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第7讲 情态动词和虚拟语气,考点1 情态动词表示推测 【典例】1. (2015陕西高考)You_feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it. A. should B. need C. shall D. may 【解析】选D。句意: 你或许觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间, 但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激自己做过的一切。may(不确定)可能。,2. (2015重庆高考)You_be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall 【解析】选A。句意: 你一定是卡萝尔。这么多年你几乎没什么变化。根据语境可知, 此处表示肯定的推测, 故用must“一定”。,3. (2014大纲版全国卷)Although you_find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 【解析】选D。句意: 虽然在伦敦你有时能买到便宜的东西, 但是总体上说伦敦是一个购物很贵的地方。can除了表示“能”, 还可以表示“有时会”, 强调理论上的客观可能性。,4. (2013安徽高考)It_be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt 【解析】选B。句意: 根本不可能是词汇造成了你练习中的问题, 因为你掌握了许多单词。根据句意可知本题考查的是对现在的否定推测, 故选B。,5. (2013天津高考)No one_be more generous, he has a heart of gold. A. could B. must C. dare D. need 【解析】选A。句意: 没有人能比他更慷慨大方, 他拥有一颗金子般高尚的心灵。could可能; must必须, 一定(表示非常肯定的猜测, 不用于否定句)。,【解题技巧】 1. 掌握情态动词表示推测的基本用法。 (1),注意: could, should, might不一定和过去时间有关, 而是表示可能性弱于与其相应的现在时形式。 mustnt不表示推测, 而表示“禁止, 不允许”。 (2)should/ought to表示“应当, 应该(表义务、责任)”。 ought to与should意思大体相同, 但ought to语气比should重, 往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”。,2. 确定被猜测时间, 正确判断动词时态形式。 对现在或将来的情况进行猜测, 用“情态动词+do”的形式; 对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行猜测, 用“情态动词+be doing”的形式。例如: He may/might come tomorrow. (将来) He may/might know it. (现在) He may/might be waiting for you now. (现在进行) He may/might be waiting for you when you get there tomorrow. (将来进行),考点2 情态动词表示请求、允诺、允许、要求或能力 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)It was so noisy that we_hear ourselves speak. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 【解析】选A。句意: (环境)这么嘈杂, 以至于我们都听不到自己说话。couldnt不能, 不会; shouldnt不应该; mustnt不许, 不可以; neednt不需要。根据句意可知A正确。,2. (2014北京高考)_I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should 【解析】选A。句意: 我能和你说句话吗? 不会花费太长时间。此处can相当于may, 在疑问句中表示征求对方的同意。,【易错误区】用can, may还是用shall (1)误导原因: shall也可以用在疑问句中, 表示征求对方的意见。 (2)去伪存真: can/may表示“征求对方的同意”, 意为“行不行, 可以不可以”; shall只表示愿意按对方的指示去做。因此本题应选A。,3. (2013江西高考)When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to. A. should B. could C. must D. need 【解析】选B。句意: 当我是一个孩子的时候, 无论什么时候想看电视都可以。could在此表示“可以”。,【解题技巧】 1. can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事或征求意见, 意为“能, 可以”。can在肯定回答could的提问时也可以表示允许或许可。could比can的语气要委婉礼貌一些。 2. will/would表示请求、建议, 用在问句中时would语气比较委婉。 3. shall用于一、三人称之后, 疑问句中, 表示征求对方意见; 用于二、三人称之后, 陈述句中, 表示给对方以许诺、命令、警告、威胁或在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。,4. can和be able to都可以表示能力。can泛指一般的能力, 而且只有can和could两种形式; be able to则主要指具体做到了某件事的能力, 即经过努力成功地做成了某事, 其形式主要是靠be发生变化。 5. 在回答有could, might和would的疑问句时, 要用can, may和will。,考点3 情态动词的其他含义 【典例】1. (2015北京高考)Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late. I really_go now. My daughter is home alone. A. may B. can C. must D. dare 【解析】选C。句意: 你不能再多待会儿吗? 很晚了, 我现在必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。must必须, 必然要, 必定会。,2. (2015四川高考)You_be careful with the camera. It costs! A. must B. may C. can D. will 【解析】选A。根据下文的It costs可知, 照相机很昂贵, 故选择A, 意为“你一定要小心使用这台照相机, 它很昂贵”。,3. (2014江苏高考)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could 【解析】选C。句意: 让我觉得难过的是他们本身就很穷, 竟然还给我带来食物。should表示惊讶, 意为“竟然”, 符合句意。,4. (2014四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A. might B. must C. would D. should 【解析】选C。句意: 我仍然记得我的快乐童年, 那时母亲在周末常常带我去迪斯尼乐园。根据at weekends可知是过去经常性的行为, would表示“过去常常”。,5. (2014重庆高考)Ive ordered some pizza, so we_worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. cant B. dare not C. neednt D. may not 【解析】选C。句意: 我已经订了一些比萨饼, 所以当我们到家疲惫时就不必担心做饭的事了。根据Ive ordered some pizza可知, 做饭就没有必要了。,【解题技巧】 掌握情态动词的特殊用法: 1. can和could可以表示某人或某物一时的特点, 可以翻译为“有可能, 有时会”。 It can be very warm in this area. 2. cannot/cant与too/enough等词连用, 意思是“越越”“无论怎样也不为过”“决不会够(过)”。 You cant praise him too much.,3. must有一种含义: “偏要”“硬要”。表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或行为是不希望的、不满的甚至是生气的。通常指令人不愉快的事情。must用于第二人称时, 常常含有讽刺挖苦的意思。 Why must you be so late? 4. will表示意愿或固执坚持, 用于非人主语时, 表示固有性质、倾向等; will还可以用在if从句中表示各种“愿望”, 包括“请求, 意愿, 拒绝, 同意, 允许, 能够, 坚持, 选择, 计划”等。 The door wont shut. If you will make another try, I shall do everything possible to help you.,5. may/might as well表示“最好, 还是的好, 不妨”。 It may be as well to stop that child crying.,考点4 情态动词+have done的用法 【典例】1. (2015福建高考)Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh, its too bad. You_have made full preparations. A. must B. can C. would D. should 【解析】选D。答语后句句意: 你本该做好充分准备的(实际上未准备好)。should have done本应该做而事实上没做; must have done一定做过某事; can have done可能做过某事; would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。,2. (2015天津高考)I_have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldnt 【解析】选C。句意: 来新校前我本没有必要担心的, 因为这里的同学都对我很友好。neednt have done本没有必要做某事。,3. (2014陕西高考)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who _ have taken it? A. need B. must C. should D. could 【解析】选D。句意: 我的书哈迪斯之屋不见了, 谁有可能拿走了呢? need需要; must必须, 表猜测时翻译为“一定”, 只能用于肯定句中; should应该; could表示推测时, 常用于否定句或疑问句中, 翻译为“有可能”。,4. (2013浙江高考)I _ myself moreit was a perfect day. A. shouldnt have enjoyed B. neednt have enjoyed C. wouldnt have enjoyed D. couldnt have enjoyed 【解析】选D。句意: 我玩得再开心不过了这是完美的一天。D项表示不可能做过, 这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级的意思, 故选D。,5. (2013陕西高考)The children_lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get 【解析】选A。句意: 孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了; 否则他们会按照预定时间来到湖边营地的。根据后半句“would have been”可知是对过去事情的虚拟, must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测, 根据句意, 应选A。,【解题技巧】 1. 掌握情态动词+have done的基本用法。,2. 注意事项。 (1)“情态动词+have done”有两层含义: 一是表示对过去情况的推测或说明, 二是表示虚拟语气。 (2)must/may/might+have+done表示推测“可能”, 表示的可能性依次递减。,考点5 条件句及名词性从句中的虚拟语气 【典例】1. (2015江苏高考)It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule. A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known 【解析】选D。从主句中的might have saved可知, 这是与过去相反的虚拟语气, 因此从句谓语动词用had done的形式, 又因助动词为had时, 可将if省掉, had提前, 故D项正确。,2. (2015陕西高考)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I_as well as her. A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced 【解析】选D。句意: 艾伦是个了不起的舞蹈家。我多希望也能和她跳得一样好。wish后面跟从句时, 从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如果是与现在的事实相反, 从句谓语动词要用一般过去时; 与过去的事实相反, 从句谓语动词用过去完成时。分析句子可知此处谈论的是现在的情况, 故谓语动词用一般过去时, 选D。,3. (2015北京高考)If I_it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it. A. didnt see B. werent seeing C. wouldnt see D. hadnt seen 【解析】选D。句意: 如果不是我亲眼看到, 我是不会相信的。根据主句的谓语动词wouldnt have believed可以判断, 事情发生在过去, 所以条件状语从句应该使用过去完成时, 故选D项。,4. (2014天津高考)_the morning train, he would not have been late. A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught 【解析】选D。句意: 要是他赶上早班火车的话, 就不会迟到了。if引导的虚拟语气中, 如果谓语动词含有had, should或者were时, 可以省略if, 把这三个词提前。根据后半句可知此处是对过去的虚拟, 从句用过去完成时。,5. (2014湖南高考)If Mr Dewey_present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A. were B. had been C. should be D. was 【解析】选B。句意: 如果Dewey先生在场, 他会给那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。根据语境及主句中的谓语动词would have offered可知, 主句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 故if从句中的谓语动词应用had been。,6. (2013浙江高考)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is 【解析】选B。句意: 眼科医生建议, 孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该在6个月大时进行。recommend建议, 其宾语从句中用should do表虚拟语气, 且should可以省略。故选B。,【解题技巧】 1. 非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况。,2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1)在“一想要(desire)一宁愿(prefer)一坚持(insist)二命令(order, command)三建议(advise, suggest, propose/recommend)四要求(demand, require, request, ask)”后加的宾语从句中, 无论主句谓语动词为何种时态, 从句的谓语动词都用“should + do”。should可以省略。 (2)动词wish后接宾语从句时, 从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were); 若表示与过去相反的愿望, 从句谓语用过去完成时; 若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望, 用would(could)+动词原形。,(3)在urge, arrange, direct, desire, intend后的宾语从句中, 从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成, 其中的should可以省略。,3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1)表情绪、观点的形容词或名词, 如necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange等用于句型: It is. . . that +主语从句时, 从句的谓语动词常用(should+)动词原形。 (2)在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。,4. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气。 在表示建议、命令、要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用(should+)动词原形。常见名词有: advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order。,考点6 特殊句式中的虚拟语气 【典例】1. (2015安徽高考)It is lucky we booked a room, or we _ nowhere to stay now. A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had 【解析】选C。句意: 我们很幸运地订到了房间, 否则的话, 我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句, or后面是主句, 相当于if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now. 根据“now”可知, 是对现在进行虚拟, 因此用would+动词原形, 故选C。,2. (2015重庆高考)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written 【解析】选D。句意: 没有他战时的经历, 海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了, 武器。根据Without his wartime experiences可知从句表示对过去的否定猜测, 故主句谓语用would/should/could/ might+have+过去分词。,3. (2014浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they_to our help. A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come 【解析】选A。句意: 我们在进行调查研究的几个月期间他们在国外, 要不然他们就来帮助我们了。根据句中的谓语动词were abroad可知描述的是过去的事情, 对过去的假设主句部分用would/could/should/might +have done, 故A项正确。,4. (2014重庆高考)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I_it? A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing 【解析】选A。句意: 是约翰打破的窗户, 你为什么说我啊? 就好像是我做的一样。根据It was John who broke the window. 可知, 打破窗户已发生。as if从句表示与过去事实相反, 谓语动词用过去完成时。如果从句表示与现在事实相反, 谓语动词用一般过去时。,5. (2014陕西高考)We would rather our daughter_at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay 【解析】选C。句意: 我们宁愿女儿跟我们待在家里, 但是那是她的选择, 她已经不再是个孩子了。would rather后跟句子要用虚拟语气, 如果是与现在或者将来的事实相反, 用would rather sb. did; 如果与过去的事实相反, 用would rather sb. had done。根据句意可推知是将来的情况, 故选C。,6. (2013安徽高考)I_to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available. A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone 【解析】选D。句意: 昨晚我本应去参加堂兄的生日晚会, 但是我没空。根据句中last night及but可知本题表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。,【解题技巧】 1. 虚拟条件句中, 如果主句和条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时, 虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 (1)从句的动作与过去事实相反, 而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2)从句的动作与现在事实相反, 而主句的动作与过去事实相反。 If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.,2. 非真实条件句中的条件有时不表达出来, 只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或用其他方式表示出来, 这种句子叫含蓄条件句。在多数情况下, 条件会暗含在短语中, 如without. . . , but for. . . (要不是因为), or, otherwise, but等。 3. would rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟)。 4. It is (high) time (that). . . 句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形, should不可省略。,5. if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟), 表示强烈的愿望。 6. as if引导的状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在的虚拟)或过去完成时(对过去的虚拟), 或用would/could/might+动词原形(对将来的虚拟)。,7. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1)在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中, 若用虚拟语气时, 从句谓语为: (should+)do, 并且should能省略。 She examined the door again for fear that a thief(should)come in. (2)在so that/in order that所引导的目的状语从句中, 从句中的谓语为: can/could/may/might/will/would/should +do。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.,【误区纠偏】 易错点1 情态动词+have done用法混用 We_so much food because Suzie was too busy to be with us for dinner last night. (变式)We_so much food now that Suzie is too busy to be with us for dinner. A. neednt have bought B. need have bought C. didnt need to buy D. need buy,【点拨】 (1)neednt have done sth. 表示“本不需要做某事, 而事实上却做了。” (2)didnt need to do sth. 表示不必要, 而事实上也没有做某事。 (3)根据题句意可知因为Suzie昨晚太忙不会来吃饭, 所以没必要买这么多的食物, 故选C。而由题句意可知既然Suzie太忙不来吃饭, 本没必要买, 言外之意却买了, 可知选A。,易错点2 虚拟语气和陈述语气混用 My son insisted that I_his letter after looking around his study. (变式)My son insisted that I_his letter after he received it from his teacher. A. was reading B. had read C. should read D. have read,【点拨】 (1)题句意: 环视书房后, 我儿子坚持说我看过他的信。insist“坚持说”, 后面用陈述语气; read动作发生在insisted之前, 表示“过去的过去”这一时间概念, 所以用过去完成时, 选B。 (2)题句意: 收到老师的来信后, 我儿子坚持要我看他的信。insist“坚持认为”, 其后的从句中要用(should+)动词原形, 故选C。,易错点3 虚拟语气时间判断错误 I dont know what I_without the suitcase you lent me. Glad to have been of some help to you. (变式)I dont know what I_without the suitcase you will lend me. Thats not the key. A. would have done B. would do C. should have done D. should do,【点拨】 (1)题句意: 我不知道如果没有你借给我的行李箱, 我该怎么办。这里是假设过去的情况, 目前是我得到了别人借给的行李箱, 所以要用虚拟语气, 选A项。 (2)题句意: 我不知道如果没有你将要借给我的行李箱, 我该怎么办。这里是假设将来的情况, 目前我还未得到别人借给的行李箱, 故选D。B项中would应改为will。,
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