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上册Unit1 The Changing WorldTopic1 Our country has developed rapidly.【重点短语和句型】1.have a good summer holiday暑假过得愉快2.come back from从.回来3.have/has been to去过4.have/has gone to去了5.not.any more再也不.6.take photos照相7.by the way顺便问一下8.take part in参加9.around/all over/throughout the world全世界10.tell sb. something about.告诉某人关于某事11.have/live a happy/hard life过着幸福/艰苦的生活12.describe.in detail详细描述13.give support to支持.14.see.oneself亲眼看见15.keep in touch with与.保持联系16.far away遥远的17.kinds/sorts of各种各样的.18.not only.but also不仅.而且.19.make progress取得进步20.more than/over多于21.develop/improve rapidly迅速发展/改善22.tell sb. (not ) to do sth.告诉某人（别）做某事23.ask sb. (not ) to do sth.要求某人（别）做某事24.in order to do sth.为了做某事25.have to do sth.不得不做某事26. Its +形容词+for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做某事是.的27.why not do sth.为什么不做某事28.succeed/be successful in doing sth.成功地做某事29.dream about doing sth.梦想做某事30.see/hear sb. do/doing sth.看见/听见某人做/正在做某事【重点语法】现在完成时一. 现在完成时的基本结构肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二. 现在完成时的用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。2.现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead buy-have fall ill-be ill come back-be back catch a cold-have a coldTopic2 The population in developing countries is growing faster.【重点短语和句型】1.get lost迷路2.a couple of一些，几个3.with the development of随着.的发展4.with the help of.在.的帮助下5.one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数其中之一/最.的其中之一6.each other互相7.call/ring sb.up给某人打电话8.at least至少9.sth. happen to sb.某人发生某事10.What happened to sb?某人发生某事?11.take place发生12.because of因为，由于13.be strict with sb./in sth.对某人/某事严格要求14.carry out执行15.thousands/millions/hundreds of成千上万/无数的/成百上千.16. two thousand/million/hundred两千/百万/百(具体数字后面不加s)17.half of.一半.18.two thirds三分之二19.be short of短缺.20.so far到目前为止21.be known/famous for因.而闻名22.be known/famous as作为.而闻名23.thanks to幸亏.24.have a long way to go有很长的路要走25.a town called.一个叫做.的镇26.fewer than/less than少于27.places of interest名胜古迹28.be interested in对.感兴趣29.such as例如.30.look/smell/sound/feel/taste+形容词看/闻/听/摸/尝起来.31. such a/an+形容词+sb./sth如此.的人/物32.take sb. to sp带某人去某地33.keep up with赶上34.have fun doing sth.做某事很愉快35.have a population of.有.的人口36.Whats the population of.?.有多少人口？37.want to do sth.想要做某事38.hate to do sth讨厌做某事39.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事40.have(no)chance/time to do sth.有机会/时间做某事41.used to do sth.过去常常做某事42.be used to do sth.被用来做某事43.be/get used to doing sth.习惯做某事44.work well in doing sth.在.方面起到显著作用【重点语法】常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already, just , yet, ever, never, recently.e.g.1. I have justcalled you.2. Have you everbeen to France?No, Ive neverbeen to any European countries.3. Have you seen him yet?Yes, I have seen him already.Topic3 The world has changed for the better.【重点短语】1.with the money用这些钱2.so that为了，以致于3.so.that.如此.以致于.4.in fact/as a matter of fact事实上5.come for a visit来参观6.in need在困难时7.decide on sth.决定某事8.provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物9.feel good about.对.有信心10lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人11.borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物12.at the same time与此同时13.talk on the phone在电话中交谈14.take drugs吸毒15.pay for付款16.buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物17.at home and abroad在国内外18.send sb. to sp.送某人去某地19.send for sb.派人去请某人20.aim to do sth.目的是做某事21.decide(not)to do sth.决定（不）做某事22.finish doing结束做某事23.How do you like./What do you think of.?你觉得.怎么样？24.sb.spend st.in doing sth=It takes sb.st. to do sth.某人花费.时间做某事25.sb.spend some money on sth.=sb.pay some money for sth.某人花费.钱买某物26.so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语表示后者情况与前者一样（表肯定）neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语表示后者情况与前者一样（表否定）27.so +主语+/be/助动词/情态动词表示的确如此【重点语法】1. 现在完成时：常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。e.g. You have been in New York for a long time.The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.2. 构词法:合成词: home +work= homework派生词: useuseful, happyunhappyUnit2 Saving the EarthTopic1Populationcauses too many problems.【重点短语】1. chemical factory 化工厂2. pour into 把排放到3. in a bad mood 处在不好的情绪中4. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事5. do harm to / be harmful to 对有害6. quite a few 相当多7. no better than 同.一样差8. in pubic 公开地9. all sorts of 各种各样的10.in many ways 在许多方面【重点句型】1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.看，有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水。2. Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化。3. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?4. Im always in a bad mood because I cant stand the environment here.我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境。5. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humanshealth.然而，并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且有害于人类健康。【重点语法】直接引语和间接引语1. Granny said, “Im feeling even worse.”Granny said that she was feeling even worse.2. “ Do you still want to live here, Granny?” the journalist asked.The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted to live there.3. “ How is the environment around this place?” the journalist asked.The journalist asked how the environment around that place was.Topic2 Allthese problems are very serious.【重点短语】1. as a result 结果2. here and there 到处3. in the beginning 一开始4. in danger 处于危险中5. cut down 砍倒6. change sth. into sth. 把变成7. prevent from 防止8. greenhouse effect 温室效应9. refer to 提到10. deal with 处理12. cut off 中断【重点句型】1. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。2. Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals. 人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。3. Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away. 树木也能防风固土。4. Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。5. Some things weve done are very good for earth while some are not good.我们所做的，有些对地球很好，而有些不利。6. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。7. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. 天一下雨或刮风，土就会被冲走或刮走。【重点语法】不定代词1. 定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。2. 用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时，通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时，要放在其后。e.g. But the government has done something usefulto protect the environment.Topic3Whatkinds of things can we do to protect the environment?【重点短语】1. not onlybut also 不仅而且2. be supposed to 应该3. ought to 应该4. turn off 关掉5. instead of 代替6. on time 准时7. make sure 确保8. push forward向前推9. push down 向下10. pull up 向上拉【重点句型】1. For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.例如，我们应该用纸的两面，并且重新使用塑料袋。2. Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做。3. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，你离开房间时应该随手关灯。4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。5. Well, actions speak louder than words. 嗯，百说不如一做。6. There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.明天有许多繁重的活要干，今晚一定要早睡。【重点语法】并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, not only but also.e.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.2. They work well, but they are slow and cant run for long.Unit3English Around the WorldTopic1Englishis widely spoken throughout the world.【重点词语】1. be able to=can能够,会2. cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地做某事3. have a (good) chance to do sth. 有(好)机会做某事4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事5. be made by 被制做be made of/from 由制成be made in 在某地制造6. on business 出差7. be similar to 和相似8. translateinto 把翻译成9. have no/some trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事没有/有些困难10. once in a while=sometimes/at times 偶尔,间或11. whenever=no matter when 无论何时12. as well as 以及13. mother tongue 母语14. take the leading position 处于领先地位15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事16. call for 号召【重点句型】1. Disneyland is enjoyed bymillions of people from all over the world. 世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。2. I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。3. Englishiswidely spokenaround the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。4. Itis also spoken as a second languagein many countries.在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。5. It is possible thatyou will have some trouble. 你可能会遇到一些麻烦。6. Its used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand.它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。7. Andtwo thirdsof the worlds scientists read English.并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。【重点语法】一般现在时的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。1. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）其中by意为“被；由”，表动作的执行者。如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。如：English iswidelyspoken around the world. （肯定式）Englishis not widely spokenaround the world. （否定式）-IsEnglish widelyspoken around the world? （疑问式）-Yes, it is./No, it isnt.2. 被动语态的用法：（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。3 主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：(1) People grow rice in the south.Riceis grown (by people) in the south.(2) Shetakes care of the baby.The baby is taken care of (by her).Topic2 Englishis spoken differently in different countries.【重点词语】1. by the way 顺便说一下2. depend on 取决于；依靠3. be different from 与不同4. succeed in 成功，达成5. make yourself understood 表达你自己的意思6. on ones way to 在某人去的路上7. see sb. off 给送行8. leave for前往某地/leavefor 离开去9. in twenty minutes 二十分钟之后10. written English 笔头英语/oral English 英语口语11. generally speaking 一般说来，大致上说12. as for sb./sth. 至于某人/某物13. be close to 靠近14. in person 身体上，外貌上；亲自15. be found of 爱好16. be forced to do sth. 被迫做force sb.to do 强迫某人做某事17. even worse 更糟的是【重点句型】1.Is Australia English the same as British English?澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?2. English is spoken differentlyin differentEnglish-speaking countries.不同的国家使用不同的英语。3.For example, there are differences between British English andAmerican English. 例如，在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。4.I cant believe thatIm flying to Disneyland. 我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。5. I hope I wont have any difficulty. 我希望不会遇到什么困难。6. Wheneveryou need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.无论何时你需要帮忙，给我发电子邮件或打电话。7. Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland. 不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。【重点语法】用现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, dieIm going. 我要走了。When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？Dont worry. The train is arriving here soon. 别着急，火车马上就到了。表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天会见我们。She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。Topic3 Couldyou give us some advice on how to learn Englishwell?【重点短语】1. in public在 公共场所2. at times=sometimes 有时3. feel like doing=would like to do 想要做4. give up sth./doing sth. 放弃5. turn to sb. for help 求助于某人6. give sb. some advice on/about 给某人一些有关的建议7. be weak in 在方面很差/be good at 在方面很好8. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事9. make mistakes 犯错误10. take a deep breath 深呼吸11. the best time to do 做某事最好的时间12. do some listening practice 做些听力训练13. reply to=answer 回答14. advise sb. to do 建议某人做某事（名词advice）【重点句型】1. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A? 在美国，别人能懂得你的话吗？2. I dont know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办？3. At times I feel like giving up. 有时我想要放弃。4. Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea ofthe article. 尽量猜测生词的意思，理解文章的大意。5. I dare not answer questions in class, because Im afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在课堂上回答问题，困为我害怕犯错误。6. Its an honor totalk with all of you. 与在座的各位交谈是我的荣幸。7. But remember to choose the ones that fit you best.但是记住要选择最适合你的一种。8. I insist thatyou practice English every day.我坚持认为你们每天都应该练习英语。9. Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是通往成功的第一步。【重点语法】wh- +to dowh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为wh- +to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说，wh- +to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do.She cant decidewhich to buy.=she cant decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句（由疑问词引导）通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。如：Idont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do.如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)Unit4 Amazing ScienceTopic1 Whenwas it invented?【重点短语】1. go around环绕2. sendinto=send upinto把送入.3. congratulations on sth祝贺某事4. be proud of为而自豪5. be moved by为而感动6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth感谢某人做的某事7. have physical examinations做体检8. in good/bad health处于好（不好）的身体状态9. cant help doing情不自禁做10. take turn to (do sth)轮流（做某事）11. no doubt疑地12. as well as除的之外，也13. for instance/example例如14. work on做（方面）的工作15. depend on/upon依靠，依赖16. turn on打开17. turn off关掉18. turn up 开大19. turn down关小20. click on用鼠标点击21. look forward to doing sth期待做某事【重点句型】1. Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至建造一个空间站。2. Im moved by what Yang Liwei did.我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。3. Generally speaking, we are in good health now.一般来说，我们现在的健康状况良好。4. We couldnt help looking at the earth again and again. 我们忍不住再三地看着地球。5. I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.We took turns to have a rest.一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。6. It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry.这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.毫无疑问，电脑被商业,科技工作者广泛地应用.8. Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”.电脑使得世界变小了，就像一个“村庄”。【重点语法】宾语补足语宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。（一）名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如：1. We call him Jim.（名词）我们叫他吉姆。2. We must keep our school clean every day.（形容词） 我们必须每天保持校园清洁。3. Call him in, please.（副词） 请叫他进来。4. Leave it on the desk.（介词短语） 把它留在课桌上。（二）动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况1. 跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage等。如：Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫简给我们唱支歌。2. 跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感（feel）、二听（listen to, hear）,三让（make, let, have）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）如：Lets have a rest.让我们休息一会儿。但这种结构变成被动语态时，to必须加上。如：He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。3. 跟带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词只有help。如：Can you help me (to) wash my clothes ? 你能帮我洗衣服吗？（三）分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况1. 现在分词作宾语补足语，经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear等。如：I hear somebody singing in the next room.我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。2. 过去介词作宾语补足语，经常表示被动。如：You need to have your hair cut.你需要理发了。Topic2Im excited about the things that will be discovered in the future. 【重点短语】1.beusedfor+ving被用做2.cometrue实现3.Itssaidthat据说4.during/inoneslife某人一生5.beknownas以（身份）而著名6.know/sayforcertain确切知道/肯定地说7.allthetime一直，总是8.nolonger=notanylonger不再=(nomore,notanymore)9.aslongas只要10.asfaras就，尽11.makeagreatcontribution对.作出巨大贡献12.therestofthetime在其余地时间里13.atanytime在任何时候【重点句型】1.BecauseImnotallowedtoplaycomputergames.因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。2.HowdoyousaythisinEnglish?这用英语怎么说？3.Itsmadefromwood.它用木材做的。4.ItsusedforhelpingustoimproveourEnglish.它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。5.Peoplearesurprisedattherapiddevelopmentofrobots. 人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊讶。6.Theywillnolongerwanttobeourservants,butourmasters.它们将不再愿意做我们的人，而要做我们的主人。7.Thismethodworkedwellatnightaslongastheweatherwasgoodandthestarscouldbeseen. 在夜间只要天气晴朗，能看见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。【重点语法】一. 一般过去时的被动语态谓语部分的基本形式是be的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：Whenwasitmade?它是什么时候制造的？Itwasmadein1980.它是1980年制造的。Whenwasthedigitalcamerainvented?数码像机是什么时候发明的？Itwasinventedin1975.它是1975年发明的。二. 时间前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。at也用在时分前，说“差”可要用上to。说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月成蹉跎。Topic3China is the third nation that sent a person into space.【重点短语】1. travelbyspaceship乘宇宙飞船旅行2. inthefuture在未来3. inorderto为了4. ontheradio通过收音机5. takepartin参加6. growup成长，长大7. preferto喜欢胜过8. Whatsworse更为糟糕的是9. beworthit有好处，值得一干10. atadistanceof相隔11. sendsbamessage给某人发送信息【重点句型】1.Idontthinkalienscanbefoundinspace.我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。2.IthasbeentwodayssincewelandedonMars. 自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。3.Whatsworse,ourwatersupplieswereverylow. 更糟糕的是，我们的水供给是非常有限的。4.Itsaquarterasbigastheearth.它是地球的四分之一大。5.Marsgoesaroundthesunatadistanceofabout228millionkilometers. 恒星在相隔大约228000000千米的地方绕着太阳转动。【重点语法】情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：Alienscannotbeseenontheearth.在地球上不可能见到外星人。Otherplanetsmaybevisitedsooninthefuture.将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。Scientificresearchshouldbedonecarefully.应该认真地进行科学研究。Thesetreesmustbewateredintime.这些树应该及时浇水。下册Unit Five Topic 11 live in + sp. 住在2 live here / there / abroad住在这儿/那儿/国外3 live with sb.和某人住在一起4 places of interest = interesting places名胜5 tourists from all over the world 来自全世界的游客6 a number of + pl 许多 （作主语时，谓语用复数）7 a large / great number of + pl. 许多，大量8 the number of + pl. 的数量（作主语时，谓语用单数）9 among the teachers 在老师之间10 among us / them / you （三者或以上）在我们/他们/你们之间11 between you and me 在我和你之间 （两者）12 the second longest 第二长(序数词+最高级)13 the birthplace of Chinese culture中国民族文化发源地14 something / anything / someone else 别的事/人15 what/ where / who / else 别的什么/哪儿/谁16 other + pl. other people = others 其它人17 do sth. in detail 详细地做18 fetch / get sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb.为某人去拿某物19 introduce sb. sth. = introduce sth. / sb. to sb. 向介绍20 introduce oneself to sb. 向某人自我介绍21 lie / be in /on / to 位于（内、接壤、相离） 22 run through 流经23 have a lot of fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴24 in the southwest of China在中国的西南部25 be well worth visiting 很值得参观26 have / has a length / height of + 数字 = be + 数字 + long / tall ( high ) 有长/高 He has a height of 2 meters . = He is 2 meters tall.The room has a length of 9 meters.= The room is 9 meters long.27 What a / an + adj. + 单数名词. +主语 +谓语 !28 What + adj. + pl. / u.n. +主语 +谓语!29 How + adj. +主语+连系动词 !30 How + adv. +主语+行为动词 !31 a symbol of imperial power 皇权的象征32 real dragons and the sons of Heaven 真龙天子33 carve on 把雕刻在上34 guard the whole nation守护整个国家35 play an important part / ro
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