资源描述
Unit1Culturalrelics,知识清单,(一)基本单词1._vi.幸免;幸存;生还2._vt.挑选;选择3._n.设计;图案;构思vt.设计;计划;构思4._adj.奇特的;异样的vt.想象;设想;爱好5._vt.移动;搬开6._n.怀疑;疑惑vt.怀疑;不信,survive,select,design,fancy,remove,doubt,单词,7._adj.以前的;从前的8._adj.值得的;相当于的价值n.价值；作用9._adj.本地的;当地的10._vi.爆炸11._vi.下沉;沉下12._n.争论;辩论vi.争论;辩论13._adj.非正式的14._adj.木制的15._adj.贵重的，有价值的16._adj.稀罕的，稀有的，珍贵的,former,worth,local,explode,sink,debate,informal,wooden,valuable,rare,(二)派生单词17._vi.使吃惊;惊讶_adj.令人吃惊的_adj.吃惊的_n.吃惊;惊讶18._v.装饰;装修_n.装修;装饰,amaze,amazing,amazed,amazement,decorate,decoration,1.寻找2.属于3.作为报答;回报4.处于交战状态5.少于6.拆开7.看重;器重8.装饰有,insearchof,belongto,inreturn,atwar,lessthan,takeapart,thinkhighlyof,bedecoratedwith,短语,核心要点,1.survivev.生存，存活；幸免，幸存；保存Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime?（课文原句）能保存很长时间就够了吗？,单词,【拓展】survivorn.幸存者survivaln.残存，生还，生存,2.selectvt.挑选;选择Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolorlikehoney.（课文原句）选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。,【归纳】select.as.挑选作为selectsb.todo.挑选某人干.【辨析】choose,select,elect,pickchoose:侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多对象中进行选择,着重被选者的优点。select:书面,具有庄严正式的感情色彩,强调精选。,elect:按照一定的规章或法律,用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。pick:口语词,多指从个人角度仔细挑选,也含任意挑选之意。,3.designn.设计;图案;构思vt.设计;计划;构思Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.（课文原句）琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。,【归纳】bydesign(onpurpose)故意地;蓄意地designsb./sth.todosth.打算让从事designsb./sth.for.打算让用作某种目的bedesignedfor/todosth.计划做;打算用来做,4.removev.移动;搬开;搬家;迁移;脱掉;撤职;消除BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesimmerpalace,theRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.（课文原句）在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前，俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术饰品搬走。,【归纳】remove.from把移开removefrom.to.从搬到removesb.fromschool开除;勒令某人退学removeonesdoubt/trouble消除某人的疑虑/烦恼,【辨析】move,transfer,remove这些动词均可表从一处移往另一处之意。move:普通用词,指从一处到另一处转移。transfer:一般表示转送/移交或迁移,尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调动等。remove:移动,与move可换用,还可指撤职或开除学藉等。,【辨析】remove,dismiss,expel这些动词均有“开除,驱出,去掉”之意。remove:普通用词,不带任何感情色彩。dismiss:既可指突然地迅速地排除,也可指解雇或开除。expel:多指强行解除公职或驱出住地。,5.doubtv.不信ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.（课文原句）毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。,【归纳】without/beyonddoubt无疑地;必定;当然Thereisnodoubt毫无疑问Thereissomedoubtwhether(if).有疑问Idontdoubtthat.我确信Idoubtwhether(if).我怀疑nodoubt毫无疑问,6.worthadj.值得的;相当于的价值n.价值;作用IsitworthrebuildinglostculturalrelicssuchastheAmberRoomorYuanMingYuaninBeijing?（课文原句）重建诸如琥珀屋和北京圆明园这类的文化遗址，是否值得？,【归纳】bewellworthdoingsth.非常值得做某事beworththemoney/effort/atry值得花钱/努力/一试beworthit值得一干;值得花精力(或时间),【辨析】worth,worthy,worthwhileworth作表语,“值得的”,构成beworthn./pron./doingworthy作表语,“值得的”;作定语时,“值得尊敬的,注意的”,构成beworthyofn./beingdone/tobedone。worthwhile作表语/定语,“值得的”,构成Itbeworthwhiledoingsth./todosth.,Withthereformofliteracymarketplace,anincreasingnumberofgoodTVseriesandfilmswhichare_havebeeningforward.A.worthwatchingB.worthtobewatchedC.worthyofwatchingD.worthwhilewatching,一句多译。那个地方值得一去。1)Theplaceisworthavisit.2)Theplaceisworthyofavisit.3)Theplaceisworthvisiting.4)Itisworthvisitingtheplace.5)Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.6)Theplaceisworthytobevisited.7)Itisworthwhilevisitingtheplace8)Itisworthwhiletovisittheplace.,1.insearchof寻找Insearchoftheamberroom（课文原句）寻找琥珀屋,【拓展】inones/thesearchfor寻找searchsth./sb.搜查某物或搜身searchfor寻找(lookfor)search.for.为找到而搜查,短语,【辨析】insearchof/search/searchfor/search.for.insearchof介词短语,“寻找”,可作状语/定语/表语/宾补等,也可用ina/the/onessearchfor来替换。search及物动词表“搜查”,宾语可人,“对某人进行搜身”,如果宾语是表地点的名词,“搜查某个地方”。searchfor“搜寻”,花费很大的力气去寻找某个特定的人或物,相当于lookfor。search.for.为寻找而搜查,【即时应用】用insearchof/search/searchfor/search.for.的适当形式填空。1)Manyneighboursjoinedthecouple,_themissingboy.2)Thepolicestartedoff_thepossibleclueswhichwouldhelpfindthesuspects.,searchingfor,insearchof,3)Theyhave_everyroominthehotel,butfoundnothingvaluable.4)Thepolice_thehouse_thehiddendrugs.,searched,searched,for,2.belongto属于;是的一部分FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.（课文原句）腓特烈威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。,【归纳拓展】belongto不用于进行时态和被动语态。belong如果表示“应该在某处,适合在某处”时后跟in,on,among,under,with等介词。belongingsn.财产;所有物;相关事物,单项选择。Therearemanycountriespresentatthemeeting,andonethirdofthem_thedevelopingcountryandthethirdworld.A.belongtoB.arebelongingtoC.belongstoD.arebelongedto解析：belongto不用被动语态，不用进行时态；主谓一致原则，分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它所修饰的名词。,句型转换。TheboyisamemberofafootballclubandplayseverySaturday.Theboy_afootballclubandplayseverySaturday.,belongsto,3.inreturn作为回报;作为交换Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.（课文原句）作为回赠，沙皇送给他一队最好的士兵。,【拓展】inreturnfor作为的回报;答谢ABreturnticket/trip往返车票/旅行inturn依次;轮流;相应地;反过来ABCbyturns轮流,Areyoufreeafterschool?Sorry,Iveplannedtotreatafriendofminetodinner_forhelp.A.inorderB.inreturnC.inturnD.inhonor,4.lessthan少于，不到Inlessthantwodays100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-sevenwoodenboxes.（课文原句）在不到两天的时间里，10万个部件装进了27个木箱。,【拓展】含than的其它常用短语：morethan不仅仅，多于，非常more.than.与其说不如说是而不是nomorethan只有nootherthan只有，正是otherthan不同于，除了,5.thinkhighlyof看重;器重;高度评价IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.（课文原句）我非常欣赏那些寻找琥珀屋下落的人。,【拓展】thinkwell/muchofsb./sth.对某人/某物评价很高thinkbadly/little/ill/lightlyofsb./sth对某人/某物评价很低(印象不好)thinklittleof不放在眼里;轻视thinknothingof轻视;认为无所谓speakhighlyof高度赞扬singhighpraisefor高度赞扬,为某人唱赞歌,【提示】当thinkhighly/well/muchof用于被动结构时,副词置thought之前,即构成behighly/well/muchthoughtof结构。,Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.,疑问代词who,what,which等和疑问副词when,where,how等后面跟不定式,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语/宾语/表语/宾补。,句式,【归纳】“疑问词动词不定式”经常用在某些动词(短语)后作宾语,这样的动词(短语)有:tell,show,know,learn,findout,forget,wonder等。此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用相应的从句。,【观察】注意观察A、B两组句子的不同点。A.1.Everyonewho/thatknewJacklikedhim.2.Thewoman(that/who/whom)youmetjustnowismymother.3.Pleaseshowmethebookwhich/thatiswrittenbyMoYan.4.Theeducation(which/that)mydadreceivedaddeduptonomorethantwoyears.,语法,限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句,5.Thisisthesingerwhosefatherisagreatscientist.6.Irememberthedaywhenmyfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.7.CouldyoutellmeifthereisasupermarketaroundwhereIcanbuysomefood?8.Thewomanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourpany.,B.1.LiuYing,whoisourmonitor,iskindandalwaysreadytohelpothers.2.Thestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeher,whomtheyrespectgreatly.3.Atabout3:00intheafternoon,wecametothevillage,whosescenerywasreallyfascinating.4.Thecollege,wheremybrotherstudied,isafamousone.,5.Thedictionary,whichmyfatherboughtinBeijing,isveryhelpfulforme.6.Hesaidhewasbusy,whichwasuntrue.7.Tomwasntlisteningtome,whichmademeangry.8.Thishouse,forwhichMr.Smithpaid$150,000,isnowworth$300,000.,【归纳】A组中的定语从句都是限制性定语从句，B组中的定语从句都是非限制性定语从句。主要有以下区别：1.形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开（A组句子）；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开（B组句子）。,2.作用不同限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰限制，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整、不明确或失去意义（A组句子）；非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整（B组句子）。,3.关系词不同限制性定语从句可以由that,which,who(m),whose,where,when,why及“介词+which/whom”等来连接；非限制性定语从句通常由who(m),whose,which,when,where及“介词+which/whom”等来连接。另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。,4.关系代词指代不同限制性定语从句的关系代词一般指代一个名词或代词（A组句1至句5、句8）；非限制性定语从句的关系代词则既可指代一个名词或代词（B组句1至句3、句5、句8），也可以指代主句的部分或_内容（B组句6、句7）。,全部,【即学即练】用方框内的关系词填空。1.Doyoustillrememberthedays_westayedtogetherinthejuniorschool?2.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.3.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.4.Mr.Shang,_cametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmyfathers.5.Mary,_childrenareatschoolallday,istryingtogetajob.,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,when,which/that,whom,who,whose,6.Thecity_Igrewupisaverybeautifulplace.7.TheydislikeTom,_isnotsurprising.8.Iwenttotheoldhousein_mygrandmotherusedtolive.9.Pleasegivemethereason_youwerelateagain.10.Youshouldapologizetoyourfriend_bikeyoulost.,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,where,which,which,why,whose,议论文是对某问题或事件进行分析、评论，表明观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的文体。正反对比式，是从总论点的正反两个方面入手，进行正反对比论证得出结论。简单的正反对比是在提出观点后，一段从正面论证观点，一段从反面论证观点，最后得出结论。还有一种对照式结构是在正面进行论述或者摆出论据后，用转折或假设的方式从反面展开论述。,写作,如何写正反对比式作文,【写作指导】分四个基本段落来写：第一段引出话题；第二、三段提出正反两方面的观点，陈述理由；第四段总结利弊，表明作者态度。,【注意】1.话题的提出要开门见山；2.对比论据要正确，条理要清楚，论据要充分，论证要合理，准确、精炼；3.观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可；4.主体时态多用一般现在时；5.尽量避免同一单词、句型的重复使用，多采用同义词、相似结构以使表达多样化。,【常用表达】1.开头部分Wehadaheateddiscussionabout/on.Opinionsabout.aredivided.Peoplehavetakendifferentattitudestowards.Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto.Somepeopleclaimthat.,however,othersdisagreewithit.Somepeoplebelieve/arguethat.whilesomeholdtheoppositeidea/opinion.,2.正方观点Somearefor/infavoroftheideathat.Peoplewhoarefortheideathinkthat.3.反方观点However,.holdadifferentviewthat./holdtheoppositeopinion.Peoplewhoareagainstitthink.,4.个人观点Inmyopinion,.AsfarasIamconcerned,.Frommypersonalpointofview,.Personally,Ithink.Asforme,.,【写作任务】假设你是李华。最近你班在英语课上针对“学校该不该禁止学生带手机”这个话题进行了辩论。请根据提示写一篇短文，介绍辩论情况，然后发表在你校英文论坛上。正方：带手机导致学生上课分散注意力；占用时间上网、玩游戏、发短信。反方：方便与家长和朋友保持联系；手机使学生有安全感。你的观点注意:1.词数120左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.参考词汇：分散distract。,【参考范文】Recentlywehadadebateonwhetherstudentsshouldbeforbiddentousesmartphonesinschool.Theresultsareasfollows.Somearguethatweshouldbeforbiddentousesmartphonesinschool.First,usingsmartphonesdistractsourattentionfromourlessons.Besides,somestudentsspendtoomuchtimeonline,playingelectronicgamesandsendingtextmessagesafterclass.,However,othersthinkwestudentsshouldbeallowedtousesmartphonesinschool.Smartphonesmakeitconvenientforustokeepintouchwithourparentsandfriends.Besides,smartphonescangiveusasenseofsecurity.Personally,Ithinkwestudentsshouldbeallowedtousesmartphonesinschoolsothatwecancontactourparentsincaseofemergency.,巩固练习,I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Mygrandfathersonlychanceof_(survive)wasahearttransplant.2.The_(amaze)thingisthatitwaskeptsecretforsolong.3.Hedescribedherasoneofthegreatestfilm_(art)ofthe20thcentury.,survival,amazing,artists,4.Itsanoutdoorparty,sodress_(informal).5.Whenwilltheyfinishthe_(decorate)ofthebathroom?,informally,decoration,II.用方框内合适的短语填空。takeapart,belongto,lessthan,inreturn,insearchof1.Whatcanwedoforthem_forallthehelptheyhavegivenus？2.Wehaveto_thewholeenginetodiscoverthecauseofthetrouble.3.Thewholehousewentupinsmokein_anhour.,inreturn,takeapart,lessthan,takeapart,belongto,lessthan,inreturn,insearchof4.Mr.Smithhadalsogone_thecouplebutreturnedfromLondonwithoutsuccess.5.Thepolicehavefoundoutthatthehandwriting_amale.,insearchof,belongsto,III.用适当的关系词填空。Thetown1._Iwasbornhaschangedgreatlyoverthelasttwentyyears.Now,thereisamodernshoppingcentreintheplace2._myschoolusedtobeandallthechildren3._wenttherehavegrownupandmovedaway.Thelocalcinema,4._wasbuiltseveralyearsago,usedtobeadancehall5._bigbandsplayed.,where,where,who/that,which,where,Thepark,6._wasmyfavoriteplaceasachild,isnowacarpark.Somethingsarestillthesamethough.Mrs.Jones,7._isnowsixtyyearsold,stillworksinthePostOfficeandMr.Jonesstillownsthebakersshop,8._histwosonsnowwork.,which,who,where,Thehospital9._Iwasborninisstillstanding,althoughitisnowmuchbiggerthanitwasatthetime10._Iwasborn.Theday11._myfamilyandIleftourhometownwasoneofthesaddestdaysofmylife.,which,when,when,.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。Somepeopleliketheirguitarstolookfancyandnew;otherslike1._tolookasiftheyvebeenknockedaboutabit.Thefoundingfatheroftheworld-famousFenderguitarpany,designed2._firstmass-producedsolidwooden-bodiedelectricguitar,theTelecasterin1950,them,the,3._hefollowedupwiththeStratocasterin1954.Thesetwomodelsareprobablythemostrecognizableelectricguitarsonthemarketandhave4._(regular)beenseeninthehandsofrockandpopstarsallovertheworldeversince.TelecastersandStratocasters5._(make)inthe1950sand1960sarehighlythoughtofbutbeyondtheprice-rangeofmostguitarists.,which,regularly,made,Someare6._nearperfectconditionwhileothers,worndownbyworkingmusiciansoverthedecades,7._(cover)inscratches,cigaretteburnsanddrinkstains.Inrecenttimes,therehasbeenincreasingdemandfortheserareand8._(value)“relic”guitars,sothepanyhasstartedtoproducefake“relics”:,in,arecovered,valuable,copiesoftheir50sand60sguitarsthatlooklikethey9._(play)forover50years.Chipped,scratchedandrustedbyguitarmakersinFendersguitarfactory,theyaresomeofthemostexpensivenewguitarsyoucanbuy,butstillmuch10._(cheap)thananoriginal.Someask,“Whatsthepoint?”Otherssay,“ThatsRocknRoll!”,havebeenplayed,cheaper,
展开阅读全文