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,外语教学中的信息技术过去,ThelanguagelaboratoryintheBehavioristperiod(1960s-):theteachingmachine,Thelatestlanguageteachingtechnologybecamesynonymouswiththelatestlanguageteachingpedagogy.Whatmatteredmostwastechnologyandnotpedagogy.AdvancesincomputerhardwareandsoftwareignoredadvancesinlanguagepedagogyandSLAtheories.,外语教学中的信息技术过去,Underwood(1984:33),“Thistechnologywillrevolutionisetheteachingofforeignlanguages;itwillbringpedagogyuptodatewithtechnology.”“Finallywehaveameansfortrueindivisualisedpractice:one-to-one,selfpaced,withoutneedforsupervision.Studentscanpracticewhattheywant,whenevertheywant,foraslongastheywant.”“Thesedeviceswilldoallthethingstheteacherhasneitherthetimenortheinclinationtodo;atlastwecantakedrilloutoftheclassroom.”,外语教学中的信息技术过去,CALLresearchinthelate1980sandthe1990sfound:,Technologyonitsownisnotthepanaceaforforeignlanguagepedagogy;Efficientforeignlanguagepedagogyisonlypossibleifitisgroundedonsoundtheoreticalforeignlanguagepedagogy.,外语教学中的信息技术现在,Thecommunicativeapproach,itsprinciples:,Communicativecompetence;Meaningfulpracticeratherthanmechanicalpractice;Useofthetargetlanguage;Implicitgrammar;Modelinginsteadofcorrecting;Low-anxietyatmosphere;,外语教学中的信息技术现在,ThecommunicativeCALL(Underwood1984):,Activitieswillfocusonacquisitionpractice(usingformstocommunicate)ratherthanlearningpractice(formsthemselves);Grammarwillalwaysbeimplicit(builtintothelessonoractivity),thoughexplicitgrammarexplanationwillbeavailableonacall-upbasis;Activitiesshouldrequirestudentstotakeacreativeactioninthetargetlanguage(ortoproducearesponsebasedoncomprehensionofanutterance)ratherthanmanipulatingprefabricatedlanguage;,外语教学中的信息技术现在,ThecommunicativeCALL(Underwood1984):,Activityfeedbackwillnotaimatcorrectingorevaluatingeachresponse:“raiseexpectationsforcompetenceincommunication”;Activityfeedbackwillavoidtellingstudentsincorrectanswersjustas“wrong”:providehelpandgivehints;Activitiesandinstructionsshouldbewritteninthetargetlanguage;,外语教学中的信息技术现在,ThecommunicativeCALL(Underwood1984):,CALLactivitiesshouldbeflexible,notbasedontheprinciplethateverystimulushasoneandonlyresponse;CALLactivitiesshouldallowstudentstoexplorethesubjectmatter.Anenvironmentshouldbeprovidedwherediscoveriescanbemade.CALLactivitiesshouldcreateacontextinwhichusingthetargetlanguagefeelsnatural;,外语教学中的信息技术现在,ThecommunicativeCALL(Underwood1984):,CALLsoftwareisnotanelectronicbook(CALLactivitieswillaimatdoingthingsbookscannot);CALLsoftwareshouldbefunandattractive(trytoavoiddrillexercises).,计算机辅助外语学习总体原则,CALLisnotanissueseparatefromotherformsoflanguageteachingandlearning;,GeneralguidelinesforCALLtasks:technologyorpedagogy?参照Bangs,计算机辅助外语学习总体原则,CALLexistsforlearners,notteachers;,计算机辅助外语学习总体原则,CALLshouldbeadaptive;,计算机辅助外语学习总体原则,CALLshouldharnesstechnology,notserveit;,计算机辅助外语学习总体原则,CALLshouldengageandmotivatethelearner;,计算机辅助外语学习总体原则,CALLshouldrespondtoresearch;,计算机辅助外语学习总体原则,CALLshouldbefocused;,计算机辅助外语学习总体原则,CALLshouldrespondtoapedagogicneed;,计算机辅助外语学习总体原则,CALLshouldhelplearnerslearnbetter.,Thanks.,
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