定语从句讲解和练习09高.ppt

定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。,关系词3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。,二关系代词引导的定语从句1，who指人，在从句中做主语TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.,2,whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。,(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.,3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.,that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisestoonemillion.,(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?,5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin(倒塌).,Jointhetwosentencesintoone,usingattributiveclause.,1.Iknowtheperson.Hiscompanyproducesnewmachines.,2.Sheistheengineer.Herworkisconsideredtobethebesthere.,3.Thegirlisstandingthere.Thegirlismyeldersister.,Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducesnewmachines.,Sheistheengineerwhoseworkisconsideredtobethebesthere.,Thegirlismyeldersister.,4.Thehouseisnearthetree.Thehousecaughtfirelastnight.,whoisstandingthere,Thehousecaughtfirelastnight.,whichisnearthetree,5.Thewomanworksinafactory.Youspoketoherjustnow.,6.Thisisthehouse.Iwasborninthehouse.,7.Iwillneverforgettheday.Weplayedintheparkonthatday.,8.Thisisthereason.Hedidntcometoschoolforthisreason.,Thewomanworksinafactory.,whom/whoyouspoketojustnow,Thisisthehouse,where/inwhichIwasborn.,Iwillneverforgettheday,when/onwhichweplayedinthepark.,Thisisthereason,forwhich/whyhedidntcometoschool.,1.Thepicture_youarelookingatwasdrawnbyafriendofmine.2.Whatistheword_hewantedtolookup?3.Thewriter_worksIadmiremostisLuXun.4.ThisMr.Jackson,_eldestsonisafamousdoctor.5.ProfessorLiu,_Imetamomentago,isover70.6.Thegirlontheleft,_hairisred,iscalledMartha.7.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse_thegreatwriterusedtolive.8.Hewasbornintheyear_theSecondWorldWarbrokeout.,Fillintheblankswithsuitablewords:,that/which,which/that,whose,whose,whom,whose,where/inwhich,inwhich/when,定语从句常见错误（一）,一、在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。如1SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidntcome2Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如：1.Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished2.Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome,whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?,三，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由“介词+关系代词”引导Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.,Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.,注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.,2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时,用whose.(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(2)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(3)TheplaneonwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(4)TheplaneonthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.,“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.,四关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.,3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.注意：关系副词“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.,限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.,非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.,这两句可否去掉逗号变成限定性定语从句？,要注意区分以下几个句子的不同Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）,难点分析（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时.(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything（that）Mr.Lihassaid?(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)Thereislittle（that）Icandoforyou.,2.当先行词被序数词修饰(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.,5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?,（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思,(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdontbelieve.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry,3.当先行词受such,so,thesame修饰时，常用as.(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.,注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。,(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。,（三）以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.,(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodont),定语从句巩固与练习,1.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyone_familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when,6CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which7Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat,8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose,9._hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during_timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same,11.Ohthewallhungapicture,_colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its,12.WheneverImethim,_wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when13.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_standsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there,14.Theboss_departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose,15.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich16.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella,_Igotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.Itshow,17.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis18.Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,_ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.whcih,20.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,19.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,Game:Describethepictures,usingtheAttributiveClause.,Acomputerisamachinethatcanbeusedtostoreandanalyzeinformation.,YaoMingisabasketballplayer_.,Ahospitalisaplace_.,Thisisthehouse_.,September11,2001istheday_.,2008istheyear_.,Thereason_.,Pointoutthemistakesinthefollowingsentencesandtellthereasons:,all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much，etc.,2)all,every,no,some,any,little,much,only,last,etc.,Pleasejusttellmeanythingwhichyouknowabouttheauthorofthebook.,Ivereadallthebookswhicharenotmine.,(3)序数词/最高级+先行词+that,Thisisthefirstbookwhichhehasread.,that,that,that,+that,+先行词+that,(4)theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast+先行词+that,Thisistheverybookwhichbelongstohim.,（5）人/物+that,Suddenlythehousefell,andhurtawomanandherdogwhichwerejustpassingby.,that,that,(6)特殊疑问句的主语是who,which开头时，后面的从句用关系代词that。,Whoisthemanwhoisstandingbythedoor?Whichofthesebusesistheonewhichgoesbetweenthetwocities?,that,Fillintheblanks,usingproperrelatives,andaddprepositionsifnecessary.Ienjoysports_peoplecompeteforprizes.Thespeed_lighttravelsissaidtobethemaximumintheuniverse.3.Football,_isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.4.Hewaslatethismorning,_madehisteacherangry.5.Heseemedtobeaforeigner,_infacthewas.,inwhich,atwhich,which,which,which,（1）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，并置于介词之后。,（2）在先行词是物的非限制性定语从句中。,（3）在非限制性定语从句中作主语，或代表前面整个句子，或前面主句中的表语部分。,在下列情况下用which,不用that。,1.Thisisthegirl_hasbeenhighlypraised.A.ofwhomthepaintingB.thepaintingofwhoseC.whopaintingD.whosepainting,2.Thedaywillsurelycome_allthepeopleintheworldenjoyfreedomandliveinhappiness.A.whenB.howC.thenD.why,3.Sheboughtaknifefromtheshop_shecouldpeelanapple.A.whichB.withthatC.withwhichD.bywhich,D,A,C,4.Thereason_herejectedourplanisthathehadnofaithinus.A.whichB.whyC.becauseDwhen,5.Doyouknowthesingeranddancerwho_standingatthegateofthetheatre?A.areB.isC.willD.would,6.Letsthinkofasituation_thisidiomcanbeproperlyused.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whose,B,B,B,Beforehewasateacher,Bobwhotoldme1._thathewouldliketobeasgoodadoctor2._likehisfather.Butsomethingunhappy3._happenedtohisfamily,thatmadeitnecessaryforhimtowork4._foraliving.Hehadworkedinfarmsandinshops5._inthathespenthissparetimestudiedbyhimself6._andfinalbecameacollegeteacher.“Youngpeople”7._heoftensaid,“whohasnotsteppedintothesociety8._arefullofwishesandhopes.”,who,as,which,on,which,finally,have,