中考英语命题研究 第二部分 语法专题突破篇 专题五 介词和介词短语（精讲）试题1

专题五介词和介词短语,青海五年中考命题规律及趋势编者按：介词和介词短语是青海中考单项选择和完形填空题中的必考点，命题主要涉及时间介词、方位介词、方式介词，其中介词短语属于高频考点。,青海中考重难点突破介词【满分点拨】一、时间介词的辨析和用法1in，on，at介词用法举例at时间的某一时刻，即：具体的“点”。at half past ten在十点半at one oclock在一点某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天)。at Christmas在圣诞节at the Spring Festival在春节习惯用法和固定搭配。at last在最后at first起初at lunch在午饭时间at noon在中午at night在晚上at the age of在岁时at the end of在最后on表示具体的某日(月份或星期)。on September 1st 在9月1号on Mondays/weekdays在星期一/工作日表示某个特定的上午、下午、晚上。on Saturday morning/afternoon在周六早上/下午；on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨具体(限定)的日子或节日的当天。on National Day在国庆节on Christmas Day在圣诞节in较长的一段时间(如：世纪、年代、季节、月份等)。in the 21century在21世纪in2009在2009年in summer在夏季in July of 2015在2015年7月泛指在上下午、傍晚、白天等。in the morning/afternoon/evening/day在上午/下午/晚上/白天习惯搭配。in the future在将来in the end最后in class在课堂上in a minute一分钟后口诀记忆年月周前要用in，具体日子却不行；遇到几号要用on，上午下午又用in；要说某日上下午，用on替换in才行；午夜黄昏和黎明，只用at不用in，at也在时分前。2in，after，before介词用法举例in“in时间段”表示“(将来)以后”。They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。after与将来时连用表示“之后”，后接时间点。Hell come back after two oclock.他两点后将回来。与过去时连用表示“之后”，后接时间段。He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国返回了。before表示“在之前”。Wash hands before dinner.饭前要洗手。二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法1at，on，in介词用法例句at用于较小的场所前(如：建筑物，公共机关等)。at home在家at the station在车站用于门牌号码前。at 403 Avenue Street在403林荫街道in用于较大的地方前(如：国家、城市、乡镇、地域等)。in the city在城市in Guilin在桂林in China在中国在周围的环境是立体的地方(即：)。in a forest在森林里in the classroom在教室里用于某些习语中。in the sky在天空上in space在空间on与表面相接触(即：)。on the floor在地板上在任何广阔的面上。on the farm/moon在农场/在月亮上2.over，above，under，below介词用法图示例句over“在正上方”，表示两者不接触。We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。under“在正下方”，表示两者不接触。My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。above“在的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。below“在的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法介词用法例句with后跟具体的工具，与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语，指“借助于；用”，后面跟人称代词时表示“和一起”，表示伴随状况，在句中做状语。此外，with还可以表示“带有；具有”。I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。in表示使用某种语言，用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料，在名词前不加冠词。Can you say it in English？你能用英语说吗？Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它写下来。by表示某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词。This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。on表示借助、通过某一器械、机器，在名词前一般加冠词the。I could do all my work on the computer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。四、其他常见介词的用法1over“遍及；超过”。如：There are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。2against“反对”。如：We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们跟他们比赛。3into“在里”。如：Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进教室。4from“从”。如：We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上学。5for“为；给”。如：Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。6of“的”。如：a map of China一幅中国地图7without“没有”。如：He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。8to“给；对；到；往”。如：go to school上学；give a kite to me把风筝给我；from here to the park从这里到公园【考点抢测】( A )1.Maybe you should call him up.But I dont want to talk with him _ the phone.Aon Bat Cin( C )2.In America，people start celebrating the New Year _ December 31st.Ain Bat Con( B )3.Lisa was born on May 1st，and my birthday is also _ that month.Aover Bin Con( B )4.(2016青海中考模拟)Most of my classmates go to school _ bike.Aat Bby Con( A )5._ the book，the teacher comes into the classroom.AWith BAt COn( C )6.Before the bridge was built _ the river，the villagers had to take a boat to the other side.AinBbesideCacross介词短语【满分点拨】介词名词at home在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time同时；at times有时；at breakfast早餐时；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻after a while过了一会；by bus乘公共汽车；by the way顺便说；by the time到时候；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；by the door在门口in hospital住院；in the hospital在医院；in the end最后；in order整整齐齐；in order to以便；in no time很快就；in the daytime在白天；in turn轮流；in time及时；in front在前方；in English用英语；in the future将来的某个时刻；in future(整个)将来；in fact事实上on the way在路上；on Sunday在星期天；on show展出；on display陈列；on fire着火；on duty值日；on the other hand另一方面；on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船(飞机)上；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接(打)电话；on time准时；on the left/right在左边/右边；on sale在出售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上with pleasure很乐意；with ones help在某人的帮助下be形容词介词be amazed at对感到惊讶；be angry with生(某人的)气；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做；be good at擅长于；be full of充满be excited about对感到兴奋；be kind to对和善；be interested in对感兴趣be famous for因而著名；be late for迟到；be popular with受欢迎be pleased with对感到满意；be proud of对感到骄傲；be ready for为准备好；be satisfied with对满意；be worried about为担心动词介词agree with同意；ask for请求；begin with以开始；come from出生，来自；call at探访die of死于；get on/off上车/下车；fillwith用装；fall off从落下hear from收到(某人)的信；hear of听说；look at看；go to bed去睡觉；go to school去上学；look for寻找；look after照顾listen to听讲话；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at指着；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about谈论；think about考虑；wait for等候；write to写信给；worry about担心laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在后面；knock at敲续表介词名词介词at the foot of在脚下；on the top of在顶端；in the middle of在中间；in the front of在前面；in the east of在东部；by means of借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of到为止；at the age of在岁时；at the head of在前头下面总结一些中考中常见的介词短语：(1)after all毕竟；终归(2015西宁23题)thanks to多亏(2014青海41题)according to根据；按照(2014青海48题)because of因为(2013西宁25题)instead of代替；反而(2013青海38题)for example例如(2012青海53题)side by side并肩，一起，并排(2011西宁28题)(2)介词名词in the past在过去in the end终于；最后in fact事实上 in doubt怀疑地in danger处于危险中 by the way顺便说说on the way在路上 in the way挡路，妨碍on time准时 in time及时in trouble处于困难中at the end of在在的尽头in public当众地 in general一般而言in common共同的 in total总共for example例如 from time to time有时from now on从现在开始 by accident偶然地(3)其他形式的介词短语such as比如together with和一起as for就而言 at first首先at least至少 at once立刻；马上【考点抢测】( A )1.Welcome to our school，ladies and gentlemen._ start with，Id like to introduce myself.AToBAtCWith( B )2.The man tried several times to start the car，and he succeeded _ the end.Aat Bin Con( B )3.David suddenly felt nervous._ all，it was his first time to go on stage.AAt BAfter CBy( A )4.The charity provides homeless people _ food and clothes.Awith Bfor Cas( C )5.Hearing from this good news，her eyes are filled _ tears.Aon Bat Cwith( A )6.The coat is made _ animals fur.That is cruel.Aof Bfor Cfrom