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单元综合测评(二)(时间：100分钟；满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)ARobert Ballard was born in 1942. From an early age, he loved the sea. Ballard grew up in Southern California. He spent his free time at the beach near his home. He enjoyed fishing and swimming. He even learned to dive.When Ballard wasnt at the ocean, he loved reading about it. At age 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo. Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up. His parents helped him follow his dream.Ballard was a hardworking student. He spent many years learning all he could about the ocean. By the age of 28, he was an expert. In 1970，he took a job as a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts. There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean. He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans. Working with other scientists, Ballard also found previously unknown sea animals. These animals lived far below the ocean s surface，where scientists had believed no animals could live. By the 1980s, Ballard s interests changed. He developed unmanned vehicles to explore the ocean bottom. His first find, the wellknown ship Titanic, made Ballard famous. He was not happy with just one big find, however.He looked forand foundother wellknown ships. One was the German battleship Bismarck. Another was the USS. Yorktown，an aircraft carrier (航空母舰) that sank during World War .Today Robert Ballard is still an underwater explorer. He also heads an organization that encourages students to learn about science. Ballard hopes that some of the students will follow in his footsteps. After all, the worlds huge oceans are mostly unknown. Who knows what remains to be discovered under the sea?【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Robert Ballard成为水下探险家的经过。1What was Ballards dream when he was young?ATo be a science teacher.BTo be a famous writer.CTo be an animal expert.DTo be an underwater explorer.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”并结合第二段第二句可知，他的梦想是成为水下探险家。【答案】D2When Ballard worked at Woods HoleOceanographic Institute, he Aexplored the undersea world by shipBthought of ideas to predictunderwater volcanoesCfound some unknown sea animals aloneDset up an organization to teachstudents science【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第六句“He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans.”可知，他想出了预测水下火山爆发的方法。【答案】B3Which is the correct order of the events mentioned in the text about Ballard?aHe found the German battleship Bismarck.bHe read a book about Captain Nemo.cHe found the famous ship Titanic.dHe became an expert in science.AbcdaBdbcaCbdcaDdcab【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，他10岁时读了有关Nemo船长的书，根据第三段内容可知，他1970年时成为一名科学家；根据第四段内容可知，到20世纪80年代，他发现了泰坦尼克号，之后发现了德国俾斯麦号战舰。【答案】C4What can we learn from the text?ABallard was greatly influenced by Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.BBallard didnt like fishing and swimming in his childhood.CBallards parents felt disappointed at his undersea adventures.DHuman beings have explored more than half of the sea.【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Robert Ballard读了海底两万里这本书使他明确了他的理想，并为之努力，最终获得了成功。因此这本书影响了他的一生。【答案】AB【导学号：15680043】Coral reefs(珊瑚礁)are not just beautiful to look at, but also very useful. They shelter nearly 25% of ocean life and provide food for billions of people. However, like many other species, this amazing ecosystem(生态系统)is in danger of dying out!There are two main reasons for the destructionthe rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation. While not much can be done about the former, the loss caused by the latter can be reduced.Bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up when filled with fish. This action damaged the ocean floor, causing the coral branches to separate from the reefs. While that is very discouraging, the good news is that if these branches are found quickly, they can be saved. At present, that work is being performed by volunteer divers. But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater, nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deepsea coral grows.However, this is not the case for Coralbotsthe robots that can constantly seek out broken branches. A team of coralbots， each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral, allowing them to regrow. They are programmed to be able to distinguish between other things and the coral. The robots work together in groups, similar to bees. If one coralbot is damaged then the others will still be able to complete the task.Dr LeaAnne Henry said: “The project of using coralbots offers us the possibility to restore(修复) the function of reefs. It is in the final stage of testing. Once ready, the researchers hope to build hundreds of them and use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.”【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。美丽的珊瑚礁不仅在维系海洋生态平衡方面起着十分重要的作用，它与我们的日常生活也息息相关。对于面临灭绝的珊瑚礁我们能做点什么呢？5Which of the following is a cause of the danger that coral reefs are facing?AThe appearance of new creatures.BThe seriously polluted sea water.CThe activities of volunteer divers.DHuman activities like bottom operation.【解析】事实细节题。根据第二段首句中的“.as well as human influences like bottom operation.”可知答案为D。【答案】D6Compared with volunteer divers, coralbots Acan stay longer underwaterBmust work as bees doCcan distinguish what is coralDcan never be damaged【解析】推理判断题。由第三段可知，目前修复受损珊瑚礁的工作由潜水志愿者完成。但他们因为不能长时间待在水下而使工作效果大打折扣。再结合第四段首句可知机器人在水下停留的时间会长些。故答案为A。【答案】A7What does the underlined word“them” in the last paragraph refer to?ACoralbots.BBroken branches.CWorking bees.DBits of coral.【解析】词义猜测题。由上文可知，修复受损珊瑚礁的机器人目前还处于调试阶段。结合语境可以推断，一旦调试完毕，研究者们希望批量生产这种机器人。因此答案为A。【答案】A8We can infer from the passage that Abottom operation has affected most underwater creaturesBbroken branches of coral can regrow if saved in timeChundreds of the coralbots have worked well in the oceansDwith the coralbots all damaged coral reefs can be restored【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知A项没有依据；由最后一段可知这种机器人尚未正式投入使用，故排除C项；由于D项中的all一词过于绝对，此项也不可选。而根据倒数第二段中的“.constantly seek out broken branches”和“.piece together damaged bits of coral，allowing them to grow.”可知答案为B。【答案】BC(2015北京高考)Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says，“These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become seethrough? Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. You dont see it you see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials skin, fat, and more and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seethrough. Others build a large, clear mass of nonliving jellylike (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a nontransparent milky white.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活在海洋中的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。9According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals Astay in groupsBcan be easily damagedCappear only in deep oceanDare beautiful creatures【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.可知，大部分的透明生物是非常脆弱的，仅碰一碰就会受到损害，故B项“很容易受到损害”正确。A项“集体待在一起”和D项“是美丽的生物”在第一段中没有提到；根据第一段中的between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet可知，它们生活在海面与海面以下大约3 300英尺之间的海水中，故C项“只出现在深海中”错误。【答案】B10The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means AsilentlyBgraduallyCregularlyDcompletely【解析】词义猜测题。由第三段可知，我们能看到物体一类是因为它们减慢了光速和对光进行了散射，使其改变了原来的路线，而另外一类是因为它们对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那么在光的传播过程中就被完全阻止了，因此这里dead意为“完全地”，故选D。【答案】D11One way for an animal to become transparent is to Achange the direction of light travelBgather materials to scatter lightCavoid the absorption of lightDgrow bigger to stop light【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.可知，想变透明就要让身体避免对光线吸收或进行散射，因此C项“避免光线的吸收”是其中的一个方法。A项“改变光传播的方向”，B项中的to scatter light(散射光)和D项中的to stop light(阻止光)都是我们可看见物体的原因，不是透明生物的特点，均应予以排除。【答案】C12The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals Amove more slowly in deep waterBstay seethrough even after deathCproduce more tissues for their survivalDtake effective action to reduce light spreading【解析】推理判断题。D项中的take effective action和最后一段倒数第二句中的an active process是同义表达，reduce light spreading和最后一段第一句中的slow down light是同义表达，故D项正确。最后一段中没有提到A、C两项；根据最后一段最后一句中的they turn a nontransparent milky white可知，它们死后会变成不透明的乳白色，故B项错误。【答案】DDWhen my father was getting ready for work，our house was ruled by knocks and words.He used to come downstairs to breakfast.The morning paper lay beside his plate.He always read the “Deaths” first，and then he knocked once on the table.One of my sisters brought his bread，already buttered for him.Usually he said nothing，but once I heard him say，“I love you very much，EdithI would love more if you buttered my bread on both sides.” He read the paper all through breakfast.Two knocks on the table meant “I am ready for my tea.” If a single knock followed，that meant，“More bread，please.”After breakfast he said，“Boots.” The paper was spread(展开) for him over the back of an armchair.Yesterdays paper was put on the chair for his feet，and his boots were brought to him，freshly cleaned.He read standing at the same time putting on his boots.With one boot finished he said，“Bus.” At that point one of the girls went outside to the garden gate and waited there.Her job was to stop a bus when it came.It came early sometimes and it had to wait for my father.“Overcoat，hat.” One of my sisters had already brushed his overcoat.Now she held it open for him.Another girl came with his hat，nicely brushed.“Handkerchief，pipe(烟斗)” They were brought and put，with his tobacco(烟草)，into his pocket.He looked out of the window and said either “Walking stick” or “Umbrella”It was handed to him.Ready now，he was still reading the paper.He didnt put it down until he heard the shout “Bus coming！” Then he kissed my mother and went out.The girls breathed freely.How lucky a man was to have a wife and five daughters at home!【语篇解读】本文讲一个幸福的男人在早上由他的五个女儿和妻子服侍的故事。13When the father made the first knock，he meant .Ahe had begun to read the morning newspaperBhe was made to feel sad by the“Deaths” newsChe would start to read the other parts of the paperDhis breakfast should begin【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句 then he knocked once on the table.One of my sisters brought his bread，already buttered for him 可知答案为 D。【答案】D14What does “Edith” mean? AA kind of bread.BOne of the writers sisters.CThe writer.DThe writers mother.【解析】词义猜测题。根据 I love you very much，Edith.I would love more if you buttered my bread on both sides 可知 Edith 是他女儿的名字。【答案】B15From the story we may see that Athe father was so lazy that he hardly did anythingBthe father was the “centre” of the familyCevery girl in the family was afraid to do wrong because they didnt know clearly enough what to doDthe father was hated by all his daughters【解析】推理推断题。看过全文我们知道整个早上他家里所有的人都在为他服务，由此可以看出他的家是以他为中心的，因此应该选择 B。【答案】B.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 16 You probably think you will never be a top student.This is not necessarily so, however.Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.Heres how：Plan your time carefully.When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do.After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time.First set your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc.Then decide a good, regular time for studying. 17 A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.Find a good place to study.Look around the house for a good study area.Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials.No games, radios, or television.When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.Make good use of your time in class. 18 Listening carefully in class means less work later.Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.Study regularly.When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day and read that material. 19 If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and youll remember it longer.Develop a good attitude towards tests.The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.They help you remember your new knowledge.The world wont end if you dont pass a test, so dont be over worried. 20 You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.AThere are many methods that might help you with your studying.BDont forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.CTake advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.DNo one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.EMaybe you are an average student.FMake full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.GThis will help you understand the next class.【答案】1620EBCGA.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)【导学号：15680044】Nellie Melba was Australias “Queen of Opera”. She was born in Melbourne in 1861 and her 21 name was Helen Porter Mitchell. She grew up in a musical family where she showed great 22 in music and studied it. When she was 20, Helen Mitchell married the manager of a Queensland sugar farm. 23 she was not happy and the next year she went back to Melbourne to 24 her music and 25 lessons. She wanted to make a 26 for herself as an opera singer.In 1886 she went to London. But 27 there seemed interested in this young 28 singer from Australia. She went to Paris to have lessons from a wellknown teacher. In December 1886 she gave a 29 in which she used the name “Nellie Melba” in honor of Melbourne，her 30 Nellie Melba was soon a 31 . She sang in London, Europe，Russia and America. She was paid 32 every time she sang. In 1902 she 33 to Melbourne, which was well 34 and thousands of people 35 in the streets for her. They waved and 36 as she drove by. From then on she 37 her time between London and 38 . During World War she sang in many concerts to 39 money for her country.In 1918 Nellie Melba was 40 a dame (an important woman) of the British Empire.【语篇解读】Helen Porter Mitchell于1861年出生在墨尔本。她出生于音乐世家，对音乐非常感兴趣。20岁时嫁给了昆士兰州的一个老板，但是婚姻并不幸福。后来又回到了家乡继续她的音乐生涯，她到了伦敦未得到认可，然后去巴黎从师于一位著名的教师，后来成为著名歌星，1902年返回家乡时，成千上万的人在大街上迎接她。21A.realBrightCtrueDfamily【解析】演员通常有艺名和原名，人们常提起的是艺名，因此这里指她的真名叫Helen Porter Mitchell，而true意为“真的”与false(假的)相对。【答案】A22A.loveBinterestCpowerDexpert【解析】show interest in 为固定词组，表示“对表现出兴趣”。【答案】B23A.AndBStillCButDBecause【解析】根据not happy可知此处表示转折。她嫁了人却并不幸福。【答案】C24A.continueBstudyCtakeDkeep【解析】这里指她回到墨尔本，“继续”她的音乐课程。【答案】A25A.pianoBsingingCdancingDlanguage【解析】她对音乐感兴趣，因此，她应该上音乐课，此处指演唱课程。【答案】B26A.storyBsongCnameDpart【解析】make a name for sb. as sth.为固定词组，表示“某人作为而成名”，有时也可把make换成win。【答案】C27A.everybodyBallCno oneDnone【解析】她来到伦敦，希望能够取得成功，但是，似乎没有人对她感兴趣，因此，她又去巴黎，从师于一位著名的教师。no one表示“没有人”，相当于nobody。【答案】C28A.unknownBwellknownCfamousDsuccessful【解析】当时，她来到伦敦希望成功，当然是一个不知名的歌手。【答案】A29A.lessonBlectureCconcertDreport【解析】一个歌手当然是举办音乐会。【答案】C30A.familyBhometownCteacherBschool【解析】由文中第一段第二句话可知她出生在Melbourne，所以说Melbourne就是她的故乡。【答案】B31A.starBsingerCprofessorDteacher【解析】很快，她成为歌星，star此处表示歌星。【答案】A32A.goodBbadlyClittleDwell【解析】她成了歌星，报酬当然会很高。well此处用来修饰pay，pay为动词，应用副词修饰。【答案】D33A.returnedBwentCgotDdrove【解析】她一直在外学习、演出，1902年她又回到故乡，故用return。【答案】A34A.organizedBdressedCcleanedDbuilt【解析】此处dress表示“装扮、装饰”之意。城市被装扮一新。【答案】B35A.linedBstoodCcrowdedDwaited【解析】有成千上万的人在街上等着看她。wait与后面的for搭配构成wait for意为“等待”。line沿排成行；crowd拥挤。【答案】D36A.laughedBcheeredCshoutedDcried【解析】wave挥手，cheer欢呼，因为大家都很喜欢她，所以大家热烈地欢迎她。【答案】B37A.dividedBseparatedCspentDlived【解析】divide可与between连用，between后常接具体的事。这里表示她在伦敦和澳大利亚之间来回跑。【答案】A38A.AmericaBRussiaCAustraliaDFrance【解析】从第一段第一句“AustraliasQueen of opera”以及第二段第二句“this young 28 singer from Australia”可以判断出，她是澳大利亚人，她在伦敦与家乡之间来回跑，即她在伦敦和澳大利亚之间来回跑。【答案】C39A.earnBcollectCmakeDbring【解析】她开演唱会，为她的祖国募集钱。collect表“收集，募集”。【答案】B40A.calledBmadeCgivenDthought【解析】make sb. sth.使某人成为sb.be made sth.某人成为【答案】B.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)When I was a tenyearold girl，I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life”To talk before the whole class！Just imagine how 41. (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other 42. (choose)，though.First I was to draft the speech and that was just a piece of cake for me，because I was a good writersomething to pride myself in.But the hard part 43. (lie) in my oral presentation；to read from 44. paper was not allowed；I had to give the speech 45. my memory and in front of such a big audience！A real trial began when I stood on the platform with my legs 46. (tremble) and my mind blank.How much time had passed by，I didnt know.My listeners were still waiting，patiently and without any signs of rushing me.Gradually I found 47. back，giving out my speech with difficulty.Finally I finished.After 48. seemed to be a hundred years，I found my audience applauding.I made it！From then on，my fear of talking before an audience disappeared.Actually with my confidence building up，I now turn out to be a great speak
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