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Unit 3 Under the sea.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。ALarry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探险)but this time, it was different.He decided to take his daughter along with him.She was only ten years old.This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.Larry first began diving when he was his daughters age.Similarly, his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions.Since then, he had never looked back.Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore.He had hated them.They were either too big or too small.Then, there was the instructor.He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father.He had made an exception.Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide.Children his age were not even allowed to dive.After the first expedition, Larrys later diving adventures only got better and better.There was never a dull moment.In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean.Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search.Sometimes, he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.Larrys first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands.There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them.Fortunately for him，a man offered to take him around the different spots for free.Larry did not even know what the time was, how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.Already，she looked like she was much braver than Larry had been then.This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位名叫Larry的海底探险家准备带他的女儿去海底探险，并由此回忆起了他自己的第一次探险以及后来探险的经历。1In what way was this expedition different for Larry?AHis daughter had grown up.BHe had become a famous diver.CHis father would dive with him.DHis daughter would dive with him.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中第一句“.it was different.”以及第二句“He decided to take his daughter along with him.”可知，这一次的不同之处在于他的女儿将与他一起潜水，故选D项。根据第一段第三句“She was only ten years old.”可知A项错误。B、C两项均不符合题意。【答案】D2What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?ALarry had some privileges.BLarry liked the rented diving suits.CDivers had to buy diving equipment.DTenyearold children were permitted to dive.【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句“Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide.Children his age were not even allowed to dive.”可知，每次潜水前都有导师指导并训练他，在他那个年龄的孩子甚至不被允许去潜水，由此可推断，他有一些特权，故选A项，同时可推知D项错误。根据该段第四、五句“.by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore.He had hated them.”可知B项错误。C项在本段中找不到相关信息。【答案】A3Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes?ATo protect himself from danger.BTo dive into the deep water.CTo admire the underwater view.DTo take photos more conveniently.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第四、五句“Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search.Sometimes，he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.”可知，让他待在笼子里应该是为了保护他，故选A项。考生根据最后一句易误选C、D两项，其实这句话只是对“but that did not bother him”的补充，而不是Larry不得不待在笼子里的原因，故不能选。【答案】A4What did Larry expect his daughter to do?ABecome a successful diver.BMake a good diving guide.CTake a lot of photos underwater.DHave longer hours of training.【解析】细节理解题。根据本文最后一句“This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.”可知，Larry期望他的女儿成为一位成功的潜水员。【答案】ABOnce when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had: Be bold(大胆的，英勇的) and braveand mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat.And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize.Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line，” said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bulletand stopped him cold.”Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely, there will be setbacks and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilitiesand youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。作者联系自己的经历说明了勇气的重要性，并鼓励人们要有勇气和胆量。5Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?AHe faced huge risks.BHe lacked mighty forces.CFear prevented him from trying.DFailure blocked his way to success.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.可知，作者过去不能实现目标，是因为他害怕失败，不敢去尝试。【答案】C6What was especially important for Tims successful defense in the football game?AHis physical strength.BHis basic skill.CHis real fear.DHis spiritual force.【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones.In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player，.”“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bulletand stopped him cold.”可知是精神的力量使得提姆在足球比赛中成功防卫。【答案】D7What can be learned from Paragraph 5?AConfidence grows more rapidly in adults.BTrying without success is meaningless.CRepeated failure creates a better life.DBoldness can be gained little by little.【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段的Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight.可知勇气是逐渐获得的。【答案】D8What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?ATo encourage people to be courageous.BTo advise people to build up physical power.CTo tell people the ways to guarantee success.DTo recommend people to develop more abilities.【解析】推理判断题。纵观全文可以看出，文章主要讲述了作者以前由于胆怯，不敢尝试，从而导致失败，朋友的鼓励让他明白了勇气的重要性。因此作者写作的目的是鼓励人们要勇敢。【答案】ACIf you think by examining someones facial expressions you can judge if he has good or bad luck in the stock market, think again.A study published in the journal, Science, has shown that body language provides a better signal in judging whether the observed subject has just gone through an intensely positive or negative experience.To test highly intense faces, Dr.Hillel Aviezer and his colleagues presented test groups with photos of dozens of highly intense facial expressions in reallife situations.In one study, they compared emotional expressions of professional tennis players winning or losing a point.To discover exactly how people view images, the researchers showed different editions of the pictures to three groups of participants：1) the full picture with the face and body；2) the body with the face removed；3) the face with the body removed.Remarkably, participants could easily pick the losers from winners when they judged by the full picture or the body alone, but they only had a 50：50 chance of being right when judging by the face alone.Strangely, the participants，who viewed the full image believed that it was the face, not the body, that revealed the persons emotions.In an additional study, the researchers performed the same series of tests, asking viewers to examine a wider range of reallife intense faces.Again，viewers were unable to tell faces in positive situations from negative situations.The researchers also “planted” faces on bodies expressing positive or negative emotions.Sure enough, the researchers discovered that the emotion of the same face on different bodies was determined by the body on which it appeared.“These results show that when emotions become extremely intense, the difference between positive and negative facial expressions no longer seems clear，” says Aviezer.“The findings challenge classic behavioral models, in which the boundary between positive and negative emotions is clear.”Aviezer adds, “The results may help researchers understand how body and facial expressions interact during emotional situations.For example, individuals with autism (自闭症)may fail to recognize facial expressions, but if trained to read important body language signs, their_performance may significantly improve.”【语篇解读】如果你认为通过检测一个人的面部表情可以判断他在股市是好运还是运气很差，那你就重新再考虑一下吧。研究发现，在人们大喜大悲时，身体语言比面部表情更能表达人们的心情。9What can we learn from the first study?AThe participants were divided into three groups.BHalf the participants judged right by the body alone.CThe participants couldnt judge by the face alone.DAll participants believed faces showed emotions.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“To discover exactly how people view images, the researchers showed different editions of the pictures to three groups of participants”可知参与者被分成了三组。故A项正确。【答案】A10Which method was used in both studies?AJudging facial expressions of people in the stock market.BPicking losers from winners among professional tennis players.CShowing pictures with the face, body or both to participants.DPutting faces on bodies for positive or negative emotions.【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段和第四段内容“The researchers also planted faces on bodies expressing positive or negative emotions.”可知C项正确。【答案】C11What does the underlined part “their performance” refer to?APicking losers from winners.BUnderstanding different emotions.CRecognizing facial expressions.DReading body language signs.【解析】词义理解题。根据文章最后一段内容“individuals with autism (自闭症) may fail to recognize facial expressions, but if trained to read important body language signs, their_performance may significantly improve”可知自闭症的人可能不能识别面部表情，不过如果被培训阅读身体语言符号的话，他们的表现可能会得到很大的改善。故B项正确。【答案】B12What can we conclude from the study?AOne cannot judge someones emotions by facial expressions.BThe boundary between positive and negative emotions is clear.CIts easier to tell positive emotions from negative ones if theyre tenser.DBody language is a better choice to judge intense emotions.【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“.has shown that body language provides a better signal in judging whether the observed subject has just gone through an intensely positive or negative experience.”可知D项正确。【答案】DD(2016全国甲卷)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstandingundoubtedly firstrate photojournalismif they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scotts last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worlds imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。1914年到1916年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生海难，其中一个摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。13What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?AThey were made last week.BThey showed undersea sceneries.CThey were found by a cameraman.DThey recorded a disastrous adventure.【解析】细节理解题。由题干中的the photos taken by Hurley定位到文章第二段开头。该段说这些照片即使是上个星期拍的也堪称佳作，故A项错误；该段中还说照片是在一次海难之后拍的，故D项正确；文章没有说拍摄的是海底景观，故B项错误；拍摄者是摄影师，但没有说是一名摄影师发现了这些照片，故C项错误。【答案】D14Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?AFrank Hurley.BErnest Shackleton.CRobert Falcon Scott.DCaroline Alexander.【解析】推理判断题。由题干中的“第一个到达南极”这条信息定位到第三段。被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比Robert Falcon Scott船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断Robert Falcon Scott是最先到达南极的人，故选C项。【答案】C15What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?AArtistic creation.BScientific research.CMoney making.DTreasure hunting.【解析】细节理解题。题干的Alexander在最后一段出现，the 1914 voyage指本文谈到的Endurance这艘船的探险，该段开头说，这个作家在她的小说The Endurance中说，在那时，探险就已经是纯商业活动(a thoroughly commercial effort)了，因此1914年航行的目的是赚钱(money making)，故选C项。A项“艺术创作”，B项“科学调研”，D项“寻宝”，均未体现。【答案】C.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every single decision we make shapes our current reality._16_So if youre unsatisfied with your life right now, making the effort to change your decisions will be the key to creating the life you want to have in the future.Realize the power of decision making._17_When you decide to pick up a cigarette, that decision might result in you picking up another later on.But if you decide not to smoke that first cigarette and make a decision to focus your attention somewhere else, your desire will eventually weaken and you will become smokefree._18_ When you make a decision, act on it.Commit to making a real decision.Whats a real decision? Its when you decide on something, and that decision is carried out through action.Its pointless to make a decision in your head, but not doing anything about it.Thats the same as not making a decision at all.Tell others about your decisions.Sometimes telling other people what were going to do will make us follow through.Ive been trying to become an early riser but waking up early without falling back asleep felt impossible.So I made the decision to tell people that I would wake up at 6 am.and stay up._19_ Have fun making decisions._20_I know decisionmaking might not be a fun thing, but when you do it often, youll learn a lot about yourself on the way，and youll become more confident, and making decisions will just become so easier that you wont even think about it.AEnjoy the process.BCarry your decision out.CExamine the decisions you now have.DAny decision you make causes a chain of events.EWithin two days, I was able to accomplish doing this.FBut we often go through life unaware what actions we are taking.GBefore making a decision, you have to understand what a decision does.16F文章第一句话的意思是“我们所做的每一个决定都影响着我们的现在。”16题后的一句话的意思是“所以如果你对目前的生活不满意，”，据此16题空上应填一句连接前后两句的句子，F项意为“但是我们经常度过自己的人生，却不知道自己做了什么”。17D第二段的标题意为“意识到决定的巨大力量。”空后以吸烟为例，介绍了如果你决定吸烟和决定不吸烟产生的不同的一系列影响，所以此空应填D，意为“你所做的任何决定都会产生一系列影响。”18B本段主要内容是如果你做了一个决定，就要将其付诸行动，否则和没做决定一样，所以标题应为B，意为“实施你的决定。”19E本段主要观点是“将你的决定告诉别人。”作者举自己决定早起的例子来对观点进行说明，最后一句应为作者通过实践“将决定告诉别人”所达到的效果，所以应为E，意为“两天我就能够做到了”。20A本段标题意为“享受做决定的快乐。”正文主要告诉读者如何做到享受做决定这一乐事，所以此空应为A，意为“享受做决定的过程。”.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Everyone has a weakness and thats OK.If we _21_ doing what we are strong at and let others do things we are weak at, we will get much more _22_.This is where team work comes in.Not everyone can do _23_.I have two daughters.One is very _24_， with People Intelligence, the other is shy but, is very _25_ in the written word.Over the years they have both _26_ to be like the other.I have told them both “your sister is able to do some things you cant_27_ you also can do things that she cant”You have your own _28_ gifts and talents.That is your _29_.That is what makes you unique.Dont worry if you cant be like her.You are special and you will succeed in different _30_.They finally stopped _31_ themselves to each other.I also believe that they wont compare themselves to other people _32_ they know that they are special and have something to _33_ to this world.I believe that _34_ this to your children is one of the greatest gifts you can give them.For them to _35_ their strengths and weaknesses, allows them to realize that they are _36_ just the way they are.When your child knows their strengths and weaknesses they will be able to _37_ because they can focus on what they love.When anyone focuses on what they _38_ doing they can easily accomplish more because it doesnt seem like _39_ to them.They are energized by doing it _40_ having the feeling Im doing this because I have to.【语篇解读】每个人都有自己的弱点，那没什么。如果我们专注于我们的强项，让别人做我们不擅长做的，我们就会获得一定的成就。21A.look forBfocus onCgo on Dtake over【解析】从下文可知，作者强调，我们要“专注”于我们的强项，故用focus on。【答案】B22A.accomplished BinfluencedCencouraged Dcompleted【解析】从下文可知，就作者的观点，只要我们专注于我们的强项或者优势，就能够获得一定的“成就”。【答案】A23A.nothing BanythingCsomething Deverything 【解析】根据语境可知，作者的意思是，我们每个人不可能“什么事情”都能做，所以使用not.everything 表示部分否定。【答案】D24A.goodmannered BwarmheartedCoutgoing Deasygoing【解析】根据上下文，作者两个女儿性格不同，第一个性格“外向”。【答案】C25A.intelligent Bdiligent Cfluent Dactive【解析】作者的第二个女儿，虽然性格内向，但是在文字方面比较有“天赋”，intelligent表示“聪明的”。【答案】A26A.decide BexpectCtend Dwished 【解析】此处说明，两个女儿都羡慕对方，“希望”成为对方。【答案】D27A.so BandCor Dthus【解析】此处是并列关系，说明两个女儿各自有强项和弱项。【答案】B28A.common BobviousCspecial Dprecious【解析】作者强调两个女儿都有自己“独特的”天赋。【答案】C29A.value BexperienceCpurpose Dstrength【解析】作者想表明这种独特的天赋就是她们的“强项”。【答案】D30A.areas BtimesCstages Doccasions【解析】作者劝导女儿们，由于各自的天赋，也使她们终究会在不同的“领域、方面”取的成功。【答案】A31A.rating BcomparingCexpressing Dcomforting【解析】根据上文，经过作者的耐心劝导，两个女儿不再相互“比较”了。【答案】B32A.unless BonceCbecause Dalthough【解析】此处说明，作者的两个女儿也不会跟其他人比较的原因，故用because 引导原因状语从句。【答案】C33A.give BshareCpass Dconvey【解析】根据后面的对象(the world)，选择“给予(give)”，作者相信女儿们能为这个世界奉献一些东西，给予这个世界一些东西。【答案】A34A.leaving BimpressingCdescribing Dcommunicating【解析】作者认为，我们应该把上述观念“传递”给自己的孩子，communicate, “交流”，最接近语境。【答案】D35A.cover BacknowledgeCdistinguish Dprove【解析】我们还要做的是，让孩子“承认”自己的优点和缺点。【答案】B36A.wonderful BhealthyCclever Dright【解析】让孩子明白，他们现在的样子，就刚刚好。【答案】A37A.understand BlearnCsucceed Dgrow【解析】作者观点，孩子
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