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Section Grammar & Writing,直接引语和间接引语() 一、概念,1直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，如果引用的是原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语。 The teacher asked，“Do you like English？” The girl said，“I like English very much.” 注意：引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。,2间接引语：当我们要引用别人的话语时，可以用自己的话把意思转述过来，被转述的部分叫做间接引语。 The teacher asked the girl if she liked English. The girl said that she liked English very much. 注意：间接引语不用逗号、引号；间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。,二、直接引语变间接引语的规则,三、时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化；如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。,四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化,五、直接引语变间接引语时态“五不变”原则,.句型转换 将所给的直接引语变成间接引语。 1He asked her，“Where are you going？” He asked her_ _ _ _. 答案： where she was going,2The lady said，“I shall go there on time.” The lady said that_ _go there on time. 答案： she would 3He said to me，“I wrote to my father yesterday.” He told me_ _ _to his father_ _ _. 答案： he had written；the day before,4The teacher asked，“Are you waiting for the bus？” The teacher asked_ _ _waiting for the bus. 答案： if I was 5The professor said，“Light travels much faster than sound.” The professor said that light_much faster than sound. 答案： travels,6She said，“My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.” She said that_mother_ _ _to an exhibition_ _ _. 答案： her；had taken her；the day before 7My sister said to me，“I will come here next week.” My sister_me that_ _ _ _ _next week. 答案： told；she would go there the,8“How are you feeling now？”the doctor asked him. The doctor asked him_ _ _feeling_. 答案： how he was；then,.单项填空 1The teacher said that Columbus_America in 1492. Adiscovered Bfound Chad discovered Dhad found 解析： 解答本题的关键在于把握整句的语境，确定正确的时态形式。直接引语中有具体的表过去的时间状语，变间接引语时，时态不变，故排除C、D两项，另外，find意为“找到失去的东西或在某个场所发现某人”，与此题句意不符。discover意为“发现了原本存在的事物”。 答案： A,2After the examination，my teacher told me that failure_the mother of success. Awas Bis Cbe Dbeen 解析： 表示“真理，事实”的直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。 答案： B,3The child asked his mother_go out to play tennis. Athat he could Bif he could Cif could he Dthat could he 解析： 直接引语若为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，常用if或whether来引导，且从句中用陈述句语序。 答案： B,4Mr Brown said he_me the next week. Awould see Bwill see Chad seen Dsaw 解析： 由句中the next week这一时间状语可知宾语从句的时态需用过去将来时。 答案： A,5The mother asked her son_. Awhat did he do the day before Bwhere did he find his lost wallet Cwhat time he got up that morning Dthat if he had finished his homework,解析： 直接引语为特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时需用陈述语气，排除A、B两项；直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语可用引导词that引导；直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时常用if或whether引导，故排除D项。 答案： C,6He said，“Whats the matter？” He asked_. Awhat the matter is Bwhat the matter was Cwhat is the matter Dwhat was the matter,解析： whats the matter是一个陈述句语序的句子，在变成间接引语时，语序不变，只改变时态。 答案： D,7My mother often says that she_happy with us. Ais Bwas Chad been Dwould be 解析： 当主句的谓语是一般现在时态时，从句中的时态不变。故用is。 答案： A,8Tom told the boss of his company that he_born in 1956. Awas Bhad been Cis Dhas been 解析： 在有具体的过去时间作状语的直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变，仍然用一般过去时。 答案： A,9He said that his car_stolen and that he_have to telephone the police. Awas；would Bhas been；will Chad been；would Dhad been；will,解析： 间接引语虽然是由and连接的两个并列的宾语从句，但时态却不一定一致，因为此句改为直接引语应为：He said，“My car was (has been) stolen and I will have to telephone the police.”车子被盗是过去，而给警察打电话是将来(马上，立即)，所以变为间接引语应分别与所对应的时间一致。 答案： C,10He asked me_I would go to Beijing by air the next day. Athat if Bif Cthat whether Dhow 解析： that，if和whether都是连接词，不能连用；by air已经明确了去北京的方式，故不选how。 答案： B,11Could you please tell me_get to the nearest bookstore? Ahow I can Bhow can I Cwhere I can Dwhere can I 解析： 考查间接引语的引导词及语序。由the nearest bookstore可知，引导词不用where，又因为间接引语要用陈述语序，故选A项。 答案： A,12The teacher said that_. Apractice made perfect Bpractice would make perfect Cpractice makes perfect Dpractice will make perfect 解析： “Practice makes perfect.”为谚语，故其时态在宾语从句中不用变化，所以选C。 答案： C,13Mr Green asked Jack whether he had passed the exam_. Ayesterday Bthe day before Cthe day ago Dbefore the day 解析： 由主句谓语动词asked可知从句动作发生在“过去的过去”，the day before常与过去完成时连用。 答案： B,14The teacher told the students that there_a meeting at three oclock. Awere going to have Bare going to be Cwill have Dwas going to be 解析： 主句谓语动词(told)为过去式，后面宾语从句中的谓语动词也要用相应的过去时态，故排除B项和C项。A项句子结构错误。 答案： D,15When Tom_ ，please let me know. Mary said when Tom_，just tell her about it. Acomes；comes Bcame；came Ccomes；came Dcomes；coming 解析： 考查动词时态。第一空为状语从句中一般现在时表将来；第二空因主句谓语(said)为过去时，宾语从句中谓语动词应用相应的过去时态。 答案： C,写信：致歉 一、题目要求 假如你是王平，你和你的好朋友李强因为组织班级活动时意见不一致产生了争吵，当时你的态度非常粗鲁，结果李强不再理你了。事后你非常后悔，想向李强道歉，可是李强不给你解释的机会。请你给李强写一封信表达你的歉意，并请求他的原谅。,注意：1.词数：100左右；2.内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯；3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Li Qiang， In the past few days_ _ _,二、关键词语,三、连词成句 1最近几天我一直在考虑上周所发生的事情。 In the past few days Ive been thinking about what happened last week. 2我知道让你接受我的道歉很难。 I know that it will be very difficult for you to accept my apology.,3我写这封信的主要原因是我们的友谊太珍贵了，不能因为一次争吵就失去。 The main reason why Im writing you this letter is that our friendship is too valuable to lose over a silly argument.,四、构思谋篇,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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