外研版高一英语必修二知识梳理.doc

.可编辑修改，可打印别找了你想要的都有！ 精品教育资料全册教案，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式高一英语必修二知识梳理Module 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits重点词汇：diet, fit, rarely, rise, mean, head, eye, enough, either, injury, normal, avoid, lie, examine, need, breathe, deep, way, through重点短语1. a lot of许多 2. once a week一周一次3. be connected with与有联系4. worry about担心5. have a bad cold得重感冒6. take a lot of exercise经常锻炼7. get a sore throat喉咙痛8. lie down躺下9. off work下班10. pick sb. up顺路接某人11. health care医疗保健12. in ones opinion 在看来13. be crazy about着迷于长难句解析1. Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。该句的主语是两个动词不定式，并列主语early to rise和early to bed表示同一概念，所以谓语动词用单数。非谓语动词并列作主语时要注意：(1)不定式、动名词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。(2)两个或两个以上的不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。2. When Zhou Kais mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.周凯的妈妈看见他没有穿夹克衫就朝前门走去时，她担心地盯着周凯。在该句中，含有“see sb. doing sth.”句式，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，动词ing形式作动词see的宾语补足语。3. A lot of school friends eat sweets every day but Im lucky because I dont have a sweet toothId rather eat a nice piece of fruit.我的很多学校的朋友每天都吃甜食，我就非常幸运，因为我不吃甜食我宁愿吃点美味的水果。would rather意为“宁愿；愿意”；其缩写形式为d rather，否定形式为would rather not.4. But thats because I was stupid enough to play football in the rain.那是因为我太傻，在雨中踢球的缘故。because引导的从句是表语从句。5. Two years ago, I broke my arm playing football.两年前我在一次踢球时摔伤了胳膊。句中的playing football是现在分词短语在句中作状语，相当于when I was playing football。注意：现在分词作状语时，与逻辑主语之间应存在主谓关系。6. Because of this, I make sure that I have a good diet, and as Ive said, this isnt a problem because my mother feeds us so well.正是因为这，我必须吃得很健康，当然就如我说的那样，这不成问题，因为妈妈把我们养得那么好。该句是并列复合句，由连词and连接两个并列分句，在第一个分句中，含有that引导的宾语从句。在第二个分句中，含有as引导的方式状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句。语法通关1名词转化为动词一个词由一种词类转化为另一种词类而不发生词形的变化，称为转化(Conversion)，转化是英语三种构词法(转化、派生、合成)中的一种。本模块主要介绍名词转化为动词。有些名词和动词在转化时形式不变，但读音有区别2. 一般将来时 will+动词原形 be going to+动词原形 be about to+动词原形3. 词语辨析：will, be going towill往往指没有经过计划临时出现的意图，常伴说话者的主观意识或将来必然发生的事。be going to既可指主观打算也可指客观迹象表明将要发生。Module 2 No Drugs重点词汇：drug, cause, death, disease, attractive, immediately, powerful, offer, continue, share, form, allow, reduce, nearby, mean, follow, likely, describe, plan, totally, recognize重点短语1. a quarter of 四分之一2. relate to和有关3. continue to坚持4. be addicted to对着迷5. more than不只是；很；超过6. die from死于7. used to过去经常8. break into突然冲进9. be afraid of害怕10. refer to归因于11. give up放弃12. as well也；还有长难句解析1. Some drug users inject cocaine, others smoke it.有些吸毒者注射可卡因，有些吸毒者吸食可卡因。some.others.一些另一些；用于大范围内事物或人的状况描述。2. Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with other users.注射吸毒者如果混用他人的针头则会处境更加危险。该句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句；who引导的定语从句在主句中修饰主语users。3. Now I work in a center for drug addicts, helping others to stop taking drugs.现在我在一家戒毒中心工作，帮助别人戒毒。helping others to stop taking drugs在句中作伴随状语。4. I think it would be good if they banned smoking in restaurants and cafes as well.我认为如果他们也在饭馆、咖啡厅禁烟就好了。“it would be good if they banned smoking in restaurants and cafes as well”是虚拟语气结构。5. Whatever youre doing when you want to smokedo something else.无论你在做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事吧！whatever引导让步状语从句，在这个从句中还有when引导的时间状语从句。语法通关1. 动词不定式作目的状语用法例句动词不定式作状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，不定式一般放在被修饰词之后。为了强调目的，有时可以把不定式放在句首或在不定式前面加in order或so as。不定式的否定形式为“not to动词原形”。He broke into the house to steal something.他破门而入试图盗窃。He uses a computer to send emails.他用电脑发送电子邮件。He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起以便赶上第一班公共汽车。He worked hard so as not to fail the exam.他努力学习，以免考试不及格。用法例句in order to可用in order that替换，so as to可用so that替换，但that后接句子，句子需用情态动词。He got up early in order to catch the first bus.He got up early in order that he might catch the first bus.为了赶上第一班公交车，他起得很早。I study hard so as not to fail in the examinations.I study hard so that I may not fail in the examinations.我用功学习，免得考试不及格。不定式作目的状语时，通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语；若不是，则需用for引出它的逻辑主语。 Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in. 母亲把门打开，让简和贝蒂进来。2. 结果状语从句在句子中作结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句。结果状语从句一般置于句尾。通常由that, so, so that, so.that.，such.that.引导。本模块主要学习so.that.和such.that.引导的结果状语从句。Module 3 Music重点词汇：audience, present, classical, traditional, compose, talent, tour, popular, completely, perform, refer, influence, afford, collect, appear, mix, receive, since重点短语1. be different from与不同2. the rest剩余的3. be known as被所知4. changeinto使变为5. as well as同一样6. be impressed as令人印象深刻的7. be born in出生于长难句解析1. Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful.在那里工作了三十年后，海顿移居伦敦，并在那里取得了巨大成功。where he was very successful是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词London。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，如果删去也不会影响主句的意思，与先行词之间用逗号隔开。2. By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras.到十四岁时，莫扎特不仅谱写了很多管弦乐曲，还谱写了很多拨弦键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴曲。by the time意为“到时候”，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时形式，则主句的谓语动词用将来完成时形式。3. However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.正是海顿鼓励贝多芬搬到维也纳。It was.that/who.是强调句型，强调句子主语，该句的正常语序是：Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.4. As Beethoven grew older, he found it more difficult to compose good music.随着贝多芬岁数的增加，他发现谱写优美的乐曲更难了。find itadj.to do sth. 发现做某事，it作形式宾主，代替后面的真正宾语，即不定式。与find用法类似的动词还有think, feel, consider, make等。语法通关1时间状语从句在句子中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中或句尾。引导时间状语从句的词有when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as, since, each time, next time, the moment, immediately, instantly等。2. 过去完成时过去完成时主要用来指过去某一特定时间以前就完成的行为。过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成，had适用于各种人称和数，其否定式在had后面加not，变疑问句时把had提前。Module 4 Fine Arts-Western, Chinese and Pop Arts重点词汇：interest, prefer, match, adopt, consider, another, ordinary, observe, stylelively, enjoy, stand, alive, imitate, crazy, delightful, attempt, promise, scene, realize, agree, destroy重点短语1. think about考虑2. get rid of摆腿3. be found of喜欢4. in some way在某方面5. put on穿上；增加6. at ones best处在最佳状态7. a serious of 一系列8. happen to碰巧9. at the same time同时10. aim to力求达到；瞄准11. be tired of对感到厌烦12. cant stand无法忍受13. good at擅长14. look forward to期望15. succeed in在中获得成功长难句解析1. Cubist artists painted objects and people, with different aspects of the object or person showing at the same time.在描绘物体或人的时候，立体派画家会同时展现对象的多个不同侧面。with引导的短语作状语，表示伴随状况。with短语在句中也有时作定语，其结构如下：with宾语形容词/副词/动词ing/过去分词/不定式2. He is most famous for his lively paintings of horses.他以画马而著称。most后接形容词或副词，前面不加定冠词the时，意思是“非常”。3. Im studying art at school, and I enjoy it a lot, although I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time.我在学校学习艺术，尽管我会在一直看图画的时候感到累，我还是非常喜欢。词语辨析：as, although, though语法通关1 动词的ing形式和动词不定式2 动词的ing形式作主语 动词的ing形式作主语和动词不定式作主语的用法比较：Module 5 Newspapers and Magazines重点词汇：illustration, detail, orbit, flight, success, land, congratulation, including, total, aboard, welcome, historical, replace, nearly, event, carry, produce, similar, found.重点短语1. work on从事于2. take off脱掉；离开3. hundreds of数百4. come to到达；突然想起5. believe in信赖；信仰6. come on加油7. divide.into把分成8. be delighted to乐意干某事9. all over到处长难句解析1While he was travelling in space, Yang spoke to two astronauts aboard the International Space Station, which is orbiting the earth, American astronaut Edward Lu and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko.杨利伟在太空航行期间，与环绕地球运行的空间站的两位宇航员进行了对话，一位是美国的宇航员爱德华卢，另一位是俄罗斯的宇航员尤里马林年科。1)while引导的是时间状语从句。2)aboard the International Space Station是介词短语作定语修饰two astronauts.3)which is orbiting the earth是非限制性定语从句，修饰the International Space Station。4)American astronaut Edward Lu and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko为two astronauts的同位语，起进一步解释说明的作用，同位语通常放在被解释的词后面，但此句的同位语置于句末。2. Lu, whose parents were born in China, spoke to Yang in Chinese during his flight.爱德华卢的父母出生在中国，他用中文与飞行中的杨利伟交谈。whose引导的从句作非限制性定语从句修饰Lu。语法通关1. because表示直接的原因或理由，语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系。回答以why引起的特殊疑问句，只能用because。2. since表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱3. as往往表示十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。4. now that意为“既然”，与since同义，但更突出事实本身。5. for语气最弱，关系最间接，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，引导的从句不能放在前面。6. 除了状语从句外，还有一些介词短语也可以表示原因。这类介词短语有thanks to, as a result of, because of, due to, owing to等。7. seeing that, considering that, in that等也可引导原因状语从句。Module 6 Films and TV Programmes重点词汇：direct, star, marry, desert, character, graceful, female, interest, seem, scene, express, follow, occasionally, argue，amusing，exciting, crime, fight1. come out出版2. film star影视明星3. romantic film浪漫的电影4. martial arts film武打片5. adventure film冒险片6. be/ fall in love爱上7. play a part扮演一个角色8. every now and then不时地9. take place替代10. from time to time不时；偶尔；有时候11. every two days每隔一天12. twice a month每月两次长难句解析1. Romantic films are about two people who fall in love with each other.浪漫电影(爱情片)是关于两个相爱的人(的故事)。who和whom引导定语从句的区别：二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。2. Brave, good and strong, Xiulian is the character we care about most.我们最关注秀莲这个角色，她勇敢、善良、坚强。1) we care about most是宾语从句修饰先行词character，省略了关系代词who/that，关系代词在从句中作宾语。2) brave, good and strong是形容词，形容词在句中可以作状语，表示伴随、原因或结果，可以放在句首或句末，常用逗号把其与主句隔开。3. Ask a young person in the street who the greatest American film director is, and you may get the answer Steven Spielberg.如果你在大街上随意问一位年轻人，谁是美国最著名的导演，你可能得到的答案是史蒂文斯皮尔伯格。who the greatest American.是由who引导的宾语从句作ask的宾语，a young person也是作ask的宾语，动词ask后接双宾语，即ask. sb. sth.，意为“问某人某事”。语法通关1. 频度副词和地点副词 频度副词表示行为动作发生的频率，经常用于回答how often引起的问句2. 地点副词表示行为动作发生的地点，常用于回答where引起的问句。3. 副词和副词短语(1)形容词和副词同形的词：(2)有些词原形既是形容词又是副词，加ly之后又可以构成另外的副词。(3)几个副词同时出现在句中时，先后顺序为：先方式副词，再地点副词，后时间副词。16.