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姓名：_座位号：_时间表时长开始结束听力35分钟9:009:35笔试客观题55分钟9:3510:30 (收答题卡1)翻译30分钟10:3011:00写作30分钟11:0011:30 (收答题纸及试卷)DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.Time allowed: 150 minutesSection I Listening Test （Answer Sheet 1）Section II Reading Comprehension （Answer Sheet 1）Section III Cloze（Answer Sheet 1）Section IV Translation（Answer Sheet 2）Section V Writing （Answer Sheet 2） Section I Listening Test (50 marks)Section II Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answers on Answer Sheet 1. Passage 1 Phones are now the dominant technology with which young people, and urban youth in particular, now define themselves. What sort of phone you carry and how you customize it says a great deal about you, just as the choice of car did for a previous generation. In todays congested cities, you can no longer make a statement by pulling up outside a bar in a particular kind of car. Instead, you make a similar statement by displaying your mobile phone, with its carefully chosen ringtone, screen logo and slip cover. Mobile phones, like cars, are fashion items: in both cases, people buy new ones far more often than is actually necessary. Both are social technologies that bring people together; for teenagers, both act as symbols of independence. And cars and phones alike promote freedom and mobility, with unexpected social consequences.The design of both cars and phones started off being defined by something that was no longer there. Cars were originally horseless carriages, and early models looked suitably carriage-like; only later did car designers realize that cars could be almost any shape they wanted to make them. Similarly, mobile phones used to look much like the push-button type of fixed-line phones, only without the wire. But now they come in a bewildering range of strange shapes and sizes.Less visibly, as the structure of the mobile-phone industry changes, it increasingly resembles that of the car industry. Handset-makers, like carmakers, build some models themselves and have the design and manufacturing done by others. Specialist firms supply particular sub-assemblies in both industries. Outwardly different products are built on a handful of common underlying platforms in both industries, to reduce costs. In each case, branding and design are becoming more important as the underlying technology becomes increasingly interchangeable. In phones, as previously happened in cars, established western companies are facing stiff competition from nimbler Asian firms. Small wonder then that Nokia, the worlds largest handset-maker, recruited its design chief, Frank Nuovo, from BMW.That mobile phones are taking on many of the social functions of cars is to be welcomed. While it is a laudable goal that everyone on earth should someday have a mobile phone, cars ubiquity produces mixed feelings. They are a horribly inefficient mode of transport - why move a ton of metal around in order to transport a few bags of groceries? - and they cause pollution. A chirping handset is a much greener form of self-expression than an old banger, it may irritate but it is safe. In the hands of a drunk driver, a car becomes a deadly weapon. That is not true of a phone (though terrorists recently rigged mobile phones to trigger bombs in Madrid). Despite concern that radiation from phones and masts causes health problems, there is no clear evidence of harm, and similar worries about power lines and computer screens proved unfounded. Less pollution, less traffic, fewer alcohol-related deaths and injuries: the switch from cars to phones cannot happen soon enough.1. For young people, mobile phones are like cars because A they are made with advanced technology. B they are used in social activities. C they should be changed frequently.D they symbolize their independence.2. The design of mobile phones A emphasizes the shape and size more than technology. B is modeled on that of automobiles. C evolves in a similar way to car design.D has been influenced by the shape of fixed-line phones.3. In what way does the mobile phone industry resemble the automobile industry? A The model building is done by other companies. B Specialist firms contribute most of the assemblies. C The cost of production needs to be rationalized.D Production is concentrated on a few select platforms.4. Nokia recruited its design chief from BMW to A increase the competitive edge of its brand and design. B enhance cooperation with the automobile industry. C make use of automobile technology in handset manufacturing.D produce interchangeable parts for cars and mobile phones.5. What can be concluded from the passage? A The replacement of cars by mobile phones arouses mixed feelings. B Mobile phones are a device more friendly to environment. C Mobile phones can be used for terrorist purposes.D Mobile phones generate harm to the human body as computer screens do.Passage 2 I prefer to think of our moment as a renaissance rather than a revolution. So many people talk about this computer revolution in terms of the individual user who is empowered to express himself, break down obsolete institutions, or topple the corporate-industrial monoliths. I used to do so myself, but its an unnecessarily polar and combative vision. And once its reduced to the idea of empowering individuals, all those individuals start looking a lot more like consumers than autonomous human beings. It devolves quickly into “one-to-one marketing.I used to think that this acceleration of human action was a great thing. I thought wed simply bypass our restricting editorial voices, get our super-egos out of the way, and behave in that purely spontaneous, wonderful fashion that all human beings would behave in if they were uncorrupted by social and institutional biases. Until about three years ago, I thought that we should just let technology develop at its own pace and in its own way. I wrote three loud books about the potential of the new media and honestly believed I was writing them for what I conceived of as the counterculture ideology - or at least for people who sought to use these technologies for a thoughtful, positive cultural evolution. I told the story of how our tightly controlled media was giving way to a more organic, natural mediaspace. Media used to be a top-down affair. People like William Randolph Hearst or Rupert Murdoch could make decisions from the upper floors of glass skyscrapers, and their messages would trickle down to the rest of us through the one-way media. But now, thanks to computers and camcorders and the Internet and modems, the media have been forced to incorporate feedback and iteration. I wrote Media Virus! to announce that the time had come when we could launch any idea we wanted, that the power was in our hands again. I wrote books about how young people understood media better than adults and were already using it in new, exciting ways.At the time, I saw everyone who called for us to put on the brakes, or to put new governors on the development of culture, as the enemy of our cultural evolution. Their vigilance would prevent us from reaching the next level of complexity. But something kept nagging at me. I couldnt help thinking that when you eliminate fear and simply follow your desires, you dont always get the best results. In the worst case, it can even be a recipe for fascism. Over the past few years we have just let the Internet go, and weve got an electronic strip mall as a result. We thought authority was unnecessary and kept it out of our network. Thats what gave market forces a free rein. So I started to explore whether there is a way to foster growth, new thought, cultural innovation, and even markets without getting absolutely carried away and losing all sense of purpose.1. According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A The change caused by the computer is not as radical as people thought. B The corporate industries are becoming obsolete. C The Internet has its own market value. D We have little control over the development of technology.2. From the second paragraph it can be inferred that the writer A had an objective view of the computer revolution at first. B has changed his views about the computer revolution. C does not know very much about the computer revolution. D overestimated the advantages of the computer revolution.3. The sentence Media used to be a top-down affair (line 9, para. 2,) probably means that. A they represented the interests of the upperclass. B they tended to be conservative. C information was received in a passive manner. D the people at the top have more access to computers.4. Which of the following is made possible by the new media? A Less restriction on messages. B More spontaneous expression. C Two-way communication. D Young peoples easier access to media.5. What conclusion does the writer reach about the new media? A They are great innovations. B They should follow their own course. C They need to be balanced between control and freedom. D They should expand further.Passage 3Morally and culturally, American society, as reflected in our TV programs, our theatrical fare , our literature and art, appears to have hit bottom.Gen. David Sarnoff felt prompted to issue a statement in defense of the TV industry, He pointed out that there was much good in its programs that was being overlooked while its occasional derelictions were being excessively stressed. It struck me that what he was saying about TV applied to other aspects of American culture as well, particularly to the theatrical productions.Without necessarily resting on his conviction that the good outweighed the bad in American cultural activity. I saw further implications in Gen. Sarnoffs declaration. Audiences needed to be sensitized more and more to the positive qualities of the entertainment and cultural media. In addition, through such increased public sensitivity, producers would be encouraged to provide ever more of the fine, and less of the sordid.Here is where questions arise. If the exemplary aspects of TV are not being recognized, what is the reason for such a lack of appreciation? Similarly, and further, if the theatre, including in this term the legitimate stage, on and off Broadway as well as the moving pictures, has large measures of goodness, truth and beauty which are unappreciated, how are we to change this situation?All in all, what should be done to encourage and condone the good, and to discourage and condemn the unsavory in the American cultural pattern?These are serious and pressing questions - serious for the survival of the American Way of Life, and pressing for immediate and adequate answers. Indeed the simple truth is that the face that America shows the world affects seriously the future of democracy all over the globe.Since the theatre in its broadest sense is a large aspect of American culture its expression as well as its creation - I saw the urgent importance of bringing the worthwhile elements in the American Theatre to the fore. Especially was this importance impressed on me when l realized how much Hollywood was involved in exporting American life to the world, and how much Broadway with all its theatres meant to the modern drama. Then the thought of the Bible came to me in this connection. Was not the Bible the basis of Western civilization as far as morals are concerned? Why not use the Bible as guide and touchstone, as direction and goal in the matter of the cultural achievements of Western society? Thus was born The Bible on Broadway. It is well known that the drama had its origin in religion. The Greeks, the Romans, as well as the early Hebrews, all had forms of the drama which among the first two developed into our classical plays.In the Middle Ages, it was the Church in the Western World that produced the morality and mystery plays. With such a long history it is not surprising to find an affinity between the Bible and the Theatre.1. What did David Sarnoffs remarks imply? A The audience should not be too picky about TV programs. B The audience should be aware of the positive aspects of TV programs. C The audience need to be provided with a better variety of TV programs. D The audience should be encouraged to be critical of TV programs.2. Which of the following statements regarding the theatre would the author most likely agree with? A Critics of American cultural life are biased. B The theatre does not reflect American culture. C The entertainment media contain much wholesome content. D Hollywood has served as the primary source for entertainment.3. Which of the following statements best reflects the authors own ideas? A American art forms have degenerated to a new low. B The good outweighs the bad in American cultural activity. C Only the biblical content of American theatre has positive meaning. D Positive content in American culture is not appreciated by the public.4. The expression the Bible as guide and touchstone in Paragraph 8 probably means A an academic approach to theatrical research. B a source of inspiration for audience. C standards principle in theatrical production. D the use of the Bible as a criterion in everyday life.5. What is the author primarily concerned with?A The development of American theatre.B The declining trend of morality in America.C The lowness of morality in American theatre.D The role of the Bible in the contemporary theatre.Passage 4A nine year old schoolgirl single handedly cooks up a science fair experiment that ends up debunking a widely practiced medical treatment. Emily Rosas target was a practice known as therapeutic touch (TT for short), whose advocates manipulate patients “energy field” to make them feel better and even, say some, to cure them of various ills. Yet Emilys test shows that these energy fields cant be detected, even by trained TT practitioners. Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation, Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare, “Age doesnt matter. Its good science that matters, and this is good science.”Emilys mother Linda Rosa, a registered nurse, has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade. Linda first thought about TT in the late 80s, when she learned it was on the approved list for continuing nursing education in Colorado. Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U.S.) dont even touch their patients. Instead, they waved their hands a few inches from the patients body, pushing energy fields around until theyre in “balance.” TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds, relieve pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals, at up to $70 an hour, to smooth patients energy, sometimes during surgery.Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works. To provide such proof, TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testingsomething they havent been eager to do, even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field. (Hes had one taker so far. She failed.) A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line. But who could turn down an innocent fourth grader? Says Emily: “I think they didnt take me very seriously because Im a kid.”The experiment was straight forward: 21 TT therapists stuck their hands, palms up, through a screen. Emily held her own hand over one of theirs left or right and the practitioners had to say which hand it was. When the results were recorded, theyd done no better than they would have by simply guessing. If there was an energy field, they couldnt feel it.1.Which of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced?A TT has been in existence for decades.B Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch.C TT therapists are often employed by leading hospitals.D More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment.（C）2.Very few TT practitioners responded to the $1 million offer because _.A they didnt take the offer seriouslyB they didnt want to risk their careerC they were unwilling to reveal their secretD they thought it was not in line with their practice（C）3.The purpose of Emily Rosas experiment was _.A to see why TT could work the way it didB to find out how TT cured patients illnessesC to test whether she could sense the human energy fieldD to test whether a human energy field really existed（D）4.Why did some TT practitioners agree to be the subjects of Emilys experiment?A It involved nothing more than mere guessing.B They thought it was going to be a lot of fun.C It was more straightforward than other experiments.D They sensed no harm in a little girls experiment.（D）5.What can we learn from the passage?A Some widely accepted beliefs can be deceiving.B Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories.C Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners.D The principle of TT is too profound to understand.（A）Section III Cloze (10 marks)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don Answer Sheet 1. Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is _2 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 3_ . The new experiments, such as these _4 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations _5 of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known that total sleep _6 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, _7 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A research has now _8 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats _9 bacterial infections of the blood, _10 their immune systems, the self-protecting mechanism against diseases, had crashed.1. A Either B Neither C Each D Any2. A intended B required C assumed D inferred3. A subtle B obvious C mysterious D doubtful4. A maintained B described C settled D afforded5. A in the light B by virtue C with the exception D for the purpose6. A reduction B destruction C deprivation D restriction7. A upon B by C through D with8. A paid attention to B caught sight of C laid emphasis on D cast light on9. A develop B produce C stimulate D induce10. A if B as if C only if D if onlySection IV Translation (20 marks)（A）1. Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Remember to write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)Viruses, infectious particles con
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