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主谓一致,“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,即主语是复数,谓语也用复数形式,如are,were,have等,主语是单数,谓语要用单数形式,如:is,was,has,works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。,意义一致的原则,(一)谓语动词为单数的情况,1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那个工人兼作家)(比较:TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家)BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.2.Everyand(every),eachand(each),noand(no),manyaand(manya)连接两个单数名词作主语。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.注:主语是manya+n.或morethanone+n.时。Manyachildhasgonetoseeher.Morethanonestudenthastriedthis.,意义一致的原则,(一)谓语动词为单数的情况,3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语。Eachofthestudentshasabook.4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.5.以s结尾的词,但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。maths,mathematics,physics,politics等。TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.美国成立于1776年。TheArabianNightsisveryinteresting.天方夜谭很有趣。6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.(注:如果强调数量,则用复数),7.由any-,some-,every-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。8.非谓语动词(V-ing,todo)、名词性从句作主语。Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.Toservethecountryisourduty.Howandwhyheleftwasasadstory.注1:what引导的主语从句,谓语的单复数看情况而定。Whattheyneedismorewater.Whatherfatherleftherareonlysomebooks.注2:由howandwhy,whenandwhere引导的从句做主语时,谓动仍用单数。Whenandwherewewillhavethemeetinghasnotbeendecided.,意义一致的原则,(一)谓语动词为单数的情况,9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。,意义一致的原则,(一)谓语动词为单数的情况,(二)谓语动词为复数的情况,1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.2.people,police,cattle等集体名词作主语。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.3.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.4.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名词作主语。,意义一致的原则,(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数,指个个成员用复数。Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.2.means,works,sheep等词,根据主语表达的概念而定。Thesteelworksisnearthestation.Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.,意义一致的原则,3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名词”作主语,以这些名词本身的单复数而定。Thiskindofbookispopular.Thiskindofshoessellwell.4.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。Thirtypercentofstudentsareintheclassroom.Thirtypercentofwaterisinthebottle.,(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,意义一致的原则,6.The+形容词/分词作主语,指“一类”人或事物时,常用作复数用;指“某一个”人,或“抽象的”事物时,作单数用。,(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,意义一致的原则,Therichbecomericher,thepoorbecomepoorer.(富人越来越富,穷人越来越穷.)Thewoundedweresenttohospital.(伤员被送往医院了),就近一致原则,1.由or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.但注意:“with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.2.由there或here引导的句子,主语不止一个词时,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。,集合名词作主语,谓语的数如何确定?,1Hisfamily_asmallone2Hisfamily_fatandshortAis,isBare,areCis,areDare,is,此题应选C。family是一个集合名词,具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有:team(队,队员),class(班,班上的全体学生),crowd(人群),government(政府),crew(乘务员),committee(委员会,委员们),audience(听众)等:,Thisclassconsistsof45students.MrGreenteachesit这个班45个学生,由格林先生教。Thisclassarealldiligent.MrGreenteachesthem.这个班的学生都很用功,由格林先生教。,Itwaslate,buttheaudiencewasincreasing.时间很迟了,但听众人数却在增加。Theaudiencewereallmovedtotears.听众都感动得流了泪。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法:1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数):clothing衣服,poetry诗歌,baggageluggage行李,furniture家俱,machinery机械,scenery景色,jewellery珠宝等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式):people人,police警察,cattle牲口等。,但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能,它的谓语到底用单数还是复数,要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数),例如:Whoisyourbrother?谁是你的兄弟?Whoareyourbrothers?哪些是你的兄弟?Whathesaidisquitecorrect他所说的完全正确。Whatheleftmeareonlyafewoldbooks他给我留下的只是几本旧书。,谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?,WeChinese_ahard-workingpeopleAisBareCisbeingDarebeing,此题应选B。这里应注意的是:我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致),而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致),本题意为:我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。,注意以下类似例子:ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJimTheplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudyThemostimportantthingIneedisbooksThecountrysleadingexportiswatchesThebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies,并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致?,1.Youorhe_toblame你或他有一人要受责备。2._youorhetoblame?受责备的是你还是他?Ais,IsBare,AreCis,AreDare,Is,在通常情况下,两个并列主语由or,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,notonlybut(also)等连接时,其谓语通常与第二个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致,但是,在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致。,1Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityAisBareCamDbe2NeithermywifenorImyself_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindAisBareCamDbe3NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherAisBareCamDbe4Nottheteacher,butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe,下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致?,Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagiftAisofferedBhasofferedCareofferedDhaveoffered,用连词and连接的两个并列主语,其谓语要用复数,但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan等连接的另一个名词,其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。,1NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen2Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome3Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis。AknowBknowsCisknownDareknown4Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyAhasreadBhavereadCarereadingDisreading5Allbutone_intheaccidentAwaskilledBwerekilledCwillbekilledDarekilled,1.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided4.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were5.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play6._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are,ThankYou,
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