考研英语答案.doc

2001考研英语答案解读【篇一：2001年考研英语真题和答案】txtsection i structure and vocabulary part a directions: beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that best completes the sentence. mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points) example: i have been to the great wall three times _ 1979. a from b after c for d since the sentence should read, “i have been to the great wall three times since 1979.” therefore, you should choose d. sample answer a b c 1. if i were in movie, then it would be about time that i _ my head in my hands for a cry. a bury b am burying c buried d would bury 2. good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the british recapture of the port _ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. a to announce b announced c announcing d was announced 3. according to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one _ wait instead of searching for it. a would rather b had to c cannot but d had best 4. she felt suitably humble just as she _ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed. a had b had had c would have andd has had 5. there was no sign that mr. jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite _ from leadership of it, would intervene personally. a being resigned b having resigned c going to resign d resign 6. so involved with their computers _ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. a became the children b become the children c had the children become d do the children become 7. the individual tv viewer invariably senses that he or she is _ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience. a everything except b anything but c no less than d nothing more than 8. one difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. _ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation. a by b in c for d with 9. conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself. a as b which c that d what 10. church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, _ they christian, islamic, buddhist, jewish, and so on. a be b being c were d are part b directions: beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that best completes the sentence.mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points) example: the lost car of the lees was found _ in the woods off the highway. a vanished b scattered c abandoned d rejected the sentence should read. “the lost car of the lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” there fore, you should choose c. sample answer a b d 11. he is too young to be able to _ between right and wrong. a discard b discern c disperse d disregard 12. it was no _ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery. a coincidence b convention c certainty d complication 13. one of the responsibilities of the coast guard is to make sure that all ships _ follow traffic rules in busy harbors. a cautiously b dutifully c faithfully d skillfully 14. the eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all indians but seems to be _ the welfare of his animals. a critical about b indignant at c indifferent to d subject to 15. the chairman of the board _ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ. a compelled b posed c pressed d tempted 16. it is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _. a for longb in and out c once for all d by nature 17. using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _ and lack of unity in style. a conflict b confrontation c disturbance d disharmony 18. the timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _. a thrived b swelled c prospered d flourished 19. however, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry. a overturn b overtake c offset d oppress 20. because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium。 it is _. a firm b company c corporation d enterprise 21. when any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _. a novel b remote c distant d foreign 22. my favorite radio song is the one i first heard on a thick 1923 edison disc i _ at a garage sale. a trifled with b scraped through c stumbled upon d thirsted for 23. some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _. a descend b decline c deteriorated depress 24. equipment not _ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. a conforming to b consistent with c predominant over d providing for 25. as an industry, biotechnology stands to _ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020. a contend b contest c rival d strive 26. the authors of the united states constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving _ for the states and liberty for individuals. a autonomy b dignity c monopoly d stability 27. for three quarters of its span on earth, life evolved almost _ as microorganisms. a precisely b instantly c initially d exclusively 28. the introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _, particularly in western europe. a obscure b obsolete c optional d overlapping 29. whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _ and needs proving. a spontaneous b hypothetical c intuitive d empirical 30. the future of this company is _: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses. a at odds b in trouble c in vain d at stake【篇二：2001年考研英语阅读解读】=txt第一篇 specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. by splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. but specialization was only one of a series of related of scientific activity. 专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。通过将学科细化成小单元，人们能够继续处理这些不断膨胀的信息并将它们作为深入研究的基础。但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。 no clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. specialization ( in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, )implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. the trend was naturally most obvious illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the united kingdom. 在科学领域内，专业人员与业余人员之间没有绝对的区分：任何规则都有其例外。但是“业余”这个词的确有含义：那就是所指的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，特别是，他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。（长难句）19世纪的专业化的发展，以及随之而来的对训练的长期性和复杂性的要求，对业余人员进入科学界造成了更大的困难。这一趋势在以数学训练或实验室训练为基础的科学领域里自然表现得最为突出，英国地质学的发展可以说明这一问题（长难句）。 research in their own righthave continued to pursue local studies in the old way. the overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, (a result that has been reinforced by the widespread consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. a rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way. 把英国最近一个半世纪的地质学刊物作一比较，人们发现，不仅研究的重要性越来越受到强调，而且学术论文的出版规范也在不断地发生变化（长难句）。因此，在19世纪，局部的地质学研究本身就代表了一种有价值的科研；而到了20世纪，局部的研究只有在包含或考虑到更广阔的地质面貌时才越来越被专业人员接受（佳句）。另一方面业余人员继续以旧的方式从事局部的研究。结果是，业余人员更难在专业地质刊物上发表论文。这种结果因为评审制度的引入表现得更突出。开始是19世纪国家级杂志的引入，后来是20世纪数家地方地质杂志的引入（长难句）。这样发展的必然结果是出现了针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。类似的分化过程也导致专业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。 although the process of professionalization and specialization was already well under way in british geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. in science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中己经开始形成，但是它的效果却延迟到20世纪才充分显示出来。然而，从科学这个整体来看，i9世纪必须被视为科学结构发生变化的关键时期。 21. the growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as _. aj sociology and chemistry b physics and psychology d physics and chemistry 22. we can infer from the passage that _. a there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation b amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science d amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones 23. the author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _. a the process of specialisation and professionalisation b the hardship of amateurs in scientific study c the change of policies in scientific publications 24. the direct reason for specialisation is _. a the development in communication b the growth of professionalization c the expansion of scientific knowledge 一、文章结构总体分析 这是一篇论述科学发展的专业化和职业化的文章。全文客观地描述这一过程，并且以英国地质学的发展为例说明专业化发展导致专业人员和业余人员之间的分化越来越明显。 第一段：科学知识的积累导致知识的进一步分类和分化，即专业化发展。与专业化发展同时并存的另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。 第二段：专业化的发展给业余研究者的进入带来了困难，这种趋势在某些科学领域尤为突出。 第三、四段指出：以英国地质学研究为例，说明专业人员和业余人员之间分化越来越明显。而这种专业化和职业化的分化过程早在19世纪英国的地质学领域就已经开始形成。 二、试卷具体解读 21. the growth of specialisation in the21. 19世纪专业化的发展在_科 19th century might be more clearly seen学领域更为显见。 in sciences such as _. a sociology and chemistrya 社会学、化学 b physics and psychology b 物理学、心理学 c sociology and psychology c 社会学、 心理学 d physics and chemistry d 物理学、 化学 答案d 解读本题考核的知识点是：事实细节题 + 常识。 文章第二段最后两句话指出，“19世纪专业化的发展要求时间更长、内容更复杂的培训，这使得非专业研究人员面临越来越大的困难。这个趋势在以数学训练或实验室训练为基础的科学领域显得更为突出。”四个选项中涉及社会学、化学、物理学、心理学四个学科。根据常识，物理学、化学与地质学都是以数学和实验室培训为基础的科学，而社会学和心理学则不是。比较四个选项只有d选项“物理和化学”是正确答案。 22. we can infer from the passage that _. 22从文中，我们可以推断出_。 a there is little distinction between 专业化和职业化过程几乎没有区别 specialisation and professionalisation b amateurs can compete with professionals 业余研究者可以在某些科学领 in some areas of science 域与专业研究者相匹敌 c professionals tend to welcome amateurs 专业人员倾向于欢迎业余人员加入 into the scientific community 他们的科学团体 d amateurs have national academic societies 非专业研究人员拥有全国性的学术 but no local ones 机构，但是没有地方性的机构 答案b 解读本题考核的知识点是：推理引申题。 文章第一段最后两句指出，“专业化仅仅是科学领域内影响交流过程的一系列相关科学发展的现象之一，另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。”由此可知，专业化和职业化是两个不同的过程，因而可排除a选项；第二段最后一句指出“专业化的发展给业余研究者的进入带来了困难，这种趋势在某些科学领域尤为突出”，其暗含的意思是在另外一些领域非专业人员可以和专业人员去竞争，b选项表达了此意，是正确答案。在此基础上，第三段更是举出英国地质学研究的例子来说明专业人员与非专业人员出现的越来越明显的分化，因此选项明显错误；d选项与第三段最后一句“业余人员有两种选择：或者呆在地方研究团体中，或者以另外一种方式在全国范围内联合”不符。 23. the author writes of the development 23作者提到地质学发展的目的是为了 of geology to demonstrate . 说明_. a the process of specialisation and 职业化和专业化形成的过程 professionalisation b the hardship of amateurs in 业余研究者在科学研究中碰到的困难 scientific study c the change of policies in scientific 科技出版物出版方针的变化 publications d the discrimination of professionals 专业研究者对业余研究者的歧视against amateurs 答案a 解读本题考核的知识点是：作者意图题。 作者在第二段末句提到，业余研究者很难进入专业领域的趋势可以通过英国地质学发展的例子很好地来说明。第三段谈到英国地质学研究中出版规范的变化、专业和业余人员的不同研究方式、业余人员在专业刊物上发表论文的困难及专业和业余两种不同的刊物和学会的形成。可见，作者举例的目的是描述职业化和专业化形成的过程，a选项正确。 b选项和c选项都是第三段提到的职业化和专业化发展过程中的具体表现，并不是例子旨在说明的问题。d选项文中未明确提出。 24.the direct reason for specialisation is 24. 造成专业化的直接原因_？ athe development in communication 交流的发展 bthe growth of professionalisation cthe expansion of scientific knowledge 答案c 解读本题考核的知识点是：细节题 第一段第一句指出，“专业化过程可以看作是对科学知识不断积累问题的反映”，其中response to与题干中的direct reason对应，因此c选项正确。文中提到a选项受专业化过程影响（一段末句），b选项是与专业化发展并存的现象，d选项是专业化发展造成的结果，因此都不是专业化的直接原因。 三、文章长难句解读与佳句赏析 长难句分析: nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. 句子主干是the word“amateur”does carry a connotation，后面是that引导的同位语从句，从句的主干是：the person is not fully integrated into and not fully share，其中包含了两个并列谓语。 the trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the united kingdom. 句子主干是the trend was obvious in.and can be illustrated in terms of.。science后接过去分词based on做定语。in terms of“以观点/方式，就而说”。 a comparison of british geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. 句子主干是a comparison reveals not simply.but also.，并列连词not onlybut also连接两个并列宾语emphasis和definition，宾语后都接有介词短语做定语。 the overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. 句子主干是the result has been to make entrance harder for amateurs, a result。逗号后面部分a result相当于the result has been a result，a result后是that引导的定语从句，其中存在两套被动结构，一是a result has been reinforced by the introduction of refereeing，另一套是 first the introduction of refereeing first by and then by。make sth. harder for sb.意为“使某事对于某人来说更难了”；referee原义为“当裁判，裁决”，句中意为“（出版）评审制度”。 职业化的发展 科学知识的扩展 dthe splitting up of academic societies 学术团体的分裂佳句赏析: thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right。 but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. 该句由but连接两个分句，前后两个不同的时间状语表现了一种对比。结构严谨，对比鲜明，给人一目了然之感。 四、词汇注释 (1) specialisation（n.）专业化； specialize（v.）（in）专攻，专门研究，使专用于； specialized（a.）专门的，专科的 (2) accumulation（n.）积累，积聚（物）； accumulate（v.） (3) split (v./n.) 裂开，劈开；分裂，分离； split up（使）分裂； （使）分离；分成（小组）； 美俚吵架；离婚 (4) professionalisation（n.）职业化； professionalize（v.）（使）职业化/专业化； professional（a.）专业的, 职业的（n.）自由职业者，专业人员 (5) clear-cut（a.）明确的，清晰的 (6) amateur（n.）业余爱好者；外行 (a.)业余的；非职业的；外行的 amateurship（n.）业余者的资格或身份amateurish（a.）业余的，非职业的，不熟练的 amateurismn.（n.）业余性，非职业的作为 (7) connotation（n.）含义，内涵，隐含意义；言外之意 (8) integrate (v.)（into，with）（使）成为一体，（使）结合在一起，（使）合并； integration（n.）综合；integrative（a.）综合的，一体化的 (9) participation（n.）参与，参加； participate (v.)（in）参加，参与；分享，分担； participator（n.）参与者，合作者； participatory（a.）供人分享的 (10) primacy（n.）首位，首要，首席 （11）in ones own right凭本身的权利（能力、实力，资格） (12) reinforce（v.）加强，增援，增加，强化 (13) referee（v.）审阅，鉴定；裁判，仲裁（n.）仲裁人，调解人，体裁判员 （14）reckon (v.) 认为，估计；指望，想要；测算，依靠 as认为，视为，把看作 五、全文翻译 专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。通过将学科细化成小单元，人们能够继续处理这些不断膨胀的信息并将它们作为深入研究的基础。但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。 在科学领域内，专业人员与业余人员之间没有绝对的区分：任何规则都有其例外。但是“业余”这个词的确有含义：那就是所指的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，特别是，他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。（长难句）19世纪的专业化的发展，以及随之而来的对训练的长期性和复杂性的要求，对业【篇三：2001年考研英语真题及解读】 part i cloze test directions： for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the best one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) the government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases1the trial of rosemary west. in a significant 2of legal controls over the press, lord irvine, the lord chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins. in a letter to gerald kaufman, chairman of the house of commons media select committee, lord irvine said he7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9of the letter came two days after lord irvine caused a10of media protest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in european legislation would be left to judges12 to parliament. the lord chancellor said introduction of the human rights bill, which13the european convention on human rights legally14 in britain, laid down that everybody was15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “press freedoms will be in safe hands16our british judges,” he said. witness payments became an 17 after west was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. concerns were raised19witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to20guilty verdicts. 1.aas tobfor instancecin particulardsuch as 2.atightening bintensifyingcfocusing dfastening 3.asketch brough cpreliminary ddraft 4.aillogical billegal cimprobabledimproper 5.apublicity bpenalty cpopularitydpeculiarity 6.asincebif cbefore das 7.asidedbsharedccomplied dagreed 8.apresent boffer cmanifest dindicate 9.arelease bpublication cprinting dexposure 10.astormbrage cflare dflash 11.atranslationbinterpretation cexhibitionddemonstration12.abetter than bother than crather thandsooner than 13.achangesbmakes csetsdturns 14.abindingbconvincing crestraining dsustaining 15.aauthorizedbcredited centitled dqualified 16.awithbto cfromdby 17.aimpact bincident cinference dissue 18.astated bremarked csaiddtold 19.awhatbwhen cwhich dthat 20.aassure bconfide censure dguarantee part ii reading comprehension directions: each of the passages below is followed by some questions. for each questions there are four answers marked a, b, c and d. read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. then mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points) passage 1 specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. by splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. but specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. another was the growing professionalisation of scientif