进行论述 第一部分：说明辩论的主题、参与者等 第二部分：列举正方的观点及其理由 第三部分：列举反方的观点及其理由 第四部分：阐明自己的观点,4常见的写作用语 总结： There are different opinions among people as to. We had a heated discussion about. Different people hold different opinions. Opinions are divided. People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards. People have different opinions on this problem. People take different views on this question.,表达不同观点： . of them hold the opinion that. . of them are in favour of the idea that. People who are for/against the idea think. Some people believe that. Others argue that.,不同观点之间的衔接用语： However, . of them hold a different view./. of them hold the opposite opinion. People who are against it dont think so. However, each coin has two sides. Different from those., . people think On the other hand, . people object that and, as well as, also. besides, in addition, moreover, whats more. unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand.,话题导入 请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。 人们对于是否该用动物进行实验持有不同意见。请你就此用英语写一篇辩论性的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。,注意：词数120个左右。,写作词汇热身 赞成_ 对非常重要_ 该受责备_ 在某人看来_ 答案：in favour of be vital for be to blame in ones opinion,写作表达练习 Whether it is fair or not to animals is still an open question.(用it作形式主语改写句子) _ _ _ Scientists cant develop new kinds of medicine to save people from painful diseases and death if they dont do animal testing.(用“only状语”引起倒装句式改写句子) _ _,We must control the number of animals that are used in the scientific research.(用分词作定语改写句子) _ _ 答案：It is still an open question whether it is fair or not to animals. Only by doing animal testing can scientists develop new kinds of medicine to save people from painful diseases and death. We must control the number of animals used in the scientific research.,参考范文 Nowadays animal testing is widely used; however, it is still an open question whether it is fair or not to animals. Some people are in favour of animal testing. They think it is vital for modern science and medicine. Scientific progress is impossible without animal testing. We will not have a lot of new drugs if animal testing is forbidden. Others are against animal testing.When animals die during the experiment，no one is to blame. It is cruel and unfair to animals.,In my opinion，although animal testing is cruel, it is essential. Only by doing animal testing can scientists develop new kinds of medicine to save people from painful diseases and death. But we must control the number of animals used in the scientific research.,.单词拼写 1Do you think its_(合情理的) to expect people to work more than 60 hours a week? 2He couldnt_(抗拒) showing off his new car. 3So the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is_(仅) a dream. 4She was punished for driving above the_(规定) speed. 5The problem has been_(困扰) me for weeks. 6They have just finished the_(装饰) of the bathroom.,7Every servant will_(退休) from his position at the age of 60. 8Many cases are handled without strictly following legal_(程序) in China. 9The teacher is capable of making complicated problems_(简单) for the students to accept easily. 10_(反对) to smoking is taken by most people. 答案：1.reasonable 2.resist 3.merely 4.regulation 5bothering 6.decoration 7.retire 8.procedure 9straightforward 10.Objection,.选词填空 1To avoid accidents，its important to check that all your tools are_before starting. 2All the doctors efforts were_and the man soon died. 3_a helicopter flew by，but mostly the sky remained clear.,4If you worked hard，you should_succeed. 5My father died last yearI wish I could_him_. 6Such a mistake would perhaps_disastrous consequences. 7Many people_starvation during famines every year. 8She_that no matter what happen she would stay there.,9Even an experienced climber can_trouble. 10The demonstration_a violent clash with the police. 答案：1.in good condition 2.in vain 3.From time to time 4.be bound to 5.bring；back to life 6.lead to 7.die of 8.made up her mind 9.get into 10.ended in,
展开阅读全文