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,Grammar 1 Revision of the present tenses,The present simple tense 一般现在时,1. 一般现在时用来表示习惯性动作, 常和某些副词或副词短语连用,如: always, never, occasionally, often, usually, every day, sometimes, on Mondays, twice a year 等,也可与表示惯例或习惯性动作的时间从句连用。如：,He always works at night. 他经常在晚上工作。,I write to my parents once a month. 我每个月给父母写一封信。,I go to church on Sundays. 我星期天去教堂做礼拜。,Whenever it rains, the roof leaks. 只要下雨，屋顶就漏水。,When you open the door a light goes on. 只要你开门, 灯就亮了。,2. 询问或引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信件的内容时,常将一般现在时与动词say连用。如:,What does the notice say? It says, “No parking.” 那通知说什么？ 通知说：“不准停放车辆。”,I see youve got a letter from Ann. What does she say? She says she is coming to London next week. 我知道你收到安的来信了。她说了什么？ 她说她下周要来伦敦。 Shakespeare says, “Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” 莎士比亚说:“既不要向人借钱，也不要借给人钱。”,3. 可用于报刊新闻等的标题。如： MASS MURDERER ESCAPES 残杀多人的凶手逃跑 PEACE TALKS FALL 和谈破裂 4. 表示计划好的将来行动或一系列行动,特别是指旅途中的行动。如：,We leave London at 10:00 next Tuesday and arrive in Paris at 13:00. We spend two hours in Paris and leave again at 15:00. We arrive in Rome at 19:30, spend four hours in Rome 下星期二上午我们离开伦敦，下午1点到达巴黎。在巴黎停留两小时，3点又离开巴黎；7点半到达罗马，并在罗马停留四小时,5. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。 如：,Fire burns. 火会燃烧。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。,6. 表示要发生的将来的动作，只限于go, come, leave, start, return, begin等动词。如：,The plane takes off at 10:00. 飞机10:00起飞。,School begins on March 5. 三月五日开学。,7. 在连词when, before, until, if, as soon as, as等引导的表示将来行为的状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： Ill wait till he comes. 我要等到他来。 Next time Ill do as he says. 下次我将按照他所说的去做。,The present continuous tense 现在进行时,1) 表示动作现在正在发生或进行。可与now, at present, at this moment, these days 等时间状语连用,也可不用时间状语。 如:,What is he doing now? 他现在在做什么？ We are doing our homework. 我们正在做作业。 I am not wearing a coat as it isnt cold. 天气不冷,我没有穿外衣。,2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但说话时该动作不一定正在进行 。如： I am reading a play by Shaw. 我正在阅读一本箫伯纳写的剧本。 He is teaching French and learning Greek. 他在教法语,又在学希腊语。,在说话的那一刹那，他可能既不在教也不在学。,Gorge is translating a book now. 乔治现在在翻译一本书。,说话时，乔治不一定正在翻译，可能在做别的事。,3) 表示反复发生的动作。常与 always, forever, constantly, all the time, continually, simply 等时间副词连用。用来表示不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感。如：,She is always finding fault with others. 她总是挑别人的毛病。 He is always thinking of others. 他总是为别人着想。,4. 表示最近的将来已定的安排(这是用于表示眼前打算的最普通的说法。) 如: I am meeting Peter tonight. He is taking me to the theatres. 今天晚上我要跟彼得会面。他要带我去看戏。,Are you doing anything tomorrow afternoon? Yes, I am playing tennis with Ann. 你明天下午有事吗？ 有，我要跟安打网球。,5. 表示从一个地方到另一个地方的动词如arrive, come, drive, fly, go, leave, start, travel; 表示位置移动的动词如stay, remain和动词do和have,它们的现在进行时表示没有具体安排好细节的决定或计划。如：,What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期六你准备做什么？ The neighbors are coming to watch television. 邻居要来看电视。,I am not doing anything. I am staying at home. I am going to write letters. 我不准备干什么。我准备呆在家里，我准备写信。,1. I dont really work here, I _ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out,Exercises,2. Do you like the material? Yes, it _very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 3. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken,4. When will you come to see me, Dad? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish B. are finishing D. finish 5. He always _ careful notes while he is listening to the teacher in class. A. will take B. took C. takes D. is taking,6. Im sorry I cant go. I _ a report. A. write B. am writing C. wrote D. was writing 7. Whats the terrible noise? The neighbors _ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare,8. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. complete C. has been completed D. is completed 9. Can I join the club, Dad? You can when you _a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got,10. There _ the bus. Hurry up. A. is coming B. comes C. has come D. will come 11. If I _ when he comes, wake me up, please. A. slept B. am sleeping C. will be sleeping D. was sleeping,12. He _ to understand that he did wrong to his sister. A. is beginning B. begin C. has been begun D. will begin 13. George has arrived, but I did not know he _ until yesterday. A. come B. will come C. is coming D. was coming,14. Tom knows that his uncle _ no fewer than ten houses, and all of them are let at very high rents. A. is owning B. owns C. owned D. was owning 15. Will you post this letter if you _ a post-box? A. will be passing B. are passing C. have passed D. were passing,Grammar 2 Adjective ending in -ing and -ed,形容词化了的-ing分词和-ed分词用作名词修饰语时，仍保留一定的动词含义。一般说来，由及物动词的-ing分词转化来的形容词往往带有主动意义，常译为“使人；令人”；由及物动词的-ed分词转化来的形容词往往带有被动含义。,1. The girl let out a _ cry at the sight of the snake. 看到蛇， 女孩尖叫起来。,frightened,The girl was frightened.,2. His _ shout scared the boys.他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。 The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened.,frightening,又如：,His puzzled look made me very angry. 他迷惑的样子使我很生气。 The exciting news made every one of us very excited. 那令人兴奋的消息使我们每个人都很兴奋。 None of the banks I spoke to were interested. 我去找过的银行没有一家感兴趣。,William Hartley looked disappointed when the bookseller refused the request. 当店员拒绝他的请求时，威廉哈特利显得很失望。 Defarge was pleased at their arrival. 对于他们的到来，德法奇感到很高兴。That sounds very interesting. 那听起来倒挺有趣的。,这类词常见的有：,interesting 有趣的；interested 感兴趣的 disappointing 令人失望的；disappointed 失望的 exciting 令人兴奋的；excited 激动的 surprising 令人惊奇的；surprised 惊奇的astonishing 惊人的；astonished 感到惊奇的 discouraging 令人泄气的；discouraged 泄气的 puzzling 令人迷惑的；puzzled 迷惑的 tiring 令人厌倦的；tired 疲劳的,pleasing 令人高兴的；pleased 高兴的 satisfying 令人满意的；satisfied 满意的 worrying 令人担心的；worried 担心的 frightening 恐怖的；frightened 受惊的 boring 乏味的；无聊的 delighted 高兴的 devoted 忠实的,1. The situation is more _than ever. Im _ about what to do next. A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling,Exercises,2. The _ news _ Jim. He was _ at it. A. surprising; surprised; surprised B. surprised; surprised; surprising C. surprised; surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprising; surprising,3. It was so _ a poem that quite a few students were _ to tears. A. moved; moved B. moving; moving C. moving; moved D. moved; moving,4. China is a large country which is getting _. A. more and more developed B. more and more developing C. more developed and more developed D. more developing and more developing,5. How did Jack do in the exams this time? Well, his parents seem _ with his results. A. pleasing B. pleasure C. pleased D. pleasant,6. It is _ to travel by air than by water. A. a lot more excited B. much exciting C. a lot more exciting D. much more excited 7. They are _ at the news that their team was beaten by ours. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. surprising D. pleased,8. How did Jack do in this exam? Well, his parents seem _ with his results. A. pleasing B. pleasure C. pleased D. pleasant,Thank you,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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