《主谓一致-高复》PPT课件.ppt

主谓一致,“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。,意义一致的原则,（一）谓语动词为单数的情况,1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那个工人兼作家)(比较：TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家)BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.2.Everyand(every),eachand(each),noand(no),manyaand(manya)连接两个单数名词作主语。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.注：主语是manya+n.或morethanone+n.时。Manyachildhasgonetoseeher.Morethanonestudenthastriedthis.,意义一致的原则,（一）谓语动词为单数的情况,3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语。Eachofthestudentshasabook.4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.5.以s结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。maths,mathematics,physics,politics等。TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.美国成立于1776年。TheArabianNightsisveryinteresting.天方夜谭很有趣。6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.（注：如果强调数量，则用复数）,7.由any-,some-,every-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。8.非谓语动词（V-ing,todo）、名词性从句作主语。Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.Toservethecountryisourduty.Howandwhyheleftwasasadstory.注1：what引导的主语从句，谓语的单复数看情况而定。Whattheyneedismorewater.Whatherfatherleftherareonlysomebooks.注2：由howandwhy,whenandwhere引导的从句做主语时，谓动仍用单数。Whenandwherewewillhavethemeetinghasnotbeendecided.,意义一致的原则,（一）谓语动词为单数的情况,9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。,意义一致的原则,（一）谓语动词为单数的情况,（二）谓语动词为复数的情况,1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.2.people,police,cattle等集体名词作主语。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.3.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.4.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名词作主语。,意义一致的原则,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.2.means,works,sheep等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。Thesteelworksisnearthestation.Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.,意义一致的原则,3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。Thiskindofbookispopular.Thiskindofshoessellwell.4.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。Thirtypercentofstudentsareintheclassroom.Thirtypercentofwaterisinthebottle.,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,意义一致的原则,6.The+形容词/分词作主语，指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用；指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,意义一致的原则,Therichbecomericher,thepoorbecomepoorer.(富人越来越富,穷人越来越穷.)Thewoundedweresenttohospital.（伤员被送往医院了）,就近一致原则,1.由or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.但注意：“with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.2.由there或here引导的句子，主语不止一个词时，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。,集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?,1Hisfamily_asmallone2Hisfamily_fatandshortAis，isBare，areCis，areDare，is,此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会，委员们)，audience(听众)等：,Thisclassconsistsof45students.MrGreenteachesit这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。Thisclassarealldiligent.MrGreenteachesthem.这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。,Itwaslate,buttheaudiencewasincreasing.时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。Theaudiencewereallmovedtotears.听众都感动得流了泪。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry诗歌，baggageluggage行李，furniture家俱，machinery机械，scenery景色，jewellery珠宝等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。,但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数），例如：Whoisyourbrother？谁是你的兄弟？Whoareyourbrothers？哪些是你的兄弟？Whathesaidisquitecorrect他所说的完全正确。Whatheleftmeareonlyafewoldbooks他给我留下的只是几本旧书。,谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?,WeChinese_ahard-workingpeopleAisBareCisbeingDarebeing,此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。,注意以下类似例子：ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJimTheplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudyThemostimportantthingIneedisbooksThecountrysleadingexportiswatchesThebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies,并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？,1.Youorhe_toblame你或他有一人要受责备。2._youorhetoblame?受责备的是你还是他？Ais，IsBare，AreCis，AreDare，Is,在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，notonlybut（also）等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。,1Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityAisBareCamDbe2NeithermywifenorImyself_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindAisBareCamDbe3NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherAisBareCamDbe4Nottheteacher，butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe,下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？,Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagiftAisofferedBhasofferedCareofferedDhaveoffered,用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。,1NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen2Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome3Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis。AknowBknowsCisknownDareknown4Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyAhasreadBhavereadCarereadingDisreading5Allbutone_intheaccidentAwaskilledBwerekilledCwillbekilledDarekilled,1.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided4.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were5.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play6._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are,ThankYou,