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111重点单词点击【词条1】bother 【课文原句】There are a lot of tourists around. Dont they bother you? (page 32)【点拨】bother在本句中的意思是“打扰；烦扰；麻烦”。bother sb (about / with) sth “使（某人）烦恼（或担忧、不安）”。这句话的意思是“这儿到处是游客，难道他们不打扰你们吗？”再如：I just didnt want to bother my mother with my problems last night.bother后面还可以跟that引导的从句。如：Youd better not sound too bothered about it.Does it bother you that he earns more than you?【拓展】（1）动词bother还可以表示“费事，烦心”，后跟介词with/about或不定式。如：You neednt bother to ask me.She never bothered about clothes.bother还可以作名词，表示“麻烦，困难”的意思时是不可数名词，表示“令人烦恼的人或事”时是可数名词。如：She caused a lot of bother by losing her wallet.His lazy daughter is quiet a bother to him.【词条2】pretty【课文原句】Pretty hot and wet in the summer, but it can be quiet cold in winter. (Page 32)【点拨】pretty在本句中作副词，相当于very，意思是“很，相当”。这句话的意思是“夏天气候很湿热，但冬天非常冷。”再如：That play was pretty impressive.【拓展】pretty还可以作形容词，表示“漂亮的；赏心悦目的”。如：My sister looks so pretty in that dress.What a pretty village it is!【词条3】approach【课文原句】Now were leaving the business district and approaching the harbour. (Page 32)【点拨】approach在本句中作动词，在这里意思是“（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近”，这句话的意思是“现在我们离开商业区去海港”。如：We heard a car approaching.【拓展】approach还可以作名词，意思是“（距离和时间上）靠近，接近；（待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法；道路”。如：I hadnt heard her approach and jumped as the door opened.There is no very easy approach to English.【词条4】afford【课文原句】 people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there. (Page 39)【点拨】afford在本句中的意思是“买得起，有能力支付”，该词不用于被动语态，常与can, could, be able to等连用。这句话的意思是“那个地区的人们在那里买不起房子”。再如：We cannot afford to go abroad this winter.【拓展】(1) afford还可以表示“（有时间）做，能做”。如：He felt he couldnt afford any more time off work.(2) afford作动词还可表示“提供，给予”。如：The plan affords young people the chance to gain work experience. 重点短语透视【短语1】a number of【课文原句】There are a number of reasons for this. (Page 39)【点拨】a number of在这句话中的意思是“许多，大量”，后跟可数名词复数；作主语时谓语动词用复数。number前可用large, great, huge, good, small等词来修饰。如：To my surprise, a great number of problems have arisen.注意：the number of 的意思是“的数量”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用单数。如：The number of homeless people has increased a lot.【拓展】英语中还有一些表示“许多，大量”的短语，我们一起帮大家归纳如下：1. 修饰可数名词复数且作主语时谓语动词用复数的短语有：(1) a good / great many (2) a large / great / good number of (3) quite a few (4) a good few2. 修饰不可数名词且作主语时谓语动词用单数的短语有：(1) a great / good deal of (2) a great / large amount of (3) large amounts of (4) quite a little3. 既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词的数根据所修饰的名词来确定。(1) a lot of (2) lots of (3) plenty of 【短语2】put up 【课文原句】Theyve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently. (Page 32)【点拨】put up在本句中的意思是“树立，建立”。这句话的意思是“他们最近建了很多高楼”。再如：A new theatre will be put up where there used to be a temple.【拓展】put up 还有其他意思：（1）举起，抬起。如：Please put up your hands if you have questions.（2）挂起，张贴。如：He has put up “No Parking” signs outside his gate.（3）接待；为提供食宿。如：We can put up ten people for the night at a pinch. 重点语法聚焦 现在完成时用法小结现在完成时是同学们在初中就已经重点学习过的时态，现将其主要用法归纳如下：现在完成时由“助动词have / has + 过去分词”构成，其中have, has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。1. 现在完成时的用法（1）表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某个动作或存在的状态对现在造成的结果或影响。如：I have seen this film before. They have already visited London.(2) 还可以表示某个动作开始于过去某个时刻，一直延续到现在，该动作刚刚结束或者可能还会继续下去。此时常与for 或since引出的时间状语连用。如：My grandma has lived here more than 50 years.Great changes have happened in China since 1978.注意：这类句子的肯定句中谓语动词通常用延续性动词，如live, work, keep, wait, stay, read, play, watch等，终止性动词由于动作不能持续，所以不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。但在否定句中终止性动词，如leave, start, arrive, begin, stop, receive, finish, come, go, open等，可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：Monica has worked in this company for about 5 years.He hasnt borrowed a book from the library for two weeks.2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的事情或存在的状态，只是侧重陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响；现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在产生的影响或结果。如：111
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