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专题03 形容词和副词往年考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。近三年来考点开始涉及多个形容词作前置定语的排列顺序、形容词及形容词短语作状语，形容词和副词的词义比较和具体运用。要复习好这一块的知识，考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。热点题型一 形容词、副词的比较等级例1、 How was your recent trip to Sichuan?Ive never had _one before.A. a pleasant B. a more pleasantC. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant【答案】B【提分秘籍】1形容词或副词的as.as结构两者相比，当AB时，用“asadj./adv.原级as”来表示。如：Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。双方相比，当AB，或指A的程度较低时，用“not as/so adj./adv.原级as”表示。如：He does not work as/so hard as his sister.他不如他妹妹学习努力。2形容词或副词的比较级than当双方比较，AB时，用“比较级than”结构。当A不及B的程度时，用“lessadj./adv.原级than”的结构。如：I dont think maths is more important than physics.I think maths is less important than physics.我认为数学没有物理重要。【特别提醒】 (1)quite只可用于quite better结构中，表示“病已经好多了”。(2)by far与far的区别：far只用于“far比较级”结构中，其他情况下都用by far来加强语气。如：He is far better today.He is better by far today.He is by far the best student in our class.(3)many与much的区别：修饰可数名词复数时，用many，其他情况下都用much。如：The hens have laid many more eggs than before.这些鸡产的蛋比以前多多了。There is much more water in this river.这条河里有更多的水。He is much cleverer.他更加聪明了。4“the比较级，the比较级”结构表示“越越”The more tickets you sell ，the more money you will get.你票卖得越多，你得到的钱就会越多。5当三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用最高级这种句式中一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语；最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语修饰。如：The building being built now is by far the highest in the city.目前在建的那座大楼是本市最高的大楼。6比较级表示最高级含义(1)比较级than any other可数名词单数。如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。(2)比较级than all(the)other可数名词复数。如：China is larger than all the other Asian countries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。(3)no/never/nothing.比较级。如：Nothing is more valuable than time.时间比任何东西都珍贵。(4)“否定词不定冠词形容词的比较级名词”或“否定词副词的比较级”表示“从未；未曾”。如：This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one.这部电影很感人，我从没有看到过比它更好的了。【举一反三】 The staterun company is required to make its accounts as_as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.A. transparent B. reasonableC. secure D. formal【答案】A【解析】transparent“透明的”；reasonable“合理的”；secure“安全的”；formal“正式的”。句意：国有企业要求账务做得尽可能的公开透明，让全体员工都能监督资金的使用。故A项正确。热点题型二 形容词修饰名词 例2、 She has bought herself _ _ dress.A. a cotton purple expensive B. an expensive purple cottonC. a purple expensive cotton D. a cotton expensive purple【答案】B【提分秘籍】 1多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。它们的顺序是：限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)数词(序数词基数词)描绘性形容词(nice，good，interesting，beautiful.)特征形容词(大小、长短、高低形状年龄、新旧)颜色形容词国籍、出处物质、材料用途、类别中心名词。我们可以用下面的一段顺口溜帮助记忆：限数描、大长高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。在实际运用中，很少会同时出现这么多修饰词，但我们必须记住以上规则。此外，还应当多阅读，多体会，以增强语感。如：another three English books另外三本英语书；all these last few days最近的这些日子；a beautiful white Chinese military jeep一辆漂亮的白色中国军用吉普车形容词作定语时，我们尤其要记住下列两种特殊结构：(1)so/how/as/too/thatadj.a(n)单数名词(2)rather/quite/what/sucha(n)adj.单数名词2形容词作定语后置的几种情况(1)当形容词修饰由some，any，no，every构成的复合词，如something，anything，nothing等时形容词须后置。如：Is there anything new in todays newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗？(2)当“形容词介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：There is a bag full of rice on his table.他的桌上有满满一袋米。(3)当两个意义相反的形容词用both.and.，and，or或so连接在一起作定语时。如：People in the village, young and old, men and women are fond of singing and dancing.村里的男女老幼都喜爱唱歌跳舞。(4)当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。如：The peasants dug a well about fifty metres deep.农民们挖了一口约五十米深的井。(5)有些表语形容词作定语。如afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，ashamed，worth等。如：Tom was the only boy awake at that time.汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。热点题型三 形容词、副词的辨析例3It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is_another to play it well yourself.A. quite B. veryC. rather D. much【答案】A【解析】quite another表示“完全不同”。句意：喜欢听好音乐是一回事，但你自己演奏得好完全是另一回事。【提分秘籍】1形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看作是“being形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开He lay in bed，wide awake.他躺在床上，完全清醒着。He went to bed, cold and hungry.他上床睡觉，又冷又饿。2副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾Fortunately，he escaped from the fire.他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。3有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同不带ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念(也就是词的本义)；加ly的往往表示的是抽象概念(也就是词的引申义)。close接近(指距离)closely仔细地，密切地；free免费freely自由地，自如地；deep深地deeply深刻地，深入地；hard努力地hardly几乎不；wide充分(张开)地，宽阔地widely广泛地；high高地highly高度地，非常；late迟，晚lately最近，近来；near邻近地nearly几乎；most最mostly主要地。如：He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates.他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高，赢得了他的同学们的高度赞扬。一般说来，形容词ly构成的是副词，如：deeply，highly，widely等；名词ly构成的是形容词或名词，如：friendly，brotherly，lovely，weekly，monthly等。4rather，very，quite，fairly的区别(1)rather常用于不愉快的场合，用来修饰贬义的形容词或副词，如bad，poor，badly等；fairly常用于较愉快的场合，用来修饰表示赞美的褒义形容词或副词，如nice，well，clever等。如：She is fairly clever, but does rather badly in her lessons.她很聪明，但功课相当差。(2)如果修饰中性的形容词或副词，如easy，fast，thin等，fairly表示肯定概念，即说话人的态度是赞美的、满意的；而rather表示否定概念，即说话人是不满意的。如：The soup is fairly hot.这汤还算热。(表示喜欢热汤)The soup is rather hot.这汤太烫了。(表示讨厌太烫的汤)rather可用在similar，different，too以及介词like，形容词、副词的比较级之前，也可修饰动词，而fairly，quite则不能，但可以说quite better。如：今天比昨天暖和得多。It is fairly warmer today than yesterday.It is rather warmer today than yesterday.(3)quite表示的程度比fairly深，表示主观看法，可理解为“十分”。如：The news is quite amazing.这消息十分惊人。(4)fairly只能用在不定冠词之后；而quite和rather位于不定冠词前、后皆可。如：This is a fairly heavy/rather a heavy/a rather heavy/a quite heavy/quite a heavy job for us.对我们来说，这真是一项相当繁重的工作。另外，rather有时跟褒义词尤其是表示“好”的词连用时，强调被修饰词的程度，可与fairly，quite互换。如：Your English is rather/fairly/quite good.你的英语相当好。在高考试题中，经常会考查形容词同义词和副词同义词的辨析，所以我们在学习中要注意它们在不同语句中的用法差异。以下是常见的几组同义词：alone，lonely；calm, quiet, silent, still; older, elder; farther, further; fast，quick, soon, rapid; living, alive, live, lively; real, true; high，tall; ill, sick; likely, possible, probable; no more than, not more than; no less than, not less than; too much, much too；yet, still; no longer, no more; almost, nearly；just, very。【举一反三】 Be _you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time. Areasonable Bconfident Ccreative Dgrateful 【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项reasonable表示“合理的；公平的”；B项confident表示“自信的”；C项creative表示“有创造力的；创造(性)的”;D项grateful表示“感激的”。由破折号后面的关键信息可知说话者对“finish all this work in so little time”很不满,要求讲道理。be reasonable为祈使语气，意为“要讲道理”。句意：要讲道理你不能期望我在如此短的时间里完成所有这些工作呀。 【2016江苏】31.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most_statements of how, and on whatbasis, data are collected.A. explicitB.ambiguousC.originalD.arbitrary【答案】A【考点】考查形容词词义辨析.【2016浙江】13. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience , _ if you are travelling at high speed.A. eventually B. strangely C. merely D. especially【答案】D【解析】句意：突然停止可能是一个可怕的经历，尤其是如果你以高速运行的时候。A.最终；B.奇怪地；C.仅仅地；D.尤其地。故选D。【考点】考查副词辨析。【2015浙江】14. Listening is thus an active, not a , behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.A. considerate B. sensitive C. reliable D. passive【答案】D【2015四川】9.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze【答案】C【解析】本句考查形容词作状语。本句考查形容词作伴随状语，意为：小Tom坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞，很吃惊。主要考查B、C之间的区别，选项B意为：令人吃惊的，常修饰物；而选项C意为：感到吃惊的，常修饰人。根据句意，本题选择C。【2015四川】7.Andy is content with the toy. It is he has ever got.A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best【答案】D【解析】考查最高级和比较级。根据上一句话可知，Andy对这个玩具很满意，故选择D，意为：这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。【2015福建】23.It was_of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.A. carelessB. considerateC. patientD. generous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析A.careless不小心的；B.considerate体贴的；C.Patient有耐心的；D.generous慷慨的。该句意思为：麦克真是体贴，他通知我们他会迟点来以防我们着急。故选B【2015江苏】31.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial【答案】A【解析】句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。【2015安徽】26.Im so _ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. A. specialB. superiorC. gratefulD. attractive【答案】C【2015安徽】31.They gave money to the old peoples home either _ or through their companies. A. legallyB. sincerelyC. personallyD. deliberately【答案】C【解析】句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是一个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。A合法地；B真诚地；C亲自，当面地，个人而言；D故意地。故选C。【2015湖北】27.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_.A. accurate B. punctual C. efficient D. reasonable 【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要准时的话，还是必须快点。A项“精确的”；B项“守时的，准时的”；C项“有效率的”；D项“合理的”。故选D项。【2015湖北】28.I dont think what he said is _ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar【答案】C【解析】句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项“忠实的，忠诚的”；B项“与平行”；C项“和相关”；D项“和相似”。be relevant to“和相关”。故选C项。1(2014江苏卷)I cant meet you on Sunday.Ill be_occupied.(also, just, nevertheless, otherwise)【答案】otherwise【解析】本题考查语境选词。句意：星期天我不能见你了。我要忙别的事情。otherwise在牛津词典中如此解释：in a different way to the way mentioned，例句：He should have been working，but he was otherwise engaged.他应该在工作，可他却干别的事。朗文辞典直接把otherwise engaged作为短语，意为“忙于别的事情”。考生比较容易误选just，代入后翻译为“我就是很忙”，在社交场合，这是不礼貌的表达。2(2014浙江卷)Joe is proud and_，never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.(strict, sympathetic, stubborn, sensitive)【答案】stubborn【解析】本题结合形容词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：乔既骄傲又_，从不承认他错了，而且总是找别人来承担责任。strict严格的；sympathetic有同情心的；stubborn固执的；sensitive敏感的。由后面的关键词never admitting he is wrong可知，乔很固执(stubborn)。3(2014浙江卷)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others_.(blindly, unwillingly, closely, carefully)【答案】blindly4(2014福建卷)With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n)_way of reaching target customers.(temporary, complex, accurate, efficient)【答案】efficient【解析】本题考查语境选词。句意：随着网上购物变得越来越流行，网络被看作是一种吸引目标顾客的_的方法。temporary暂时的；complex复杂的；accurate准确的，精确的；efficient有效率的，效率高的。根据句中的关键词increasingly popular(越来越受欢迎)可知，网络是一种吸引目标顾客的有效的(efficient)方法。5(2014安徽卷)My good performance in the job interview left me_about my future and about what I can do here.(puzzled, sensitive, optimistic, embarrassed)【答案】optimistic【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据performance前的good可知应选optimistic，求职面试中表现好，自然就会对未来持“乐观、积极的”态度，而不是puzzled“困惑的”、sensitive“敏感的”或embarrassed“尴尬的”态度。句意：我在求职面试中的良好表现让我对我的未来以及我可以在这里做什么持乐观的态度。6(2014江西卷)Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldnt have found it _.(nowhere, however, otherwise, instead)【答案】otherwise【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：谢谢你给我们指明方向，否则我们不可能找到这栋房子。otherwise表示“否则”，符合语境。而nowhere“无处”，however“然而”，instead“取代”，均不符合句意。7(2014大纲全国卷)Raymonds parents wanted him to have_(good) possible education.【答案】the best【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：Raymond的父母想让他拥有可能的最好的教育。根据句意可知，此处应用“the形容词最高级”来表示三者或三者以上程度最高。8(2014湖北卷)What was so _(impress) about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.【答案】impressive【解析】本题考查形容词。句意：关于Jasmine Westland的胜利让人印象如此深刻(impressive)的是她光着脚丫在马拉松比赛中夺得了第一名。9(2014湖北卷)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a _(tolerate) smile and let him go.【答案】tolerant【解析】本题考查形容词。句意：她没有责备那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是给他一个宽容的(tolerant)微笑，并让他走了。10(2014湖北卷)Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _(sharp)，“Dont be so mean，” pointing a finger of warning at her.【答案】sharply 1. In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are_.A. special B. regionalC. optional D. original【答案】C【解析】句意：在那所学校，英语是所有学生必修的，但是法语和俄语则是可以选修的。special“特殊的，特别的”；regional“地区的，区域的”；optional“可选的，并非必须的”；original“起初的，原来的”。2. The professor could tell by the_look in Marias eyes that she didnt understand a single word of his lecture.A. cold B. blankC. innocent D. fresh【答案】B【解析】cold“冷的，冷淡的”；blank“茫然的，无表情的”；innocent“天真的，清白的，无辜的”； fresh“新鲜的，清新的”。句意：从玛丽亚茫然的眼神中教授能够断定她根本不明白他讲课的内容。故选B项。3. My schedule is very_right now, but Ill try to fit you in.A. tight B. shortC. regular D. flexible【答案】A【解析】tight“紧的，密封的，没空的”；short“短的，短缺的”；regular“定期的；有规律的”；flexible“灵活的”。句意：我的日程现在安排很紧，但我会尽力为你腾出时间。故选A项。4. Nowadays, there is a_increase in childrens creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.A. sharp B. slightC. natural D. modest【答案】A5. The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was _， though slow. A. shaky B. heavyC. casual D. steady【答案】D【解析】shaky“摇晃的”；heavy“沉重的”；casual“随便的”；steady“稳定的”。句意：这位年迈的工程师穿过房间，脚步很慢却步伐稳健，布满皱纹的古铜色的脸上目光炯炯。故D项符合句意。6. _， I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.A. Hopefully B. NormallyC. Thankfully D. Conveniently【答案】C【解析】hopefully“有希望地，有前途地”；normally“正常地，一般地，通常，常态地”；thankfully“感谢地，感激地”；conveniently“方便地，便利地”。句意：谢天谢地，我设法通过了比赛，因而为此所受的苦最终是值得的。7. The young man couldnt afford a new car. _， he bought a used one.A. Besides B. OtherwiseC. Instead D. Still【答案】C【解析】besides“此外”；otherwise“否则”；instead“作为替代，反而”；still“仍旧”。由句子中的couldnt afford a new car和bought a used one可知此处应用instead表示“instead of buying a new one”。句意：那个年轻人买不起新汽车。作为替代，他买了一辆二手车。故选C项。8. Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as_else.A. anything B. somethingC. anywhere D. somewhere【答案】C【解析】句意：因为人们喜欢幽默，所以它在交际以及任何场合下都受到人们的欢迎。anything“任何东西”；something“某些东西”；anywhere“任何地方”；somewhere“有些地方”。根据句意，强调任意场合，故选C项。9. Ive been writing this report_for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.A. finally B. immediatelyC. occasionally D. certainly【答案】C【解析】finally “最后”；immediately“立刻，马上”；occasionally“偶尔，有时候，不时地”；certainly“当然，必定”。10.The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.Why? Its_than the films I have ever seen. A. far more interesting B. much less interestingC. no more interesting D. any less interesting【答案】A【解析】考查形容词。根据题中“not a bit interesting”可知，说话人认为这部电影实在是没意思。再根据答语中“Why？”可知，第二个人并不同意第一个人的看法，所以答案为A项。far more“多得多，更加”。11. Lily seems to know a lot about Hong Kong, but _ she has never been there.A. luckily B. strictly C. actually D. naturally答案：C根据句中的but一词可知她“实际上”从未去过香港。actually“实际上”，符合语境。luckily“幸运地”；strictly“严格地”；naturally“自然地”。12. In my opinion, _ friends are more reliable than online ones.A. real B. trueC. close D. good【答案】A【解析】句意：我认为现实中的朋友比网上的朋友可靠。real与句中的online对应，表示“实际存在的”。true意为“真实的，真正的”，强调与实际情况相符，而不是编造的。13. She was certainly not afraid of the dark._，it was only a 15minute ride home.A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Otherwise【答案】B【解析】句意：她肯定不怕黑。再说，骑自行车到家只需15分钟。besides“此外”。14. How can you say that religion is anything_way of controlling people?A. rather than B. other thanC. more than D. less than【答案】B【解析】句意：你怎么能说宗教只是控制人的方式呢？这里other than表示“除了外”符合语意。rather than表示“而不是”；more than表示“不止”；less than表示“少于”，都与语意不符，所以应该选B项。15. Are you happy with this laboratory?Not a little. We cant have_.A. a worse one B. a nicer oneC. so bad one D. so nice one【答案】B【解析】对话答语中的Not a littleVery，即对这个实验室十分满意，因此B项正确形容词比较级用在否定句中表示最高级的概念。16. Keeping a balance of work, rest and diet, and having_exercise will save people from illnesses.A. appropriate B. accurateC. fierce D. temporary【答案】A【解析】句意：保持工作、休息和饮食之间的平衡，做适当的锻炼能让人们免去疾病。此处appropriate表示“适当的”，符合语意。accurate表示“精确的”；fierce表示“猛烈的”；temporary表示“暂时的”。17. It is said that Nigeria is_ _Great Britain.A. three time the size ofB. the size three times ofC. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of【答案】D【解析】此题考查倍数的表达方式：倍数the size of.，故选择D项。18. On snowy days, you have to drive very _to avoid traffic accidents.A. cautiously B. neatlyC. smoothly D. properly【答案】A【解析】在下雪天，必须“小心”开车，以避免交通事故。cautiously“小心翼翼地”，符合语意。后三项分别表示“整洁地，熟练地”“光滑地，平衡地”“适当地，合适地”，都不符合语意。19. You arent angry at his disgraceful joke?No, _it. Ive never laughed so much in my life.A. more than B. apart fromC. far from D. instead of【答案】C【解析】根据答语第二句可知，空处表示的是“一点儿都不”。far from表示“远非，完全不”，符合本题的语意。more than“多于，超出”；apart from“除之外，除之外还”；instead of“代替”。20. Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be_to the kids.A. accessible B. relativeC. acceptable D. sensitive 【答案】A
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