动词不定式的被动语态.ppt

Unit 2 Robots Grammar,动词不定式的被动语态,to do (不定式的主动） = be done（被动态结构） to be done (不定式的被动态）,二、动词不定式的被动语态 1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式： 1）一般式 （not/never ）to be done 2）完成式 （not/ never） to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）,2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1) 做主语（常用it做形式主语） To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. 2) 做表语 The party is to be held next Saturday evening. 明年, 这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。,It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by .,3) 做宾语 She didnt like to be treated as a child.,4) 做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.,5）做定语 What a victory to be envied by those women! 受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利！,6）做状语 He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out. 他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知 所有的票都卖完了。,3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 1) 不定式作后置定语，主语是不定式的逻辑主语， 与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系 He has nothing to eat. 分析： eat 动nothing宾 / he 主eat 谓 I have a lot of homework to do. 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。,The elegant lady had something to declare., 比较： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter) I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为： I get sb. to type the letter), 注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时， 不定式则必须用被动式。,3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do” 中， 主语也是 不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是 动宾关系。 This question is easy to answer. （分析：answer (动)-this question （宾） 注意： 如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。 John is difficult to deal with. （分析：_(动)-_(宾)） 如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。 这题目很难算出来。,deal with,John,The armchair is comfortable to sit in,The question is difficult to work out,4. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被 动式来修饰主语，区别不大。 There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式) 没有什么可担心的。,There is nothing to worry about.,5.不定式 to blame , to let 做表语时通常用主动表示被动。 Who is to blame? The house is to let.,