资源描述
PK中考 英语安徽 专题十 动词的时态和被动语态,（一）动词的时态,考情回顾,1.动词时态是安徽中考单项填空的必考点，考查的对象为一般过去时、一般将来时和进行时。 2.完形填空没有考查动词时态的题。,在2017年安徽英语中考中， 1.单项填空仍然会有1至2道题考查动词时态，考查对象可能是一般将来时、进行时或一般过去时。 2.完形填空估计不会考查动词时态。,命题趋向,中考名题体验,1.（2016年黄石） Why does the earth look blue in space? Because most of the earths surface _ by water. A.covers B.is covered C.cover D.are covered 2. （2016年北京） Where did you go last weekend? I to the Great Wall. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 3.（2016年广东）With the development of science and technology, robot cooks_in our families in the future. A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. were appearing,B,B,C,语法探究,一、 动词的时态,1.一般现在时 （1）一般现在时的用法 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park.我经常在公园散步。 These T-shirt are new.这些T恤是新的。 表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。,在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 If it doesnt rain tomorrow，I will go bike riding in the open air.如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。,（2）一般现在时的构成 在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。,2.一般过去时 （1）一般过去时的用法 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday, last week, in 2015, three days ago,the other day，just now，at the moment ，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。 What did you do yesterday?昨天你做了什么？ I went swimming.我去游泳了。,表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike.我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 （2）一般过去时的基本结构 实义动词 肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其他. I went to the cinema yesterday.我昨天看了电影。 否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+其他。 I didnt （go） to the cinema yesterday.我昨天没看电影。,go,一般疑问句及其回答：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答No，主语+didnt/did not. Did you go to the cinema yesterday？你昨天去了看电影吗？ Yes，I did./No,I didnt.是的，我去了。/不，我没去。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ Where did you go yesterday?你昨天去了哪儿？ I went to the cinema yesterday.我昨天去了看电影。, be 动词 肯定句：主语+ was/were +其他. I was at home yesterday.我昨天在家。 否定句：主语+wasnt/werent+其他. I wasnt at home yesterday.我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was+主语+其他？ Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？ Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.是的，我在家。/不，我不在家。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+were/was+主语+其他？ Where were you yesterday?你昨天在哪？ I was at home yesterday.我昨天在家。,（3）一般过去时的构成,3.一般将来时 （1）一般将来时的用法 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有tomorrow，next week，in a few days,in 2018 ,two days later等。 They will go to the cinema tomorrow.他们明天去看电影。 表示将来的意愿、决心、许诺、命令 I will do my best to catch up with them。我将会尽最大的努力赶上他们。 Shall I open the door？我能打开门吗？,（2）一般将来时的构成 will/shall +动词原形 / be going to +动词原形 拓展：be going to +动词原形的用法 表示打算或计划将来要做的事。 I am going to Beijing next week.我打算下周去北京。 表示根据迹象表明将要发生的事。 It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨了。,4.现在进行时 （1）现在进行时的用法 表示现在（说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。 He is reading at the school library.他正在图书馆看书。 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr Green is writing another novel these days.这些日子格林先生正在写另一本书。 已经确定或安排好的将来的活动。 I am leaving for Qingdao next week.我打算下周去青岛。,（2）现在进行时的构成 由be动词（am，is，are）+动词的现在分词构成。现在分词的构成规则如下表。,5.过去进行时 （1）过去进行时用法 表示在过去某个时间点正在发生的事情。 What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday morning?昨天上午九点她在做什么？ 在复合句中，如果主句和从句动作都是延续性的或同时发生的，那么都可以用过去进行时。 When I saw him,he was cleaning his room.当我看见他的时候，他正在打扫房间。 （2）过去进行时的构成 过去进行时由be 动词（was，were）+动词的现在分词构成。,6.过去将来时 （1）过去将来时的用法 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时多用于宾语从句。 He said （that）he would ring me up at six.他说他将在6点钟给我打电话。,（2）过去将来时的构成 would+动词原形 拓展：过去将来时也可用was/were going to+动词原形表达。 She asked me if I was going to send the letter.他问我是否去寄信。,7.现在完成时 （1）现在完成时的用法 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have already had a rest.我已经休息了一会儿了。 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要继续持续下去，常和“for+时间段”“since+时间点”连用。 He has been away for two days.他已经离开两天了。,（2）现在完成时的构成 由 have/has +-ed分词构成 （3）现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 两者都可以表示在过去发生并完成的动作。如果强调对现在的影响，就用现在完成时；如果不强调对现在的影响，而是强调动作发生的过去时间，就用一般过去时。,（4）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如“for+时间段“，“since+时间点“ I have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我在这个城市已生活了40多年。 与already, never, ever, just等过去的时间状语连用 I have already found my book.我已经找到我的书了。 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。,8.过去完成时 （1）过去完成时的用法 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。通常与by, before连用。 We had learned 5,000 words by the end of last month.到上个月底，我们已经学了5000个单词。 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally ca-me. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 （2）过去完成时的构成 had +动词的过去分词,（二）动词的被动语态,考情分析,1.安徽中考对被动语态的考查可能性较低。但在2016年又再次出现1道考查被动语态的题。 2.完形填空没有考查被动语态。,在2017年安徽英语中考中： 1.单项填空可能会有1道题考查被动语态。 2.完形填空不会考查被动语态。,命题趋向,语法探究,一、 动词的被动语态,1.被动语态的用法 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 The watch is made in China. 这块手表是在中国制造的。 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 More trees must be planted every year。每年必须种更多的树。,需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，常用被动语态。常用句型： It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is （well）known that 众所周知,2.被动语态的构成,3.被动语态的特殊形式 主动句中感官动词see，hear，watch，feel 等和使役动词make，let，have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态是应加上不定式的符号to。 The great news made her feel happy.she was made to feel happy by the great news.这好消息使她很高兴。,主动表被动。 a.feel，look，sound，smell，taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。 The air in the forest smells very fresh after rain.雨后森林的空气闻起来很清新。 b.wash，clean，cook，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，write，sell，drive等和well ，easily搭配时，用主动形式。 My coat washes easily.我的外套洗起来很容易。,在need，require ，want，worth，deserve后跟动名词表示被动意义。 His bike need mending.他的自行车需要修一下。 特殊结构“make oneself heard /understood”和“have sth.done”结构中。 I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天剪头了。,专项集训,1. The geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth around the sun. A. moves B. moved C. has moved D. was moving 2. Shall we go shopping now? Sorry, I cant. I my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing 3. Who broke that window? I . A. do B. did C. had D. broke,A,D,B,4. I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. Oh, I am sorry. I dinner at my friends home. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had 5. Frank to see his grandma if he free tomorrow. A. will come, will be B. comes, is C. will come, is D. comes, will be 6. Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. Really? Where he ? A. has, gone B. will, go C. did, go D. does, go,C,C,B,7.Attention, please! There _ a basketball game between our class and Class 5. A.has B.is going to be C.will have D.is going to have 8.When _ this kind of car_ ？ Three years ago. A.did; produce B.was; produced C.is; produced D.does; produce 9.My aunt is a writer.She _ more than ten books since 1980. A.writes B.wrote C.has written D.will write,B,A,C,10.Driving after drinking wine _ in China. A.allows B.doesnt allow C.is allowed D.isnt allowed 11.Its difficult for village children to cross the river to school. I think a bridge _ over the river. A.should be built B.will build C.is built D.was built 12.So far this year, many new houses _ in Wenchuan with the help of the government. A.build B.are built C.will build D.have been built,D,D,A,
展开阅读全文