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专题06 非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的变体，是为了满足动词作除了谓语之外 的其他成分而产生的。从该意义上来说，非谓语动词是动词的升级版本，弥补了动词的先天不足。在语法填空和短文改 错题中，这是必考考点之一，非常重要。根据非谓语动词类 别及功能，在单项填空题中以考查非谓语动词作状语和定语 为主，作主语和表语也是考查重点之一。 2017年高考在单项填空题中会继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且分词作状语和定语仍是考查的重点，对于不定式考查热度仍然不减，尤其是不定式作状语和定语的用法。 热点题型一 非谓语动词作状语 例1、 (2015高考北京卷，T21)_ the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. ACatching BCaught CTo catch DCatch 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前订了出租车，而且起床很早。此处表目的，应用动词不定式，所以答案为C。 【提分秘籍】1不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替 换，但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示 喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。 2分词作状语：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表 示 的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词 作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑 上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only。 3部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也 不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。 【特别提醒】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语用的形容词easy，hard，difficult，pleasant，good，fit，comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语be形容词不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。【举一反三】 (2015高考天津卷，T5)_ in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching. ATo absorb BTo be absorbed CAbsorbed DAbsorbing 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。be absorbed in专心于，此处用过去分词短语作原因状语。故用Absorbed。 热点题型二 非谓语动词作定语 例2、 (2015高考北京卷，T23)The park was full of people，_ themselves in the sunshine. Ahaving enjoyed Benjoyed Cenjoying Dto enjoy 【答案】C【提分秘籍】 1现在分词作定语 现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式 作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动 作被动和进行。 2过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。 3不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式 是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 (2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，常见的抽 象名词：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。 (3) the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时，常用不定式作定语。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。 【方法技巧】非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点，考生在做此类 试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主谓或动 宾关系上着手去判断.要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行: 第一步：判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。 若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、动词v.ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式)，若是主谓关系则用动词v.ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。 第二步：看动作发生的时间。 若表示将来，用不定式；若表示动作正在进行用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束，用过去分词。 【举一反三】 She was the first woman_to the board. Ato be appointed Bhaving been appointed Cappointing Dto appoint 【答案】A热点题型三 非谓语动词作宾语 例3 (2015高考陕西卷，T17)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career. Ato thank Bthanking Chaving thanked Dto have thanked 【答案】A【提分秘籍】1只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，want，expect，fail，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate， happen等。 2只接v.ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，avoid，consider，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。 3接不定式与接v.ing形式有显著区别的动词：(1)try to do 尽力做；try doing 试着去 做；(2) mean to do 打 算做；mean doing 意味着；(3) regret to do 遗憾 要 去做；regret doing后悔做过；(4) remember to do 记得去做；remember doing记得做过；(5) forget to do忘记做过；forget doing 忘记做了。 4动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法 相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 5介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。 (2015温州高三八校联考)He got wellprepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这 次好机会的风险。 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。 What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。 【举一反三】 Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and_to live with that loss. Alearning Blearned Cto learn Dhaving learned 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：接受不是关于 喜欢一种状况。它是关于承认所有已经失去的和学会带着损失生活下去。题干中acknowledging和learning做about的并列宾语， 故选A。 热点题型四 非谓语动词作宾补 例4、 (2015高考陕西卷，T18)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home. Ataking Btaken Ctake Dbe taken 【答案】B【提分秘籍】1现在分词作宾补 现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正 在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官 动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。 He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry. 他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 Its wrong to leave the computer working. 让电脑一直开着是不对的。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起让你久等了。 I found a number of people already working there. 我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。 2过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动 词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动 词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear， listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find， leave，keep等。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。 You should keep me informed of his whereabouts. 你应该让我了解他的行踪。 The old found his hometown much changed. 这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。 He left much work unfinished because he was ill. 因为生病，他留下许多工作未做。 3不定式作宾补 (1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow， ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid， force，get，invite，leave，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，warn，wish，call on，depend upon等。 (2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用 于 被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号to 可 以 省略，也可以保留。 We hurriedly ended the meeting，leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆忙结束了会议，留下很多问题要解决。 4with宾语宾补 (1)with宾语doing(表示主动且进行) (2)with宾语done(表示被动且完成) (3)with宾语to do(表示将来) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后 面跟着。 John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的 工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time. 因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。 【举一反三】 Let those in need_ that we will go all out to help them. Ato understand Bunderstand Cunderstanding Dunderstood 【答案】B【特别提醒】使役动词have，get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：have sth.doneget sth.done让别人做某事have sb./sth.doing 让一直做某事；get sth./sb.doing 使开始做某事have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。注意：have sth.to do有某事要做(to do作后置定语)。Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亚历山大尽力使他的工作被医学界认可。I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.这个学期结束前，我有很多阅读要完成。热点题型五 非谓语动词作主语和表语 例5、 (2015高考安徽卷，T27)_ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. AIgnore BIgnoring CIgnored DHaving ignored 【答案】B【提分秘籍】 1非谓语动词作主语 不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作 ；v. ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或v.ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.ing形式作主语：It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。 Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。 It is no good learning without practice. 只学习不实践没有好处。 Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。 2非谓语动词作表语 ving形式作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定 式 作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。 What she likes is watching children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 His ambition is to go Harvard University. 他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。 【举一反三】 For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_ Aconnected Bconnecting Cto connect Dto be connected 【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对那些与家人离得比较 远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中 的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接 形容 词 作表语。A项connected是形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”,符合句意。stay connected是“stay形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying connected和keeping in touch表达同一个意思。 （2016浙江）50To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ inAustralia in 2012.A. having conducted B. to be conductedC. conducting D. conducted【答案】D（2016天津）49The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _ air conditioning unnecessary.A. making B. to make C. made D. being made【答案】A【解析】句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。故选A。【2015湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _ whether to stay or leave.A. wondering B. wonderCto wonder Dwondered【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语，故选A。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。【2015北京】21._the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch【答案】C 【解析】句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。【2015北京】31.If _for the job, youll be informed soon.A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted 【答案】D【解析】句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。故选D。【2015重庆】6. _ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise【答案】C 【解析】句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系，故选C项。 【2015重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_ the sun and the stars.A. usedB. having used C. using D. use【答案】C 【解析】句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。 选C。【2015浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed【答案】D【2015天津】8. _ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A. To workB. WorkedC. To be working D. Having worked【答案】D【解析】句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。【2015天津】5. _in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. A. To absorbB. To be absorbedC. AbsorbedD. Absorbing 【答案】C【解析】句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。故选C。【2015福建】28._ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.A. LearnB. LearnedC. To learnD. To be learning【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C【2015福建】33.In recent years an English word infosphere has appeared, _the sense of “information” and atmosphere.A. combineB. combined C. combing D. being combined【答案】C【2015湖南】34.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students _ what is bothering them.A. to talk over B. talked overCtalk over Dhaving talked over【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时我充当了倾听同学们谈论烦心事的对象。此处不定式表示目的。故选A。1(2014江西卷)He is thought _(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.【答案】to have acted【解析】考查不定式作补语。句意：他被认为做了愚蠢的事。现在对于失去工作这件事，他只能怪自己。be thought to do sth. 表示“被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前。故填to have acted。2(2014北京卷)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _(recognize)【答案】being recognized【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：那位影星戴着墨镜，因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词，后面接动名词形式；the film star与recognize之间存在被动关系，故用动名词的被动式，即“being done”结构。3(2014江苏卷)The lecture_(give), a lively questionandanswer session followed.【答案】having been given4(2014重庆卷)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _(return) to our shop for quality problems.【答案】returned【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来收回那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。设空处作后置定语，修饰cameras。return此处意为“退回”，cameras与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。5(2014大纲全国卷)Today there are more airplanes_(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.【答案】carrying【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：和过去相比，现在空中的飞机数量多了，飞机的载客量也更大了。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰airplanes，且carry为airplanes主动发出的动作，故应用动词ing形式carrying。6(2014湖南卷)Children, when _(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.【答案】accompanied【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当被他们的父母陪同时，孩子们被允许进入体育场。when accompanied by their parents是一个过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个时间状语从句when they are accompanied by their parents，此处省略they are。7(2014福建卷)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_(connect)【答案】connected8(2014四川卷)I hope to take the computer course. Good idea. _(find out) more about it, visit this website.【答案】To find out【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“我希望参加计算机课程。”“好主意。想查询更多的相关信息，访问该网站。”根据句意可知，空格处所需信息是“访问该网站”的目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。9(2014安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get_(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.【答案】promoted【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：亨利在等待升职机会的同时，在尽力做好自己的本职工作。主语Henry与promote之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用被动语态。此处为get型被动语态，为“get过去分词”。10(2014陕西卷)_(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.【答案】To work out【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决这道数学难题，我已经咨询Russell教授好多次了。根据句意以及前后语意逻辑关系可知，此处应该是“为了算出”那道数学难题，用动词不定式表目的。 1_ an hour every day has made a considerable difference to my health.AHaving walked BWalkCWalking DWalked【答案】C【解析】句意： 每天步行一小时对我的健康很有益。此处为动名词短语作主语，阐述的是一个事实，故选C项。2Today we have too many choices of communication through advanced technology，but we seem _ the joy of communicating face to face.Alosing Bto be losingCto be lost Dhaving lost【答案】B。【解析】句意：今天通过先进的技术，有太多的交流方式供我们选择，但我们看上去正在失去面对面交流的乐趣。seem to do sth.好像做某事。因动作正在进行，故选B项。3Nobody but doctors or nurses and those _ by Dr.Li _ to enter the patients room.Abeing invited；allowedBare invited；are allowedCinvited；is allowedDinvited；are allowed【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。第一空为过去分词短语作定语；第二空主语的中心词是nobody，所以选C项。4You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it _ often enough.Aexplaining Bto explainCexplain Dexplained【答案】D【解析】考查“have sth.done”结构。句意：到现在为止你应该懂得交通法规了。已经给你解释好多次了。5With the couple _in a nearby town，the house seems pretty empty most of the time.Awork Bto workCworking Dworked【答案】C【解析】考查with复合结构。work 和其逻辑主语the couple是主谓关系，表示现在的状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，(他们的)房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的。6Why do you look sad?There are so many problems _Aremaining to settleBremained settlingCremaining to be settledDremained to be settled【答案】C【解析】由于remain是不及物动词，故应用现在分词remaining，相当于定语从句that remains；动词settle置于remain之后，应用动词不定式的被动结构来表示动作还未完成。7Hi，Mary.Would you like to go to the concert this evening?Sorry，Tom._ tomorrows lessons，I have no time to go out with you.ANot preparing BNot having preparedCNot to prepare DBeing not prepared【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知，选项动词为原因状语，表主动，强调动作的完成性，相当于一个原因状语从句：As I havent prepared tomorrows lessons.故应选B。8The direct flight has proved successful since 2014，_ Taiwan another tourist destination for people on the mainland.Amade BmakingCmake Dmakes【答案】B【解析】从句意可知，后文是前文的结果，且主语与动词make之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词making作结果状语。9_to get a seat for the concert，he didnt mind standing in a queue all night.ADetermine BTo be determinedCDetermined DBeing determined【答案】C【解析】过去分词作原因状语，“Determined to get a seat for the concert”相当于“Because he was determined to get a seat for the concert”。10The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.Abeing weighed Bto weighCweighed Dweighing【答案】D【解析】此处weigh为“重量为；重(多少)”的意思，作young children的后置定语，且与其关系为主动，用weighing，故D项正确。句意：交通规则规定四岁以下并且体重少于40磅的儿童必须放于儿童安全座椅上。11The pollution is getting worse and worse；we must stop pollution_a better life.Ato live Bfrom livingCliving Dlive【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：污染越来越严重了。为了过一个更好的生活我们必须阻止污染。不定式表示目的，故选A项。12He hurried to the lecture hall，only _ that the famous professor had cancelled his lecture because of his serious ill.Abeing informed Bto be informedCinforming Dto inform【答案】B13With the 2016 College Entrance Examination _near，students feel great pressure.Adrawing BdrawnChaving drawn Dto draw【答案】A【解析】the 2016 College Entrance Examination与draw之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且非谓语所表示动作正在进行，故用drawing near作补语。with复合结构在句中作原因状语。14Do you have anything more_，sir?Yes.I need this file to be typed and printed as soon as possible.Atyping Bto be typedCtyped Dto type【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。在haven.不定式结构中，当句中主语与其后面的不定式具有逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式用主动形式，如“I have some clothes to wash.”中的to wash就是由该句主语“I”来完成的；但当句中主语与不定式的逻辑主语不一致时，不定式用被动形式。根据答语的第二句可知，句中to type的动作不是由句子主语you来完成的。而是由第一个说话者来完成的，故应用其被动形式to be typed。15We dont permit _ in the office but you are permitted _ outside.Asmoking；smokingBto smoke；to smokeCsmoking；to smokeDto smoke；smoking【答案】C【解析】句意：我们不准有人在办公室里吸烟，但允许你在外面吸烟。第一空用permit doing sth.结构，第二空用permit sb.to do sth.的结构。16He is often listened_ English songs，but this time we had him _a Russian song.Ato sing；sing Bto sing；to singCsing；to sing Dsing；sing【答案】A【解析】listen to本身带有一个介词to，listen to后面的不定式作主语补足语时，不定式符号to是不能省略的。在后一个分句中，使役动词had后面用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，故用sing。17We didnt find Tom _the lecture.No one had told him about _a lecture the following day.Ato attend；there to beBattending；there beingCattended；there beDattend；there was【答案】B【解析】考查分词和动名词。第一空动词attend与Tom之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词作find的宾语补足语；第二空介词about后应使用there be的动名词形式there being。故选B。18You should have thanked her before you left.I meant _But when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.Ato do BtoCdoing Ddoing so【答案】B【解析】本句中的meant意思是“本来打算”，其后应该使用不定式。当与want，wish，hope，like，hate，try，have，ought，used，need，be able，be going，be glad，mean等连用时，to代替不定式结构以避免重复。19Milk quickly turns sour，unless _ in a refrigerator.Astored Bto storeCstoring Dstore【答案】A20Which do you enjoy_ your coming weekend，swimming or fishing?Aspending Bbeing spentCspend Dto spend【答案】D【解析】to spend为不定式作目的状语，而which是enjoy的宾语。
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