中考英语 第三轮 中考题型聚焦 题型五 阅读理解（一）考点跟踪1

题型五阅读理解(一)话题20162015201420132012A篇Emma在欧洲旅游的见闻(4个表格)对理想学校的设计(5段)18岁之前从事活动(4个表格)环保活动介绍(3个表格)微博及其评论(5栏表格)B篇Facemail功能简介及其前景(4段)回顾10年前的人生理想发出感慨(7段)考试抄袭幽默故事(8段)哲理故事享受过程(9段)环境保护Bed ZED生态村(5段)C篇让孩子学着判断他们自己的工作(4段)微笑面对身边的人(8段)绿色环保回收利用(4段)时间与注意力的关系(6段)人与动物的界限(2段)考查方式20162015201420132012细节理解41，43，44，524648，51，54584647，49，56584649，5152，57584649，51，53，58，59主旨大意/50，60/50，60词/句义猜测48，5352525654推理判断42，4547，4951，5449，50，53，5948，53，54，5950，5355，5952，56，57标题归纳5560556055数字计算/51/近5年山西中考阅读理解(一)，A篇一般为图表型文章，话题涉及事物介绍、广告信息和生活建议等，词数在180290之间，考查角度以细节理解题为主。同学们平时应注重对图表信息的理解和收集整理。B、C篇中应用文、记叙文和说明文均有涉及。话题方面较常见的有事物介绍、人物故事、科普知识、环境保护、学生生活、行为习惯等，词数在180340之间。设置方式以细节理解题为主，还会涉及词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和标题归纳题等。此处，词义猜测题多在B篇出现，且在2016年出现了句意猜测题，B篇和C篇的最后1小题多为标题归纳题或主旨大意题，但两篇的考查角度不重复，即B篇为主旨大意题，那么，C篇一般则为标题归纳题。预计2017年考查方式会延续往年的命题特点。阅读理解是考查学生综合能力的一个重要题型，主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。解答选择型阅读理解题，可以大概分为三个步骤，具体如下：一、快速阅读短文先读题，明确题目要求，然后带着问题去读文章，这种方法称为寻读。快速阅读一遍全文，弄清段落大意，对全文有一个整体了解，阅读时从宏观入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些是用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键词，弄清作者的写作目的及意图。如遇到生词，应先跳过，继续阅读全文，切忌长时间猜测生词的意思，因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解，还有一些词可以通过上下文推测出其含义。二、认真逐题作答阅读完短文后，对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解，然后再看文章后的问题，如果属于客观事实题，可直接在短文中找到答案。如果是主观判断题，则应再次迅速通读全文，仔细分析思考。三、仔细检查答案做完所有题目后，再读一遍短文，逐一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有不太确定的答案，不要随意更改。一定要从原文中找到依据，方可更正。(2016，山西)Emma has just finished travelling alone in Europe.Are you interested in her journey? Lets read some of her travel diaries.1Emma was looking forward to this travel because _.Ashe had never taken a train ride beforeBshe could do anything she liked on the journeyCshe hoped to keep herself away from the busy life2From the passage，we can know Salzburg is a great place for _.Aenjoying classical musicBbuying childrens booksCvisiting history museums3In Amsterdam，she _.Aclimbed the beautiful mountainsBtravelled along the river in a boatCwrote some postcards in her hotel4She didnt need to worry about her safety in Copenhagen because _.Athere was very little crime thereBthe city was full of friendly peopleCshe thought she was careful enough5We can know that _ from the passage.AEmma has little interest in artBEmma is a brave but careless girlCEmms travels were enjoyable and special【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。通过爱玛的四篇日记简要介绍了爱玛独自一人在欧洲旅游的经历。1B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：爱玛正期待这场旅游是因为_。A：在这之前，她没有坐过火车旅游；B：她可以在旅行期间做任何她想做的事；C：她想让自己远离忙碌的生活。从第一篇日记中的“It is great because I can choose what I want to do in each city.”可知爱玛是因为可以做自己想做的事而感到开心。故选B。方法点拨：主要考查学生在通读文章后，直接能找出问题的答案，难度较小。此类题主要针对文章某个细节来设置。解答此类试题时，可利用题目中的关键词汇去寻找文中的对应词汇，在其周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。细节理解要注意同义不同句。2A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从这篇文章，我们知道Salzburg是一个_的圣地。A：欣赏古典音乐；B：买儿童读物；C：参观历史博物馆。由句中的关键词“Salzburg”可知相关信息在第二则日记里，由日记中的提示词“the famous musician，many classical concerts”可知Salzburg是一个音乐圣地。故选A。方法点拨：此类题主要考查学生对文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章论调和倾向进行推断的能力。解答此类试题时，需注意以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，由已知推及未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。常见的设题方式有：What can you conclude (推断)from this passage?We can infer(推断)from the passage that.3B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在Amsterdam，她_。A：爬了美丽的山；B：坐船沿河游玩；C：在她的宾馆里写了一些明信片。由句中的关键词“Amsterdam”可知相关信息在第三则日记里，由日记中的最后一句“I also took a boat ride along the river.”可知答案选B。4A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在Copenhagen她不需要担心她的安全，因为_。A：这儿有很少的犯罪；B：这座城里到处都是友好的人们；C：她认为她足够小心。由句中的关键词“Copenhagen”可知相关信息在第四则日记里，由日记中的第三句“There is very little crime (犯罪) here.”可知答案选A。5C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从这篇文章，我们知道_。A：爱玛对艺术几乎没有兴趣；B：爱玛是一个勇敢的但粗心的女孩；C：爱玛的旅行是令人愉悦和特殊的。由第二则日记可知，爱玛对音乐比较感兴趣；由第四则日记可知爱玛是一个很细心的人。结合四篇文章的措辞可知爱玛很享受这次旅游，故选C。词汇猜测类方法点拨：此类题主要考查学生对某个“单词、短语或句子”在特定语言环境下具体含义的理解。解答此类题，可采用以下五类猜词技巧：利用构词法；利用同义词、近义词、反义词；利用定义和解释猜词；利用例证猜词；根据生活常识猜词。另外，采用“代入法”也十分有效，即：将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪个使句子通顺、连贯，且与上下文语境符合，即为正确答案。标题归纳类方法点拨：此类题主要考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。解答此类试题时，需注意以下五点：以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见；注意绝对化的词，选最适合本篇文章的；答案避免以点带面，以偏概全；文章没提到的，不要妄自猜测，一切以文章内容为准。因此，所选的标题一般须符合三个标准：概括性、有针对性、醒目性。另外，山西中考阅读理解(一)还会从“词汇猜测、标题归纳、主旨大意”角度进行命题，针对这三种命题角度，考生也可采用以下技巧进行解答：主旨大意题方法点拨：此类题主要考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。在解答此类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有：Whats the main idea of the passage? What does the text /passage mainly tell us?Passage 1(2016，山西)(导学号：36422354)When I opened my email the other day，Rachel，a pretty woman，appeared on my computer screen.She greeted me by name and started talking happily.Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss.It was cool，right? In fact，she was reading to me an email from my brother John.Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail.Facemail lets you send emails in a funny way.By using it，your emails can be read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clown.You can download the software at www.Facemail.com without paying.Facemail faces are lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in your text.For example，type in ，and Rachel blows a kiss.LifeFX，the company that developed the Facemail，is sure there are wide business uses.Why is ebusiness not so popular now? One of the reasons is that buying online has no human touch.But if you go to the Nike website，and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name，serves you，and personally closes_the_sale，wont you be happy? Also，if mom cant be home when kids get back from school，she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat.Its true that Facemail makes life easy and fun，but it should be used with care.The clown looks lively and funny at first.But if you choose the clown，put a few rude words in an email and add some angry emotions，youve got a Psycho mail.1In fact，who is Rachel？_C_AShe is a pretty actress.BShe is Johns girlfriend.CShe is not a real person.2What is the main advantage of Facemail？_B_AYou dont need to pay for it.BEmail can be attractive in a more lovely way.CYou can ask a beautiful woman to read the email to you.3What does the underlined expression “closes the sale” probably mean？_B_A停止营业 B达成交易 C取消折扣4Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？_B_AYou shouldnt choose a clown.BFacemail can be widely used in business.CMom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail.5What is the writers attitude(态度) towards Facemail？_C_AHe thinks its a danger to the Internet.BHe thinks it needs further improvement.CHe thinks its a cool and funny technology.Passage 2(2016，山西)(导学号：36422355)Let children learn to judge(判断) their own work.A child doesnt learn to talk by being corrected all the time.If he is corrected too much，he will stop talking.He notices a thousand times a day the differences between the language he uses and the language others use.Little by little，he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other peoples.In the same way，children learn to do all the other things without being taughtto walk，run，climb or ride a bicycle.They compare their performances with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the changes.But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them himself.We do it all for him.We thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him，or correct it unless he was made to.Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher.Let him work out with the help of other children if he wants it.If it is a matter in math or science，give him the answer book.Let him correct his own papers.Why_should_we_teachers_waste_time_on_such_daily_work? Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that he cant find the way to get the right answer.Let the children learn what all educated persons must learn，how to measure(估量) their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in their ways.School teachers can offer help if they ask for it.Some parents and teachers are worried that the children might fail to learn something that they will need to get in the world.Dont worry! If it is important，they will go out into the world and learn it.1According to the passage，the best way for children to learn things is by _C_.Abeing always correctedBfollowing adults adviceCdoing as other people do2The writer thinks teachers in school should _A_.Aencourage students to learn from each otherBteach students how to get the answers directlyCtell students what is wrong as often as possible3The underlined sentence in the third paragraph means _C_.Ateachers cant correct students papersBteachers neednt waste time teaching students in classCteachers should help students improve their learning ability4We can infer(推断) that _B_ from the passage.Astudents can face any challenge easilyBstudents can learn a lot in the real lifeCstudents can grow up without others help5The best title of the passage may be _B_.ALet Us Teachers Stop WorkingBLet Children Learn by ThemselvesCLet Parents Understand Their KidsPassage 1(2015，山西)(导学号：36422356)We spend hours，days and years of our lives in education.But how perfect do you think your school is? Imagine you could design(设计)your ideal(理想的)school.What would it be like? We wanted to find out what teenagers around the world thought.Here is some designing from four children of different countries.1Ma thinks his dream school should provide_A_ for students.Amore enjoyable thingsBa comfortable computer roomCa place to switch off from the lessons2Sonia thinks students should share a room where they can_C_.Aplay sportsBplay instrumentsCplay computer games3Richard wants to have_B_ off every week.Atwo daysBthree daysCfour days4Rebecca may like_A_ according to the passage.Aplaying musicBchatting with friendsCdoing some shopping5We can infer(推断)that in the four childrens opinion，the ideal school should be a place where_C_.Astudents can learn more knowledgeBstudents can get on well with their teachersCstudents wishes and interests can be respectedPassage 2(2015，山西)(导学号：36422357)Lets suppose it is a common day of 2060.Of course，things have changed and life is very different.Trips to the moon are being made every day.Taking a holiday on the moon today is as easy as taking a holiday in Europe in the 2010s.At a number of scenic spots (风景胜地) on the moon，many hotels have been built.In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon，every room has at least one picture window.Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and old.What are people eating now？People are still eating food.But many foods now come in pill (药片) form，and the food that goes into the pill comes mainly from green plants.Because people in the world today are many more than those about fifty years ago，most of the earths surface has to be filled.The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer eaten by pests (害虫)The harvest is always good.Farming，of course，is very highly developed.Very few people have to work on the farm.It is possible to run the farm by just using a few computers.People are now largely vegetarians，and they eat only bread，vegetables，fruit and so on and they dont eat meat or fish.You see，as the number of people increases，the number of animals decreases.So people have to be vegetarians.We are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds，and we know how to deal with all kinds of illnesses.No one has to be ill any more.Such would be our life in 2060.1What will be on the moon in 2060 according to the passage？_C_AMany green plants.BMany wild animals.CMany interesting places.2Whats the meaning of the underlined word “irrigated”？_B_A冲刷 B灌溉 C淹没3Which of the following is TRUE？_C_APeople only eat foods in pill form.BPeople dont have plenty of crops.CPeople run the farms by using high technology.4Why do people have to be vegetarians in 2060？_C_ABecause they want to be healthier.BBecause vegetables can make the patients well.CBecause there will be more people and fewer animals.5What attitude (态度) does the writer have about the future life？_A_AHe feels pretty hopeful about the future.BHe is not very satisfied with some things of the future.CHe seems really sad about what is happening in the future.Passage 3(2015，山西)(导学号：36422358)Old Dawson had the best apples in town，but kids knew they mustnt go into his yard to pick a delicious apple，even off the ground，because Dawson，a badtempered (坏脾气的) man，they said，would come after you with his gun.One Friday，12yearold Janet was going to stay all night with her friend Amy.They had to walk by Dawsons house on the way to Amys house.Like most of the children，Janet was scared of the old man because of the stories shed heard about him.Amy said that Mr.Dawson wouldnt hurt anyone.Still，Janet was growing more nervous with each step closer to the old mans house.When they got close enough，Dawson looked up with his usual frown (皱眉)，but when he saw it was Amy，a big smile changed his whole face as he said，“Hello，Miss Amy.I see youve got a little friend with you today.”Amy smiled back and told him Janet was staying overnight and they were going to listen to music and play games.Dawson told them that sounded fun，and offered them each a fresh picked apple off his tree.As they walked on，Janet asked Amy，“Everyone says hes the meanest man in town.Why was he so nice to us？”Amy explained that when she first started walking past his house，he wasnt very friendly and she was afraid of him，but she always smiled at him.It took a while，but one day he halfsmiled back at her.After some more time，he_started_smiling_real_smiles and then started talking to her.Just a “Hello” at first，then more.She said he always offers her an apple now，and is always very kind.Were always trying to achieve so much，and its so easy to get caught up in (被卷入，陷入) everyday life that we forget we can bring cheer to ourselves and others simply.Giving a smile takes so little effort; lets smile to others.1Kids were afraid of Dawson because _B_ .Ahe disliked childrenBhe was a badtempered manChe always took a gun with him2On that day，when Old Dawson saw Amy getting close to his house，he was _B_ .Avery mad Bquite happy Creally scared3From the passage，we can know that _C_ .AAmy wast afraid of Dawson beforeBJanet never heard about the stories of DawsonCDawson offered each of the two children an apple that day4The underlined sentence “he started smiling real smiles” means “Mr.Dawson _C_ ”Agot to like Amys smile day by dayBdidnt know how to smile until he met AmyCstarted to accept Amy as a true friend with real feeling5The best title for the passage may be _B_ .ASmile Brings a Big SuccessBSmile Improves the RelationshipCSmile Changes the EnvironmentPassage 4(2014，山西)(导学号：36422359)Are you bored with your daily routine？Here are some things you should try before you are 18，because after that its too late!Learn to swimActually，this is so important it could save your life.If you cant swim well，you wont be able to do water sports like waterskiing，surfing and diving.Even taking a boat trip will not be safe for you.Make sure you do it.Collect somethingOne of the best hobbies for under18s is collecting things.You could collect stamps，or you could collect things that make you remember what you have done，like cinema tickets for films.The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you.That way you wont forget.Try at least one kind of team sportsBeing a good team player is an important skill in life.You cant just think of yourself，but have to work well with other people.Other advantages of team sports like basketball，football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy，and they are also great fun.Teams usually have a good social life，tooyoull go to lots of parties and make many friends.Write your family treeWhen you are young，get to know all the older people in your family and find out as much as you can about when they were young.Draw a family tree and make notes about each person so that you wont forget.1According to the passage，we should learn to swim because it could _A_Asave our livesBkeep us fit and healthyCmake us work well with others2The best way to collect things is _A_Ato have a special albumBto buy more stamps and ticketsCto exchange them with your friends3Being a good team player can help you _B_Athink of yourselfBhave a good social skillCbecome a ball game star4In order not to forget the older people in your family，you should _C_Ago to lots of family partiesBfind something that they usedCdraw a family tree and make notes5The passage mainly tells us that _B_Ahobbies play an important role in everyones growthByou are supposed to try some things before youre 18Ceveryone should get into good habits when they are youngPassage 5(2014，山西)(导学号：36422360)In 2002，I wrote a letter for my future self with instructions not to open until my birthday in 2014.It is 2014 now.Yesterday was my birthday and I opened it.This is what it said：Dear Sherri，By the time you read this，you will be 30.At the age of 18 I had many dreams about you.Right now I hope you have traveled and seen everything youve always wanted to，both in Canada and abroad，maybe you have even settled_down somewhere in France，and maybe you are working in the field of art.I hope youre married to Gwynnthe man of your dreams.Youll probably have two childrena girl and a boy.If everything goes okay，youll be living in France in a big house in a small town with Gwynn and your two children.You are doing research in painting.Gwynn will be a computer programmer and you will be doing all right for yourselves.However，if things dont go according to plan，I wish you love，happiness and joy.Love，Sherri “18”When I read this，I was surprised.So much of what I wanted has come true.I did travel to a few more places in Canada.Ive traveled to the UK，Australia and Egypt.I have been living in France for nearly 4 years in a big house，in a small suburb (郊区)，in a major city.I am an art teacher in a university.I have two lovely kids.But not everything went as what I hoped.I married a man named Tom Rees，and he is an excellent artist.We are doing all right for ourselves.I find it cool how the dreams of a young girl can become a grown womans reality (现实)1How long did Sherri wait to open the letter？_A_AFor 12 years. BFor 18 years. CFor 30 years.2What does the underlined phrase “settled down” mean in Chinese？_C_A参观B旅行C定居3Among her dreams，which one did NOT come true？_C_ATo work in the field of art.BTo be a mother of two kids.CTo marry a computer programmer.4What can we infer (推断) from the passage？_B_AShe plans to move to the UK later.BShe enjoys the life with her family now.CShe loses hope because not everything goes well.5What is the best title for thi