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Unit 2 The environment.单句语法填空1In the dark I felt something very cold _(move) on my foot.答案：moving2We are surprised to hear the news.The news is _(surprise)答案：surprising3We would much appreciate _ if you could do us that favour.答案：it4The _ (recycle) water is used to water plants.答案：recycled5The knowledge acquired in ones childhood will make a stronger _(impress) on him than what he learns at any other life stage.答案：impression6There are two hundred boys _(range) from seven to fourteen in age.答案：ranging7He pretends to _(absorb) in listening.答案：be absorbed8Terrorists were _(responsibility) for the bomb explosion.答案：responsible9To show our _(appreciate) for all your hard work, wed like to give you a bonus.答案：appreciation10Mr.Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes _ his own measure.答案：to.阅读理解A(2016山西考前检测)A poor set of curtains may not just mean you wake up too earlythey could also make you fat.Sleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of piling_on_the_pounds,_a study shows.Greater exposure to light at night raised both body mass index and waist size in more than 113，000 women taking part in the British study.The study followed the women for 40 years to identify root causes of breast cancer.Obesity is a known risk factor for the disease.“The associations we saw in our study between light exposure at night and obesity are very interesting.We cannot yet tell at this stage what the reason for the associations is, but the results open up an interesting direction for research，” said Prof.Anthony Swerdlow, from the Institute of Cancer Research. “One possible explanation is that the light is interrupting the body clock, which stems from our evolutionary past(进化历程)We were active when it was light in the day and restful when it was dark at night.”Other research has found the effect of nighttime lighting on the body may contribute to unhappy feelings.But its too early to suggest that sleeping in the dark will help prevent obesity, a known risk factor for breast cancer.The findings are reported in the American Journal of Epidemiology.Previous research has drawn similar conclusions.A team at Ohio State University examined how nighttime light affects weight, body fat and glucose intolerance (葡萄糖过敏) in mice.They found that continuing exposure to even a little nighttime light caused increases in all three aspects.Light changes mood, physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24hour cycle.Artificial light is known to interrupt the body clock by delaying the production of the sleep hormone melatonin(睡眠荷尔蒙褪黑激素)So there is no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了夜间光线给人们的身体带来的负面影响。1What does the underlined part “piling on the pounds” in the first paragraph mean?APutting pounds into a pile.BFilling in with pounds.CMaking a lot of money.DGaining body weight.D解析：词义猜测题。 根据文章第一段的“they could also make you fat” 可知， piling on the pounds与“使你增胖” 意思相近， 即D项正确。2From the passage, we know that_Asleeping in the dark must help prevent obesityBlighting on the body at night makes people happyCnighttime light may affect human beings and miceDit is easy for women to become fat and have cancerC解析：细节理解题。 根据第五段的“Previous research has drawn similar conclusions”及本段的描述可知， 老鼠和人类的睡眠都可能受到光线的影响， 即C项正确。3The most possible cause of the interruption of body clock is_Athe sleep hormone melatoninBunhappy feelingsCmanmade light at nightDglucose intoleranceC解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“One possible explanation is that the light is interrupting the body clock”及最后一段的第二句可知， 人体生物钟被打乱的最可能的原因是人造光线， 即C项正确。4The passage is mainly about_Aevolutionary past of manBobesity and breast cancerCdifferent research and conclusionsDnegative effects of nighttime lightD解析：主旨大意题。 根据文章第一段可知， 本文主要介绍夜间光线给人们的身体带来的一些负面影响， 即D项正确。B(2016济南模拟)If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock.According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all. Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and nonjoggers for 12 years.The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die.The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour.The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as nonjoggers.The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉)Over time, this can cause serious injuries.Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy.Anything more is not just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than“iron man”events, triathlons and longdistance running and cycling.According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study, “You dont actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health.And perhaps you shouldnt actually do too much”【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。 研究发现运动过量和从不运动的人都有面临死亡的可能， 因此适量的运动才有助于人们的健康。5The underlined word“strenuous”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to“_”AhardBregularCpracticalDflexibleA解析：词义猜测题。 根据文中第一段第一句以及as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.可知， 运动过量的人与不做锻炼的人死亡的可能性相同。 故推知该词指“过量”。6The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to_Asuggest giving up joggingBshow risks of doing sportsCprovide supportive evidenceDintroduce the research processC解析：细节理解题。 文中第二段列举的数据旨在证明作者在第一段提出的观点。 故选C项。7According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful?AIt may injure the heart and arteries.BIt can make the body tired out.CIt will bring much pressure.DIt consumes too much energy.A解析：细节理解题。 根据文中第二段最后两句可知， 科学家认为运动过量会导致人们心脏以及动脉的变化， 继而带来严重的伤害。8What can be inferred from the text?ANo exercise at all is the best choice.BMore exercise means a healthier life.CMarathons runners are least likely to die.DProper exercise contributes to good health.D解析：推理判断题。 根据文中最后一段可知， 适量的运动有助于人们的健康。Unit 2The environment(B卷).阅读理解(2016石家庄模拟)Pilates, yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to stay healthy. There is, however, a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive, but has all the benefitswalking.Certified fitness professional Jolynn Jaekel explains, “What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level. Plus, it is good for your heart, your head and your wallet.”A recent report details the health benefits of walking. The report found that walking regularly to fulfill the 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week, recommended by the UKs chief medical officer, could save 37, 000 lives each year. Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running. They observed participants aged between 18 and 80 over a sixyear period and found that walking reduced the risk of heart disease by 9.3%, while running reduced it by 4.5%. And there is even more good news: 30 minutes of quick walking over five days could help you sleep easily, according to research by Oregon State University. The study by the university showed that walking helped participants sleep better and feel more alert during the day.The sooner you get started, the sooner youll notice the differences in your mind and body. So, go out for your 30minute walk in a nearby park or green space.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了健康生活方式中的最简单有效的方式步行。 1The underlined word “humble” in the first paragraph probably means “_”AplainBrelaxingCpopular DactiveA解析：词义猜测题。 根据第一段可知， 当提到保持健康的方式时首先可以想到普拉提、 瑜伽和跑步机。 然而， 有一种不太引人注目的简单运动却让人受益匪浅， 那就是步行。 由此可推知， 画线词和“plain”意义相近。 故A项正确。2What does Jolynn Jaekel think of walking?AIts loved by people of all ages.BIts much healthier than running.CIts a moneysaving physical exercise.DIts becoming more and more popular.C解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level. Plus, it is good for your heart, your head and your wallet.”可知， 步行对人的心脏和大脑都有好处并且可以省钱。 故C项正确。3What did scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory find?AWalking helps people with sleep problems.BWalking contributes to curing heart disease.CWalking 150 minutes per week can save lives.DWalking is better than running in some cases.D解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段第三句中的“found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running”以及下文将步行和跑步从其他方面进行的对比来看， 前者优于后者。 故D项正确。4In which section of a newspaper can we read this text?AComment. BLifestyle.CEducation. DMedia.B解析：推理判断题。 纵观全文可知， 本文主要介绍了人们保持健康的方式步行。 由此可推知， 可从报纸上介绍生活方式的版块读到该文章。 故B项正确。.完形填空(2016山西太原模拟)Uncle Bruce has been my most influential role model.I admire him because he has _1_ me into the person I am today by teaching me about respect and responsibility and that anything _2_ having takes a lot of hard work.The most important thing he has _3_ me is how to think.He always says, “You can learn something from everyone, _4_ its what not to do.” He always does what he _5_If he says, “Ill pick you up at seven on Thursday，” it will _6_Also, Bruce is the kind of person who actually _7_ you.Uncle Bruce was in the army for 20 years and went through some terrible _8_， but he hasnt let them affect him _9_After hearing his stories about alcoholand drugrelated _10_， I have no interest in doing anything that could _11_ me or my friends.He is also the only person who truly believes I can _12_ it to West Point.He has done everything within his _13_ to help me achieve that goal.Uncle Bruce is my hero.He is _14_ that I want to be when Im his age.He is smart, financially _15_， and gives back to his community.There is no way I can _16_ him for all hes done.He is the one whose _17_ can change the way I look at something.Ive never told him that I love him, _18_ has he told me, but we love each other and I wouldnt have it any other way. Im not _19_ hes perfect, but I cant imagine _20_ without him now that he is here.【语篇解读】作者讲述了Uncle Bruce的故事， 他是作者眼中的英雄， 一直鼓励和帮助作者， 也在帮助其他的人。 作者希望自己以Uncle Bruce为榜样， 努力做一个像他那样的人。1A.shapedBpromotedCtrained DblessedA解析：考查动词基本含义的辨析。 Ashaped弄成的形状， 塑造； Bpromoted促进； Ctrained训练； Dblessed赐福。 根据上下文意， 他把我塑造成了现在的我， 所以选“shape”塑造。 故选A。 2A.like BaboutCfrom DworthD解析：考查词义辨析。 Alike像一样； Babout关于； Cfrom来自； Dworth值得。 “that anything _ having takes a lot of hard work”与前面的about短语共同作teach的宾语， 此从句中 “anything _ having”作takes的主语， 句意为“任何值得拥有的东西都要花费一番努力”， 所以选worth “值得”。 故选D。3A.directed BtaughtCencouraged DimprovedB解析：考查动词基本含义的辨析。 Adirected指导； Btaught 教； Cencouraged鼓励； Dimproved提高， 改善。 根据文章第一段， Uncle Bruce一直在教我做人， 这里是说“他教给我最重要的事情是如何思考”， 根据前文暗示， 选用taught。 故选B。4A.so that Beven ifCas if Dnow thatB解析：考查连词基本含义的辨析。 Aso that 以至于； Beven if即使； Cas if 好像； Dnow that既然。 结合上下文， 选项中只有“即使”更符合文意。 故选B。5A.wants BsupportsCpromises DadvisesC解析：考查动词基本含义的辨析。 Awants想要； Bsupports 支持； Cpromises 许诺； Dadvises建议。 根据下一句暗示， 此句理解为“言出必行”， 所以选项中promise “承诺”更合适。 故选C。6A.matter BinsistCsucceed DhappenD解析：考查动词基本含义的辨析。 Amatter 重要； Binsist要求； Csucceed成功； Dhappen发生， 碰巧。 结合文章上下文， 此空前面it指代叔叔承诺过的事， 结合前文“言出必行”， 所以happen更合适。 故选D。7A.sticks to Bpoints atClistens to Dcomes atC解析：考查动词短语基本含义的辨析。 Asticks to坚持； Bpoints at指着； Clistens to 听； Dcomes at袭击。 根据文章基调， 作者在全文透露出Uncle Bruce在各个方面都很好， 对自己的影响也很大， 此句中又有also, 可以推测本句也是在夸叔叔， 四个选项中只有listen to“倾听”是褒义， 故选C。8A.experiences BdiseasesCdrills DadaptationsA解析：考查名词基本含义的辨析。 Aexperiences 经历； Bdiseases疾病； Cdrills训练； Dadaptations改编。 该句讲的是经历， 所以experiences更恰当。 故选A。9A.materially BnegativelyCbarely DpositivelyB解析：考查副词基本含义的辨析。 Amaterially 实质地； Bnegatively消极地； Cbarely仅仅； Dpositively积极地。 根据前文的连词but转折后， 说明下句的意思相反， 所以选negatively “消极地”。 故选B。10A.tendencies BstatisticsCreferences DmisfortunesD解析：考查名词基本含义的辨析。 Atendencies倾向，趋势； Bstatistics数据； Creferences参考； Dmisfortunes霉运，不幸。 前文的terrible experiences和alcoholand drugrelated都暗示了， 这是叔叔所遇到的不幸的故事， 所以选择D。11A.sink BtestCharm DexploitC解析：考查动词基本含义的辨析。 Asink 下沉； Btest测试； Charm 伤害； Dexploit开发， 利用。 文章中“我对做任何伤害我及我的朋友的事情都不感兴趣”所以选harm“伤害”。 故选C。12A.make BtakeCbring DseizeA解析：考查动词基本含义的辨析。 Amake制造； Btake带走； Cbring 带来； Dseize抓住。 结合文章句意以及上下文可知， “他是唯一一个相信我能够成功到达West Point的人”且make it 可以表示“成功做成某事”。 故选A。13A.management BaccessCpatent DpowerD解析：考查名词基本含义的辨析。 Amanagement管理； Baccess接近； Cpatent专利； Dpower权力， 力量。 结合上下文及常用表达“在他能力范围之内”所以选择power “力量”。 故选D。14A.everybody BeverythingCnobody DnothingB解析：考查不定代词基本含义的辨析。 Aeverybody每个人； Beverything每件事情； Cnobody没有人； Dnothing什么也没有。 本句译为“他是我想成为的一切(我想成为跟他一样的人)”， 侧重我想成为叔叔那样具有一切良好品质的人， 而不是我成为别人， 所以选B而非A。 故选B。15A.secure BshakyCproper DmessyA解析：考查形容词基本含义的辨析。 Asecure 有保障的； Bshaky晃动的； Cproper恰当的； Dmessy混乱的。 根据下文“他回报社区”因此判断他经济上是有保障的， 所以选A。16A.praise BrepayCpresent DrechargeB解析：考查动词基本含义的辨析。 Apraise表扬； Brepay回报； Cpresent 呈现； Drecharge再收费。 结合全文来看， 作者对Uncle Bruce很感激， 所以这里是在表达“回报”之意 。 故选B。17A.strength BhonestyCopinion DstandardC解析：考查名词基本含义的辨析。 Astrength力气； Bhonesty诚实； Copinion意见； Dstandard水平。 从上下文来看， 既然叔叔在用他的良好习惯和品质影响着我， 那么他的观点也会影响我对事物的看法， 这里应选opinion“观点，意见”。 故选C。18A.or BeitherCnor DsoC解析：考查连词基本含义的辨析。 Aor 或者； Beither或者； Cnor 也不； Dso因此， 所以。 上文中“never”表否定， 因此下文应用“nor”来搭配使用。 故选C。19A.saying BprovingCexpressing DdemandingA解析：考查动词基本含义的辨析。 Asaying说； Bproving 证明； Cexpressing 表达； Ddemanding要求。 根据文意“我不是说他很完美”。 故选A。20A.travelling BstudyingCworking DlivingD解析：考查动词基本含义的辨析。 Atravelling旅行； Bstudying学习； Cworking 工作； Dliving居住。 结合上下文可知“无法想象没有他的生活”，所以选择“living”。 故选D。.短文改错(2016石家庄模拟)On Friday，our teacher told us that there would an English corner in front of our teaching building.I set about soon after the last class in the afternoon.To my joy，the English corner had just been on for a few minute.I joined them on their talk.At first，I was afraid that my English was so poor and limit that I couldnt follow them or make myself understand.I was also afraid that anyone might laugh at me.But a smiling face here or an encouraging nod there soon put me at ease.Though I speak to them only in simple English that day, I believe in future I will make a greater progress.答案：On Friday，our teacher told us that there would , an English corner in front of our teaching building.I set soon after the last class in the afternoon.To my joy，the English corner had just been on for a few .I joined them on,in their talk.At first，I was afraid that my English was so poor and that I couldnt follow them or make myself.I was also afraid that . might laugh at me.But a smiling face here an encouraging nod there soon put me at ease.Though I to them only in simple English that day, I believe in future I will make a greater progress.
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