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FromComposertointerpretertolistener,Unit10TextI,Group3,Contents,1.Pre-readingactivities2.Introductionofthetext3.Comprehensionofthetext4.Languagepoints,Pre-readingactivities,1.Canyoulistthetypesofmusic?Andwhatsyourfavoritemusic?Classicalmusic,countrymusic,lightmusicjazz,blues,heavymetal,rock,pop,folk,rap,sonata奏鸣曲,symphony,patriotic,religious,militarySoulmusic(爵士灵歌：美国黑人发展的流行音乐，结合了福音唱诗以及强节奏音乐和布鲁斯音乐的特点),Spiritualmusic（原先由美国黑奴唱的）黑人圣歌,ballad【音乐】伤感的情歌：尤指浪漫的或伤感的流行歌曲,Swingmusic摇摆乐：形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐，以爵士乐为基础，但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队,2.whatsthefunctionsofmusic？,-makeonefeelhappy/pleasant-putoneintherightmood-relaxesonesnerves-regulatestheworkpace-isagreatwaytopromotecertainmusiciansandsingers-createsapleasantatmosphere,Pre-readingactivities,Introduction,thetitle：FromcomposertointerpretertolistenerWhatdoyouthinkthetermscomposer,interpreterandlistenerreferto?composer:apersonwhowritesmusic,createmusic,amirrorofhispersonalityandtheinfluencesofhistimeinterpreter:apersonwhoperformsmusicalcompositions,e.g.,pianist,violinist,cellist,oraconductorofasymphonyorchestra,assimilatingandrecreatingmusic,reproducingtheverythoughtofthecomposerlistener:apersonwholistenstomusic,fullyinvolvedinthemusic,influencingtheartofcompositionandinterpretation,Introduction,AaronCopland(November14,1900December2,1990)wasanAmericanclassicalcomposerofconcertandfilmmusic.InstrumentalinforgingadistinctlyAmericanstyleofcomposition,CoplandsmusicachievedadifficultbalancebetweenmodernmusicandAmericanfolkstyles.Hisworkincludebillythekid(1939),burymemotontheloneprairie(1942),Appalachianspring(1944)andinscape(1967).ThistextisanexcerptfromachapterinCoplandswhattolistenforinmusic(1939).,AaronCopland,Introduction,BookintroductionWhethertheylistentoMozartorDukeEllington,AaronCoplandinvitesreaderstoasktwobasicquestions:Aretheyhearingeverythingthatisgoingon?Aretheyreallybeingsensitivetoit?Withhisprovocativesuggestions,AaronCoplandguidesreadersthroughadeeperappreciationofthemostrewardingofallartforms.,1.Whatsthetextabout?-Thisisanexpositorypieceofwriting,dealingwiththerelationshipbetweenthecomposer,interpreterandlistener,thedifferentroleeachplaysinamusicalexperience.,Howmanypartscanthistextbedivided?Howisitdivided?,Itcanbedividedintothreeparts:Paragraph1-3:thecomposerParagraph4-7:theinterpreterParagraph8-11:thelistener,Discussionquestion,Whatdowelistenforwhenwelistentoacomposer/songs?Hesemotion(happiness,love,hate,ect),thoughts,personality,ect,Languagepoints,1.listenlistenforsth/sb:topayattentionsotobesureofhearing留神听，倾听。Eg:Iknockedatthedoor,andlistenedfortheanswer.注意音乐改变的那一瞬间（listenfor)Listenforthemomentwhenthemusicchanges.listenin(to):a）tolistentoaradiobroadcast收听电台广播Eg:ListeningintotheBBCWorldService收听英国广播公司国际新闻节目b）overhear(aconversation,etc)偷听(谈话等)Eg:Thecriminalsdidnotknowthepolicewerelisteningin.罪犯不知道他们一直受警方的监听。,2.Sculptorn,Asculptorisapersonwhouseswood,stone,metal,andsoontomakerepresentationsofpeopleorthingsinsomeway;雕刻家Sculpture雕塑；雕刻3.exterioradj,onorcomingfromtheoutside;outer外部的；外面的Cf：interiorn,a)outwardappearancofsurface;outside外貌;外面Eg:Agentlemanwitharoughexterior外貌粗拙而性情温和的男子b)Scenesetoutsideinapaintingorplay(绘画或戏剧的)外景,Languagepoints,Languagepoints,4.Quintessential:adj,perfect,most“essential”Quintessencen,a)essentialpartof精髓，精华b)Perfectexampleof典范Eg:TheQuintessenceofvirtue美德的榜样5.embody:v(note1)1)expressorgivevisibleformto(ideas,feelings,etc)体现（想法、感情等）;使（想法、感情等）具体化:Eg:Tomeheembodiesallthebestqualitiesofateacher.在我看来,他本身体现了教师应有的一切优秀品质.Thelatestcarsembodymanynewfeatures.最新的小车具有很多新特色.2)includeorcontainsth包括或含有某物:Eg:Thelatestcomputermodelembodiesmanynewfeatures.最新型的计算机具备许多新功能.Shestheembodimentofkindness.她是慈祥的化身.,Languagepoints,6.Inthecaseof:adj,至于,在的情况下,就来说,就而言,对而言.Eg:我们把这类故事视为神话,但就林肯来说,这故事却是真实的.Itsthekindofstorywethinkofasmyth.ButinthecaseofLincoln,thestoryistrue.Cf:incaseof:adv.假设,万一7.Mirror:v,reflect(sth)asinamirror反射,映照(某事物)Eg:Thetressweremirroredinthestillwaterofthelake.静静的湖水映出岸上的树木。Anovelthatmirrorsmodernsociety.反映现实社会的小说,Languagepoints,9.streak:n,a)longthinmark,lineorbandofadifferentsubstanceorcolourfromitssurroundings(与整体不同物质或颜色的)条纹,线条,斑纹:Eg:streaksofgreyinherhair她头发上夹杂着的缕缕白发astreak(ieflash)oflightning一道闪电b)Elementortrace(inapersonscharacter)(个性中的)些微特点或特质Eg:Astreakofjealousy,vanity,cruelty几分嫉妒、虚荣、残忍V.a)esppassivesth(withsth)marksthwithstreaks在某物上加条纹:Eg:haveoneshairstreaked把头发染成一缕缕不同的颜色whitemarblestreakedwithbrown带褐色条纹的白色大理石.,b)Moveveryfast(inthespecifieddirection)飞快的（向某方向）移动Eg：thechildrenstreakedoffdownthestreetasfastastheycould.孩子们拼命地沿街飞跑8.frailty:na)Physicalweakness（身体）虚弱b)(instanceof)weaknessincharacterormorals:faultorimperfection（性格）软弱；（道德观念）薄弱；错误；缺点Eg:shecontinuedtolovehimdespitehismanyfrailties.尽管他有很多缺点，但她仍爱他。Humanfrailty人类的弱点,TheintroductionofLullyandWagner,JeanBaptisteLully(1632-1687)frenchcourtandoperaticcomposer.,Languagepoints,RichardWagner（1813-1883)leadingGermancomposerofthelate19thcentury,Languagepoints,10.epoch:(beginningofa)periodoftimeinhistory,life,thehistoryoftheearth,etc,esponemarkedbynotableeventsorcharacteristics纪元；时代；时期Eg:Einsteinstheorymarkedanewepochinmathematics.爱因斯坦理论开创了数学的新纪元.theepoch-makingdiscoveryofAmerica发现美洲的划时代的创举Anentirehistoricalepoch整个历史时代11.Inevitable:adj,thatcannotbeavoided;thatissuretohappen不可避免的；必然发生的；难免的Eg:aninevitabledisaster不可避免的灾难Itseemsinevitablethattheylllose.看来他们的败局是势不可免了。,Languagepoints,12.correspond:a)(withsth)beinagreement;相一致;相符合:Eg:Youraccountandherscorrespond.你的说法跟他的说法一致。Thewrittenrecordofourconversationdoesntcorrespondwithwhatwasactuallysaid.对我们交谈所作的文字记录与我们的原话不符.b)(tosth)beequivalentorsimilar相当的;相似的:Eg:Theworkingofthismachinecorrespondstothatofthehumanbrain.这种机器的作用就相当于人脑的作用。TheAmericanCongresscorrespondstotheBritishParliament.美国的国会相当於英国的议会.c)(withsb)exchangeletters通信:Eg:Wevecorresponded(witheachother)foryearsbutIveneveractuallymethim.我们已（互相）通信多年了,可是我从未见过他本人。,Languagepoints,13.matureVi/etofulldevelopment使成熟，成熟Eg:Hischaractermaturedduringtheseyears.Theseyearsmaturedhischaracter.adj.fullygrownordeveloped;ripeEg:personsofmatureyears成年人maturity:n.Uthestateofbeingmature14.Applyto:havereferenceto;concern;bedirectlyrelatedto,Languagepoints,15.Mercy:n,capacityforholdingoneselfbackfrompunishing仁慈，怜悯Eg：Theyshowedmercytotheenemyandletthemlive.他饶恕了他的敌人，饶了他们的命。Tothetendermerciesof:totheprobablyunkindorroughtreatmentbyEg:Heworksunderthewoman,soheislefttothetendermerciesofthewoman.Ifyoumarryhim,youwillbelefttohistendermercies.Atthemercyof束手无策，任人摆布Eg：Idontwanttobeatthemercyofsuchaleader.Leavetothemercies让受摆布（虐待）Havethemercyonsb对怜悯Withoutmercy残忍地，毫不容情地,Languagepoints,16.Interpretive(=interpretative):adj,oforconcerninginterpretation解释的;说明的;表明的;体现的;理解的;口译的Eg：thepianistsconsiderableinterpretativeskills那个弹钢琴的人深刻理解原作而表现的演奏技巧17.lay:adj.nonprofessional外行的Eg：alayopinionastotheseriousnessofthedisease.关于这种疾病的非专业的意见Tothelaymind,thesetechnicaltermsareincomprehensible.(对外行人来说，这些专门术语不好理解)18.Assimilate:v,Causefoodtobecomepartofthebody吸收(营养)b)(causeto)becomepartofanothersocialgrouporstate同化Eg:Americahasassimilatedmanyoutstandingpeoplefromallcornersoftheworld.美国同化了许多来自世界各地优秀的人,Languagepoints,Cf：absorb指被吸收者已失去特点，或是其特点不复存在；assimilate除含absorb意思外，还指将被吸收者变成了吸收者的一部分19.Elucidation：n,anactofexplainingthatservestoclearup说明；阐明elucidatev,makeclearand(more)comprehensibleEg.Thenotehelptoelucidatethemostdifficultpartsofthetext.这些注释有助于弄清文中最难懂的部分。Thescientistelucidatedhistheorybythreesimpledemonstrations.这位科学家以三个简单的实例来说明他的理论。,Languagepoints,Thanks!,
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