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,ExistentialSentence,There+be+NP+LocativeExpression(+TemporalExpression),Subject,1.Formalsubjectandnotional(real)subjectthedeterminersofnotionalsubjectinclude:(1)theindefinitearticle;(2)thezeroarticle;(3)otherindefinitedeterminerssuchassome,any,no,several,many,much,more,(a)few,(a)little,less,another,alotof,plentyof,anumberof,enough,aswellasthecardinalnumerals.,Thenotionalsubjectcanalsoberealizedbysome-,any-,no-compoundssuchassomething,nothing,anyone,etc.,Transformfromothersentencepatternsintoanexistentialsentence.,1.Verbinthesevenbasicsentencepatternsisprogressiveaspect(进行体)，wecouldtransformthatintotheexistentialsentencewithingparticipleSV：Atreeisfalling.Thereisatreefalling.：Acomputerwasavailable.Therewasacomputeravailable.Anewfilmwillbeon.Therewillbeanewfilmon.：Noonewasgreetinghim.Therewasnoonegreetinghim.,：Agirlhasbeentellingmehertroubles.Therehasbeenagirltellingmehertroubles.：Someoneispaintingthedoorgreen.Thereissomeonepaintingthedoorgreen.：Isanyoneintheroom?Isthereanyoneintheroom?：Manyworkershavebeenbuildingthebridgesincethen.Therehavebeenmanyworkersbuildingthebridgesincethen.,2.Verbisnotprogressiveaspect,transformthatintorelativeclauseNoonecamehere.Therewasnoonewhocamehere.Imustvisitafriend.ThereisafriendImustvisit.,3.Thesubjectisthenounphrasewithgenericreference（类指)，transformthatintodoublenegativestructureAplantneedslightandwater.Thereisnoplantthatdoesnotneedlightorwater.(误)Thereisaplantthatneedslightandwater.,2.OmissionofformalsubjectOnthehill(there)standsatemple.Inthevalley(there)liesastream.3.Subject-verbconcordThereisanoldworker,twoteachersandtenstudentsinourgroup.Thereisnotonlyamotherbutalso5babiesthatarebeinglookedafterthere.4.Introductorytherevs.frontedadverbTherearetoomanypeoplehere.(introductorythere)Thereareourfriends.(initialadverb),Predicator,1.VerbbeThereisacinemaherebeforethewar.Therecanbeverylittledoubtabouthisguilt.Therecanthavebeenmuchtrafficsolateatnight.2.Somefixedcollocationbegoingto,beto,becertain/sureto,belikelyto,appearto,happento,seemtoThereislikelytobeabigsnowstormtonight.Thereseemtobestillsomequestionsunsolved.,3.Verbsofexistenceandpositionexist,live,stand,lie,remainTherejustremained28pounds.Long,longago,therelivedsixblindmeninIndia.Therelayanancientcitysomewhereinthemountains.Thereexistsanumberofsimilarcases.,4.Verbsofmotion(位置移动)come,go,walk,Therecomesatimefordecision.5.Verbsofemergenceordevelopmentappear,arise,emerge,develop,happen,occur,springThereappearstobenodoubtaboutit.Therearoseinhisimaginationvisionsofaworldempire.,Non-finiteexistentialclauses,Theretobe/(tohavebeen)+NP+locative/temporaladverbialTherebeing/havingbeen+NP+locative/temporaladverbial,Asprepositionalcomplementation.Iftheprepositionis“for”,itusuallytakesthe“theretobe”formascomplementation.Theyplannedfortheretobeanothermeeting.Johnwasrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity.2.Asobjecttheretobe(verbssuchasexpect,mean,intend,want,like,prefer,hate)Membersliketheretobeplentyofchoice.Idontmindtherebeingafewminormistakes.,3.AssubjectandadverbialAssubject,“therebeing”formiscommonlyusedTherebeingabusstopsonearthehouseisagreatadvantage.TherebeingisoftenusedasadverbialofcauseTherehavingbeenheavyrainforalongtime,thewholeplacewasflooded.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.,Somespecialstructurewiththeuseof“therebe”,（1）therebeno/notany+gerund，means“impossible”argue,deny,know,mistake,say,tell,turnThereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.Thereisntanygettingawayfromit.（2）therebenopoint(orgood,sense,useetc.)indoingsth.Meansitisunnecessary(meaningless,useless)Thereisnopointinarguingfurther.Isthereanysenseinstartingwhileitsraining.,(3)thereisroomfor(thereisstillsomethingtobedesired/itstillleavessomethingtobedesired)表示“有的余地”Thereisnoroomfordoubtthatsheenjoysthejob.Thereisalwaysroomforimprovement.,
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