定语从句知识点及练习.ppt

定语从句,Theattributiveclause,Thekindsofattribute(定语):,1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.Whatsyourtelephonenumber?4.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.,modify(修饰),restrict(限定)常译作：的,定语的位置,1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）,（一）定义及相关术语,1.定语从句(attributiveclause)：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有:when,where,why,Ihaveanapple.,Theappleisred.,Ihaveanapple,that/whichisred.,修饰先行词anapple,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,关系代词,关系副词,事，物：which/that/whose/as人：who/whom/whose/that/as,地点：where时间：when原因：why,TheAttributiveClause（定语从句）,HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.,引导词,关系代词:who,whom,that,which,whose,as,关系副词:wherewhenwhy,先行词,引导词,定语从句,关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.,（二）关系代词引导的定语从句,1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。,TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.,Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.,YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.,ThatistheteacherwhoteachesusEnglish.,2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。,MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.,LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.,注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。,Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.,3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.,Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.,Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.,Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.,4that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.,Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?,Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.,Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.,（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.,Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.,TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.,Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.,ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.,Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.,Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.,ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.,注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。,Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.,Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.,.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。,Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.,Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.,TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.,TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.,考点一：只能用THAT的情况：,*先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.*先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。ThisisthefirstthingthatIshoulddo.*先行词是all,any,few,anything,everything,nothing,something,AllthatIshoulddohasbeendone.,*先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时.ThisistheonlybookthatIwanttobuy.*先行词既有人又有物时。Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwevisited.*当句中已有who时，为避免重复。Whoisthewomanthatiscrying?,不能用THAT的情况,关系代词前有介词时ThisisthetowninwhichIwasborn.ThisisthepersontowhomItalkedjustnow.在非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省；THAT不用于引导非限制性定语从句。Tomhastwosisters,whoarebothnurses.Hegotgoodresults,whichpleasedhisparentsverymuch.,考点二Whose用法,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.,Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,Anyone_breaksthelawispunished.Those_breakthelawarepunished.He_breaksthelawispunished.,在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.,考点三:that与who的区别,who,who,who,考点四:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjob,is,am,1.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten,考点五：关系词的省略1、关系代词做主语是不能省略。2、关系代词做宾语时可以省略。3、whose不能省略。,1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,_madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what,2.Thegentleman_youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom,3.Pleasetakeanyseat_isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that,4.Theoldmanhastwosons,_isasoldier.A.oneofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.noneofthem,5.Theboy_compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which,6.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,7.Mr.Wangisaboss,_factoryLiPingworked.A.inwhoseB.whoseC.inwhomD.ofwhich,8.Isthisbook_youwanttoborrowfromthelibrary?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./,9.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks_werepopularthen.A./B.thatC.whichD.who,10.Thisisthestore_wevisitedthefamousshopassistants.A.whereB.thereC.thatD.which,11.Ifashophaschairs_womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where,