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TheNervousSystemNeuronsCentralNervousSystemBrainSpinalCord(脊椎）PeripheralNervousSystemTheSenses,Controleachsystemhasonemajorrole,Adistinctbodypartthatcarriesoutoneormoremainfunctions,Agroupofsimilarcellsthatcarryoutaspecializedjob,Thebasicbuildingblockofalllivingthings,plantoranimal,Specializedstructuresinsideacellthathavespecificfunctions,Acollectionofsystems,TheNervousSystem,Helpsthebodyadjusttochangesinyourenvironment,TheNervousSystem,StimulusAnychangeinsideoroutsideyourbodythatbringsaboutaresponseHomeostasisRegulationofsteadyconditionsinsidethebody,TheNervousSystem,CentralNervousSystem=Brain+SpinalCordPeripheralNervousSystem=Nervestorestofbody,Neurons,Buildingblocksofthenervoussystem100billionneuronsinyourbrainalone30,000onapinheadTheycommunicatewitheachotherthousandsoftimesasecond.BundlesofneuronsmakeupNERVES,3TypesofNerveCells,SensoryNeuronsReceiveinformationformasensoryreceptorandsendimpulsestotheCNSInterneuronsRelayimpulsesfromsensoryneuronstomotorneuronsMotorNeuronsCarryimpulsefromtheCNStomusclesandglandsthroughoutthebody,PartsofaNeuron,3MAINPARTSDendrites-receivemessagesfromotherneuronsCellBodynucleusisfoundhereAxon-sendsmessagestootherneurons,PartsofaNeuron,Dendrites,CellBody,Axon,Synapse,SpacebetweeneachneuronNeurotransmittersarethemessengersthattravelacrosseachsynapseTheyarechemicalsignalsthatneuronsusetotalktoeachother,whichiswhatmakesyourbrainwork.Theyhelpdeterminehowyoufeel,thinkandact.,Neurotransmitters,Serotonin-involvedinmood(suchashelpingyoutofeelhappy),sleep,mentalhealth,bloodpressureandheartbeat.Dopamine-importantinhelpingtoregulatephysicalmovement,pleasure,andthought.MissinginpatientswithParkinsonsDisease.,Neurotransmitters,Acetylcholine-involvedinregulatingmuscles,memory,mood,sleep,andorgans(liketheheart).LoweredamountsassociatedwithAlzheimersDisease,CentralNervousSystem(C.N.S.),BRAIN,SPINALCORD,Cerebrum,LargestpartofthebrainInterpretsimpulsesfromthesensesResponsiblefor:thinkingandlearningcreativityfivesensesmemoryandemotionproblem-solvingdecisions,Cerebellum,CoordinatesvoluntarymusclemovementHelpsmaintainbalanceWhenaballisthrowntoyou,thecerebellumcoordinatestheproperresponsetopreventinjury,Brainstem,ControlsinvoluntaryactionsConnectsthebraintothespinalcordRegulatesheartrate,breathing,swallowing,blinking,andmoreMadeupof:themidbrainponsmedulla,SpinalCord,MadeupofbundlesofneuronsCarriesimpulsestoandfromthebrainTogether,thebrainandspinalcordmakeuptheCentralNervousSystem(C.N.S.)Funfact:Thespinalcordisabout45cmlonginmenand43cmlonginwomen.,PeripheralNervousSystem(P.N.S.),ConnectstheC.N.S.withtherestofthebodysensorynervestakeimpulsefromstimulus(sensoryreceptors)tothetheCNSmotornervestakeimpulsefromtheCNStothemusclesandglandsthattakeaction.,Reflex,REFLEXAninvoluntary,automaticresponsetoastimuluscontrolledbythespinalcordLikewhenthedoctorusestherubbermalletonyourtendonbelowyourkneeMovementwhensomeoneunexpectedlythrowssomethingatyou,ReflexArc,Whenthebodyreceivesapainfulstimulus(steppingonanail,touchingahotsurface,etc),thebodyrespondssuper-fast.ReflexArcAshort-cutanimpulsetakesforaquickerresponsePathofreflexarc:STIMULUSsensoryreceptorsensorynervespinalcord(interneuron)motornervemuscleRESPONSEAnimpulsecontinuesuptothebraintobeinterpretedbythecerebrum,BUT,meanwhiletheaffectedareahasalreadyproducedaresponse!,AutonomicNervousSystem(partoftheP.N.S.),FightorflightOftenreferredtoasyourfight-or-flightsystem,yoursympatheticnervoussystempreparesyourbodyforemergencies.Itshuntsyourbloodtoyourmusclesandincreasesyourbloodpressure,heartrateandbreathingrate,enablingyoutocopewithstressfulsituations.RestanddigestYourparasympatheticnervoussystemmaintainsandrestoresyourenergy.Itdirectsbloodtoyourdigestivetractandmakessureyouactivelydigestfood.Italsomaintainsyourbloodpressure,heartrateandbreathingrateatalowlevel.Thatswhyitissometimescalledyourrestanddigestsystem.,EXTRA,Fightorflight,Returntonormal,Senses,VisionSensoryReceptorsRodssensebrightnessConessensecolor,Theretina,inthebackofyoureye,hascellsthataresensitivetolight.Theyconnectdirectlytoyourbrain.,Senses,HearingSoundwavesmakeyoureardrumvibrate.Smallbonesinyourearvibrate(hammer,anvil,stirrup)Vibrationsgothroughthesnail-likecochlea,whichturnsthemintonerveimpulsestoyourbrain.,Senses,Taste10,000tastebudsinyourmouthYourtonguepicksupfourtypesoftaste:sweetsourbittersaltySweetandsaltyareleastsensitiveBitteronesaremostsensitive,Senses,SmellOdorparticlesdriftintoyournoseStimulatesensoryreceptorsolfactorycellsinnasalpassagesSensoryreceptorssendimpulsestoyourbraintobeinterpreted.,Senses,Thereareatleastsixtypesoftouchreceptorsinyourskin:HotColdPainPressureTouchFinetouch,Touch,Questions,Whatarethemainpartsofthebrain?Whatisthefunctionofeach?DescribeaneuronWhatisit?Whattypesarethere?Whatarethepartsofaneuron?Whatisthecentralnervoussystem?Whatistheperipheralnervoussystem?,Questions,Whatisastimulus?Response?Aninvoluntary,automaticresponsetoastimulusiswhat?Whatpathdoestheimpulsetake?Definehomeostasis.,HelpfulResource,
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