《非谓语动词总结》PPT课件.ppt

非谓语动词讲解,NonfiniteVerbs,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2.非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。,非谓语动词使用条件,Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.,非谓语动词的构成及形式,非谓语动词在句中所作成分,一、作主语,1、不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,Toseeistobelieve,Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It+谓语+todo,Ittakesusanhour_gettherebybus.,句型2：Its+n.+todo,Itsourduty_helpthepoor.,Itisagreatenjoyment_spendourholidayinthemountains,句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.,Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth,（是形容人的品质的）,（是形容事物的性质的）,Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.,Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.,youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：,1）.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰,Ihopeyoudontmindmysayingit.,2、动名词作主语,2）.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语,Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.,作主语,Seeingisbelieving,Readingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.,nousenogoodnofunIts+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerousThereisno+doing.,Itisnousecrying.ItisnogoodobjectingLookingafterthepatientsisanursesjob.Itsdangerousplayingwithfire.Itsawasteoftimecopyingothershomework.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.,1.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenitsbetter_silent.A.remainB.beremainingC.havingremainedD.toremain2.IthinkTom,astheheadofabigdepartment,shouldeitherstudyregularlyor_hisjob.A.quitsB.toquitC.quittingD.quit3.Itsnouse_plainB.complainingC.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained4.Itsimportantforthefigures_regularly.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated,二、作宾语,1、不定式做宾语,1）、可接不定式做宾语的常见动词有：,三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝,设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。,hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose,2）、后接疑问代词+不定式做宾语的常见动词有：,tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explainknow,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihopeyoulladvisemewhattodo.,2、动名词做宾语,1）、可跟在介词后做宾语2）、后常接动名词作宾语的动词有：,喜欢、考虑不可免停止、放弃太冒险错过想象莫推延要求完成是期望建议继续勤练习不禁原谅要坚持继续注意使成功,enjoy,consider,escape,avoidstop,giveup,riskmiss,imagine,delay,putoffrequire,finish,lookforwardtosuggest,goon,practisecanthelp,excuse,insistonkeepon,mind,succeedin,注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如,Wedontallowpeopletofishhere.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。,Peoplearenotallowedfishinghere.人们不准在这儿钓鱼。,3、it作形式宾语Subject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.,1.Wethought_better_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat.4.Wethink_important_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_impossible_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.,4、主动表被动:,want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.+doingbeworth(值得),使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,tobedone,使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义,Theroomwants(clean).Themethodneeds(improve).Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).Theproblemneeds(workout).Thequestioniswellworth(discuss),注意：begin/start/continue/goon/stoplike/love/hate/prefer/learn/remember/forget/regrettrymean,todo,doing,todo,doing,todo,doing,todo,doing,todo,doing,解题技巧：1、寻找挨所给选项最近的动词或介词2、判断此动词后应该跟不定式还是动名词,1.Boys,dontforget_thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest3.Remember_thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff,三、作表语,1、不定式做表语Myhopeistoseeyou.2、动名词作表语Seeingisbelieving.3、分词作表语常见的可作表语的分词有：astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等,解题技巧：1、寻找句子的主语2、判断主语是人还是物,四、作定语,1.(不定式作定语，不定式要后置，可表将来)Ihavesomethingtotellyou.1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(区别主被动）2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.4)不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词Heislookingforaroomtolivein.,1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）,towriteon,towritewith,2、分词作定语，现在分词表主动，表进行，过去分词表被动，表完成,分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。,（1）前置定语,Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.Theresasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。,（2）后置定语,TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.,现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。,解题技巧：1、找见被修饰的名词或代词2、判断此名词或与所给选项中动词存在的关系，如果词名词或代词与所给动词是主动关系且表将来就用todo，如果是主动不表将来就用doing,如果表被动或完成就用done.,五、作状语,1、动词不定式作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。,Icameheretoseeyou不定式作目的状语时前面不能有逗号WewereveryexcitedtohearthenewsHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.不定式做结果状语时，前面常加一个only或justTolookathim，youwouldlikehim,(目的),(原因),(结果),(条件),现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别,2、分词作状语表原因，伴随，方式，条件,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.,4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.,解题步骤,1、根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分2、找准逻辑主语3、判断主、被动关系4、指出非谓语的动作是发生在句子谓语动作之前还是之后，从而确定考虑用完成式还是一般式。5.最后选定现在或过去分词。,六、作宾语补足语,1、动词不定式作宾补与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系),1.Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock.2.Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim_changehismind?4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme_dotheworkwithhim,adviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest,sb.todo,注意：Mfortable/easy/hard/difficult后常用todo作宾补,注意：反身代词（himself,yourselves.)常用过去分词作宾补,2、不定式作宾语补足语,可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。,Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。,seewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice,+,sb.,+,dodoingdone,makelethave,区别,sb.be,seenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed,+,todo,madelet,2).,Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.,Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime.Lookatthehorsejump.,注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：,Heisoftenheard_thesong,Hewasseen_theroom.,tosing,toenter,解题步骤,1、找准句中的动词2、看动词后接那种形式,