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111M7U2 Fit for lifeGrammar and usage学案第一部分：重点讲解短语动词通常以动词为中心，通常由动词加副词或介词构成。英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义，很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的则相当于不及物动词。1 短语动词的构成 （1）动词+副词 clear away清除掉 put away收起 die away消失 call back回电话 look back回顾 walk back走回break down坏了 calm down平静下来 get down咽下come up上来 blow up爆炸 turn up出现show off炫耀 give off散发 take off脱下break out发生 blow out吹灭 run out 用完 （2）动词+介词bring about引起 look about 环顾四周 seek for寻找burst into 闯入 turn into使变成 look into调查 see to 处理 devote to贡献给 deal with处理glance at匆匆一瞥 work at干 aim at向瞄准differ from与不同 result from由于 insist on坚持rely on依靠 bring in引进 hope for希望得到combine with联合 lead to导致，通向 set about着手 (3) 动词+副词+介词 add up to总计 keep away from不靠近look down on轻视keep up with赶上 make up for弥补 get on with相处get close to接近 get out of逃避,避免 do away with废除do well in在干得好 put up with忍受 catch up with赶上look up with仰望,尊敬 run out of用完 look forward togo on with继续 get down to认真开始 break away from2 短语动词使用时须注意的几点(1) 在短语动词中,副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。但是如果宾语是代词，则应放在动词和副词之间。如： The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony. 年轻的恋人一直努力存钱以备举行婚礼时用。 He has put aside a little money for a rainy day. 他积蓄了一点钱以备不时之需。 When you do not understand a new word,you can look it up in this dictionary. 当你不理解新单词的时候，你可以查字典。This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.这种方法相当新，你可以试着用它去解决那个难题。（2）在带有介词的短语动词中，介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。We have brought in a good harvest for three years .我们已经连续三年获得了丰收。Weve just come across an old friend we havent seen for ages.我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.在警察来之前，请勿靠近事故现场。The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holidays.经理要求大家国庆假期之后开始专心工作。（3）有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语，这时他们相当于不及物动词。如：Mr Wangs new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.王先生的新汽车坏了，他不得不又骑自行车去上班。The crowd broke up after the football games.足球比赛结束后，人们四处散开。（4）同一动词，后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词。如：break down坏了；跨了break up拆散；解体；驱散break in闯入；插话 break off忽然停止讲话；断绝break out爆发；逃出break through冲破；突破；战胜不同的动词，后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。make up组成；构成；弥补；编造；化装show up带上楼；出席；露面；揭露hold up举起来；阻塞；耽搁；抑制感情set up创立；建立；树立；资助put up提出；举起；建造take up拿起；举起；开始（某）活动（5）一些短语动词，具有多种释义，需要根据全句语境对他们作出恰当理解。如：Hurry up,children!The plane will take off very soon.(起飞)After entering the room,he took off his coat .(脱下)The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.（休假） The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was dead.(崩溃)Interrupted by hankers,the computer system of that company has broken down.(瘫痪)Negotiations(谈判) between the boss and workers have broken down失败）常见短语： answer for 对。负责 go without 没有也行agree with 同意（某人）hand in交上来agree to同意（建议） have nothing to do with与。无关agree on 达成一致have sth.to do with与。有关aim at瞄准head for朝。去ask for请求helpin在。帮助belong to属于hope for希望得到burst into突然。起来introduce to.把。介绍。begin with以。开始inspirewith以。激励base on根据insist on坚持consist of由。组成interfere with妨碍congratulate on祝贺join sb.in加入某人一起come to an end结束knock at敲（门等）compare to把。比作long for渴望comparewith同。相比look up查阅，向上看care for喜欢，照顾look on/oponas把。看作。change for用。交换learn by heart背会clear up放晴leave for动身区去come across偶然遇到lie in在于call up大电话live on靠。生活，以。为主食call for 要求，需要look through翻阅，浏览call on 拜访（人），号召mix with同。混合call at拜访（地）presentwith赠送cure of治愈persist in坚持depend on依靠putinto practice实施devote to把。用于reply to答复engage in从事rely on依靠end with以。结束recover from恢复get on/off上/下车rob of抢走get on/along进展run over碾过去get ready for准备好result from/in由。引起；导致get in收获remember sb. to带。问好grow up长大set about doing着手做give in让步，投降succeed in 成功。go all out竭尽全力speak of说到go through通过share in分担go over复习share sth.with sb.与某人共同使用第二部分发：练习I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空1 break in /break down/break off/break out/break througha)The old man _in the middle of the story.b)Influenza usually _in winter because of the cold weather.c)The robbers _ and looted (抢劫)the warehouse.（货栈）d)The old washing machine seems to _ again.e)They hope to _ soon in their fight against the disease.2 make up/turn up/set up/take up/put up a)The girl is very quick at _ excuses. b)The young swimmer _ a new record in the backstroke. c)Kate _the piano when she was only five years old. d)The long-lost watch _ down the back of the old table. e)The examination result will _ on this board tomorrow.3 try on/keep an eye on/rely on/insist on/look down on a)British summers are awful and we can not _the weather. b)Will you _ this pair of trousers ? c)We should not _ the young men who havent been to college. d)Would you be kind enough to _the lovely baby for a while? e)Last night his wife _his wearing a black suit for the party.II. 单项填空1. Its ten years since the scientist _on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. made forB. set outC. took offD. turned up2. It is wise to have some money _for age. A. put awayB. kept upC. given away D. laid up3. It was dark and we decided to _for the night at a farm house. A. put awayB. put downC. put upD. put out4. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please _? A. turn it onB. turn it downC. turn it upD. turn it off5. Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ the shocking ending. A. give awayB. give outC. give upD. give off6. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _ it. A. got overB. got on withC. got aroundD. got out of7. We didnt plan out art exhibition like that but it _ well. A. carried outB. tried outC. kept onD. worked out8. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when you have finished with them. A. put onB. put downC. put backD. put off9. Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get overB. get inC. get alongD. get through10. The final examination is coming up soon. Its for us to _ our studies. A. get down to B. get outC. get back forD. get over11. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day. A. takes upB. makes upC. saves upD. puts up12. The village people prevented their cattle from _ the wheat field. A. breaking inB. breaking outC. breaking intoD. breaking away13. For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill _my own business someday. A. turn upB. fix upC. set upD. make up14. Lucy _ a lot of Japanese by playing with the native boys and girls. A. picked upB. took upC. made upD. turned up15.Having decided to rent a flat, we _ getting in touch with some agencies in the city. A. set upB. set downC. set outD. set aboutIII. 翻译下列句子1医生要求这个病人戒掉烟和酒。 _.2. 在入冬前,我们的蔬菜和水果就会吃完._.3. 我认为需要派更多的警察来调查这个案子. _.4. 这个篮球队的每个成员都不应当被歧视. _.第三部分：练习答案I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空1 a)broke off b)breaks out c)broke in d)have broken down e)break through2 a)making up b)set up c)took up d)turned up e)be put up3 a)rely on b)try onc)look down onII. 单项填空1-5 BACCA 6-10 ADCCA 11-15 ACCADIII. 翻译下列句子1 The doctor asked the patient to give up smoking and drinking.2 Our vegetables and fruits will run out before winter.3 I think that more police are needed to look into the case.4. Every member of this basketball team should not be looked down on.111
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