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UNIT 3Life stories_PART lUNDERSTANDING AND LEARNINGOverview_Movies play an important role in almost everyones life. People from the movie industry have considerable influence on the masses. They exhibit personality traits that deserve admiration and applause, and could be looked up to as role models. This unit will fully explore their best qualities. The two texts in the current unit are biographies, a genre of literature, which is a written account of another persons life. Each of the texts narrates, analyzes and interprets the most important facts of one prominent figure in the movie domain. Text A pays attention to actress Audrey Hepburns noble endeavor and her contribution to the cause of UNICEF, while Text B portrays the determination and fervent spirit of director and producer Steven Spielberg.The teacher can make students do additional research at the library, or Audrey Hepburn and Steven Spielberg in advance. Then in the classroom, the teacher may organize a variety of activities including pair work, group discussion, and mini-survey to talk about the films or the issue of fame, fortune, and social responsibility.Section A_Audrey Hepburn-A true angel in this worldBackground information1 Audrey HepburnAudrey Hepburn (1929-1993) was a slender, stylish motion picture actress known for her radiant beauty, her ability to project an air of sophistication tempered by a charming innocence, and her tireless efforts to aid needy children.Although born in Belgium, Hepburn had British citizenship through her father and attended school in England as a child. In 1939, however, at the onset of World War II, her mother(Hepburns father left the family when she was six years old) moved the child to the Netherlands (where the author of this text mistakenly considered Hepburn was born), thinking the neutral country safer than England. Throughout World War II, Hepburn endured hardships in Nazi-occupied Holland. She still managed, however, to attend school and take ballet lessons. After the war, she continued to study ballet in Amsterdam and in London. During her early 20s, she studied acting and worked as a model and dancer. After appearing in several British films and starring in the 1951 Broadway play Gigi (琪琪), Hepburn gained instant Hollywood stardom for playing the Academy Award-winning lead role in Roman Holiday. She remains one of few entertainers who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards.Hepburns war-time struggles inspired her passion for humanitarian work. She devoted much of her later life to UNICEF, visiting famine-stricken villages, in Latin America, Africa, until shortly before her death of cancer in 1993. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of her work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1992.2 UNICEFUNICEF (United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund) was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. After 1950 the fund directed its efforts toward general programs for the improvement of childrens welfare, particularly in less-developed countries and in various emergency situations. The organizations broader mission was reflected in the name it adopted in 1953, the United Nations Childrens Fund, but it has continued to be known by the popular acronym based on this old name. Headquartered in New York City, UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. UNICEFs programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children.3 UNICEF Ambassador of GoodwillMany celebrities have acted as international, regional or national ambassadors, depending on their profile, interests, and desired level of responsibility. The role of Goodwill Ambassador allows celebrities with a demonstrated interest in UNICEF issues to use their fame to draw attention to important issues. This may take the form of public appearances and talks, visits to troubled regions, and use of their political access to advocate UNICEF causes, all of which have the power to draw attention from the media and to create public awareness.4 Gregory PeckGregory Peck (1916-2003) was one of the worlds most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s. He is best known for his performance in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird, which earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor.In 1967 Peck received the Academys Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. He was also in 1969 for his lifetime humanitarian effort. Always politically progressive, Peck was active in such causes as anti-war protests, workers rights and civil rights.5 Billy WilderBilly Wilder (1906-2002) was an Austrian-born American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer artist, and journalist. His career spanned more than 50 years and 60 films. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant and versatile filmmakers of Hollywoods golden age. During his career, Wilder gained 20 Academy Award nominations and won six Oscars. He received a lifetime achievement award from the American Film Institute in 1986.6 Academy AwardsAn Academy Award (byname Oscar) is an award presented annually by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors , actors , and writers. The award ceremony is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world, and is televised live in more than 200 countries annually.7 Hubert de GivenchyHubert de Givenchy (1927-,) is a French aristocrat and fashion designer who founder The House of Givenchy in 1952. He is famous for having designed much of the personal and professional wardrobe of Audrey Hepburn, as well as clothing for clients such as Jacqueline Kennedy. He was named to the International Best Dress List Hall of Fame in 1970.Detailed study of the text1 Audrey Hepburn thrilled audiences with starring roles in noteworthy films. (Para.1)Meaning: Audrey Hepburn played leading roles in many extraordinary films, and such poles gave great pleasure to the people who watched the filmsnoteworthy: a. important or interesting enough to deserve your attention 值得注意的；显著的One of the most noteworthy trends in contemporary American higher education is the tendency among community colleges to offer certificate programs besides the traditional associate degrees.当代美国高等教育最显著的趋势之一就是社区大学除了授予传统的副学士学位，还开设学历课程。2 Despite her success in the film domain, the roles she most preferred portraying were not in movies. (Para. 2)Meaning: Although Audrey Hepburn was a successful actress, the role she most preferred playing was not being an actress.domain: n.C (fml.) an area of activity, interest, or knowledge, esp. one that a particular person, organization, etc. deals with (活动、兴趣或知识的)领域，范围，范畴Recent research in the clinical domain has benefited from the incorporation of multiple methods of measurement.临床领域近期的研究得益于多种测量方法结合使用。portray: vt. 1) act the pare of a character in a play, film, or television program 扮演（角色）It was said that Portman studied dance to better portray her character. 听说波特曼学习舞蹈是为了更好的扮演她的角色。2) （ sb. / sth. as sth.）describe or show sb. or sth. in a particular way, according to your opinion of them把某人/某物描写成某种样子 Lawyers tend to portray their clients as misguided underprivileged youths.律师往往将自己的当事人描述成受人误导的贫困青年。3 She was an exemplary mother to her two sons and a UNCEF (the United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund) Ambassador of Goodwill serving victims in war-torn countries. (Para.2) Meaning: She was an excellent mother to her two sons and also a UNICEF Ambassador of Goodwill providing services to people who were suffering from the destructions of war in their countries.exemplary: a. excellent and providing a good example for people to follow 模范的；可作楷模的Mary had proven to be an exemplary educator to her students and a trusted and cherished friend to her colleagues. 玛丽对学生而言是一位模范教师，对同事而言是一位值得信任和珍惜的朋友。ambassador: n. C an important official who represents his or her government in a foreign country 大使He was President Clintons energy secretary and ambassador to the United Nations.他担任过克林顿总统的能源部长和驻联合国大使。4 .Audrey Hepburn was aware of the brutality, death, and destruction of war. (Para.3) Meaning: Audrey Hepburn knew clearly that war is cruel, violent treatment 野蛮行为；野蛮事件 The rulers brutality forced unarmed citizens to defend themselves. 统治者的野蛮行径迫使手无寸铁的市民进行自卫。5 She was hungry and malnourished, as her family was bankrupted as a result of the invasion. (Para.3) Meaning: Because of the Nazi invasion, her family became so poor heat she did not have enough food to eat and became ill as a result.6 Audreys father abandoned the family, and two of her uncles were taken captive and killed. (Para.3) Meaning: Audreys father ran away and deserted the family, and two of her uncles were arrested and then killed. captive: a. kept in prison or in a place that you ate not allowed to leave 被关押的；遭监禁的 A teenage boy called 911, claiming to be held captive in a house. 一个十几岁的男孩拨打了911，声称自己被囚禁在一座房子里。 take / hold sb. captive: take or keep sb. as a prisoner 关押某人；囚禁某人 The guerrillas shot down one airplane and took the pilot captive. 游击队击落了一架飞机，并关押了该飞行员。7 Audrey was grabbed off the street by Nazis and placed in line to be sent to a work camp. (Para.3) Meaning: Nazis arrested Audrey on the street, and placed her together with other people to be sent to a work camp.8 When the guards glanced away she darted away she darted off, barely escaping, and huddled in a cold, foul basement full of rats. (Para.3) Meaning: When the guards took their eyes off her, she quickly ran away and escaped. Then she hid in a cold dirty basement full of rats. dart: vi. move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction 猛冲；突进A deer suddenly darted out into the street from inside the forest. 一只鹿突然从森林里冲出来，跑到街上来了。 huddle: v. lie or sit with your arms and legs close to your body because you feel ill, cold or upset (因生病、寒冷或烦恼)蜷缩着身体The cat came inside from the rain and huddled behind the heater to warm up again.猫从雨中进到屋里，蜷缩在暖炉后面，好把身子暖和过来。 foul: a. very dirty, or smelling or tasting unpleasant 肮脏的；难闻的；难吃的The odor of smoke couldnt hide the foul smell of the dirty room. 烟的气味也无法盖住这个脏房间难闻的味道。9 The little girl who would become the worlds most magical actress began as an anonymous refugee confronting lifes horrors and fragility firsthand, (Para. 4) Meaning: Though now the most attractive movie star, at the very beginning, she was just an unknown person being forced to leave her country and directly face the terrible reality and an unstable life. anonymous: a. unknown by name 无名的；不署名的 We are also grateful for the generous gifts of three anonymous donors.我们也感谢三位匿名捐赠者慷慨的礼物。 refugee: n. C sb. who has been forced to leave their country, esp. during a war, or for political or religious reasons 难民；避难者 A UN refugee agency spokesman says as many as 100,000 people have already fled the country, and more are likely to follow.一位联合国难民署发言人说已有多达10万人逃离了那个国家，后面可能还有更多的人要跟随其后。 fragile: a. easily broken or damaged 脆弱的；一岁的；易损坏的 This great recession clearly demonstrates how fragile the markets are.这次经济大萧条清楚地表明市场是多么脆弱。 fragility: n. U脆弱 Events like the senseless Colorado movie theater shooting remind us of the fragility of life and the value of every single day.科罗拉多电影院开枪滥杀这类事件提醒我们生命是脆弱的，每一天都是宝贵的。10 But she refused to allow her spirit to be afflicted by the desperate reality of her young life.(Para.4)Meaning: Hopeless as her young life was, she was unwilling to let the reality have a negative influence on her spirit.afflict: vt. (fml.) (often passive) affect sb. Or sth. in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer 使受痛苦；折磨Afflicted by an unexplained illness, be missed school for the next two weeks.由于遭受不明疾病的折磨，他接下来两周都没上课。11 Instead, she transcended those challenges but never forgot what it felt to suffer, to be hungry, alone and helpless.(Para. 4)Meaning: Instead of being influenced by the hopeless reality of her young life, she overcame obstacles and was always aware of the feeling of suffering, hunger, loneliness, and desperation.12 After the war, Audrey and her mother left Holland, arriving in London as poor immigrants.(Para.5)Meaning: When the war was over, Audrey and her mother left Holland, moved to London with little money, and lived there.immigrant: n. C sb. who enters another country to live there permanently (外来)移民A Chinese immigrant in New York works as a janitor and has a daughter at Harvard, a son at Yale, and another son at MIT.一位在纽约的华裔移民是个看门人，有个女儿上哈佛，一个儿子上耶鲁，还有一个儿子在麻省理工。13 Her dream of becoming prime dancer drove her into a rigorous schedule at a famous ballet school.(Para.5)Meaning: To realize her dream of becoming a leading dancer, she went to a famous ballet school to get a strict training.rigorous: a.1)very sever or strict 严酷的；严厉的 To get a doctoral degree, you are required to have rigorous training in research and specialized knowledge in your subject areas.要想获得博士学位，你得在研究方面进行严苛的训练，还得有课题方面的专业知识。2）careful, through, and exact 严格的；缜密的；精确的Many people believed in her healing powers, however, she could offer no rigorous scientific evidence that her treatment actually saves lives. 许多人都相信她的治病能力茫然而，她提供不了严格的科学证据表明她的治疗确实能够救人。14 Later, she was spotted by a producer and eventually landed a role in the film Roman Holiday starring Gregory Peck, one of Hollywoods top leading men.(Para.5)Meaning: Later, a film producer noticed her, and she finally got a chance to play a role in the film Roman Holiday together with the great Hollywood actor, Gregory Peck.Note land: vt. Get sth. that you wanted, esp. a job or opportunity 得到，获得（自己想要的某物，尤指工作或机会）In his final year of college, he successfully landed a job on Wall Street with his unusual efforts.在大学最后一年，他异常的努力，终于在华尔街找到一份工作。15 Soon, Audrey was transformed from a malnourished immigrant to an internationally famous movie star. (Para. 6)Meaning: Soon, Audrey grew from an immigrant who was physically weak because of not having enough food to eat to a world-known actress.16 Director Billy Wilder complimented her, (Para. 6)compliment:vt. Say sth. nice to sb. In order to praise them 赞美；称赞The manager compliments people as often as he can. It takes no time at all, but it makes a bog difference. 那位经理尽可能多地称赞别人。这花不了什么时间，但是效果却很好。n.C a remark that shows you admire sb. or sth. 赞美的话；夸奖；称赞She stared almost every conversation with a compliment. 她几乎每次和人交谈都是从夸奖开始。17 Audrey felt that her most significant work was humanitarian work with those in need, and as the mother to her two sons.(Para.6)Meaning: Audrey thought her most important work was to serve people in need and to be the mother of her two sons.humanitarian: a. (only before noun) concerned with improving bad living conditions and preventing unfair treatment of people 博爱的；人道主义的The hospital knew they couldnt charge the patients any money, but for humanitarian reasons they provided their services. 这家医院知道他们不能收取这些病人任何费用，但是出于人道主义原因，还是提供了服务。18 She suffered through two divorces and from her memories of the war.(Para. 6)divorce: n. C,U the legal ending of a marriage 离婚For her, it was huge risk and an act of courage to get a divorce. 对她而言，离婚有巨大的风险，是需要勇气的行为。v. if sb. divorces their husband or wife, or if two people divorce, they legally end their marriage (与)离婚Why should two good people like her parents be forced to divorce each other?像她父母那样的两个好人。为什么还会被迫离婚呢？19 Yet, Audrey never let her sadness overcome her or jeopardize her hope for a brighter future.(Para.6)Meaning: Yet, Audrey never allowed her sad feelings to conquer her or to spoil her hope for a better future.Jeopardize: vt. (BrE jeopardise) risk losing or spoiling sth. important 危及；危害；损害She held her tongue, realizing that anger could only jeopardize their relationship.她意识到生气只会损害他们的关系，于是保持沉默。20 Friends said Audrey had a complete lack of ego and accepted and appreciated others as they were.(Para.7)Meaning: Friends said Audrey didnt have any sense of self-importance and she accepted and appreciated whatever others were like.Sentence structure NOTE“as they are” (as 此处用作连接词)是一个固定结构，通常用在句尾，表示“照现在的情形；照现在的样子”，如果是单数事物则需用“as it is”。例如： The wise person accepts things as they are.智者对一切事物随遇而安，处之泰然。I learned long ago to face life as it is,not as I wish it to be.我早就学会了要直视现实生活，而不是只想去过我所希望的生活。21 For Audrey it was a paradise where she could hide from the world with her beloved family, work in her garden and take long walks in nature. (Para. 8)Meaning: Home in Switzerland was a wonderful place to Audrey, where she could escape from the world to spend time together with her dear family, work in her garden and take long walks in nature.Paradise: n. C,Ua perfect place or situation 乐土；完美的境界；天堂If it is perfect for the adults, it is paradise for the kids.如果对成人而言这是完美，对孩子而言这就是天堂。22 In 1988, Audrey was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF designed to provide emergency food and healthcare to children suffering the destruction of war or other catastrophes.(Para. 9)Meaning: In 1988 Audrey was selected as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF, which was established to help children suffering from war or other disasters by providing them with food and healthcare.23 In that role, her lifelong passion for helping those in need, found its greatest calling.(Para. 9)Meaning: In that role, she found a perfect way to express her lifelong passion for helping those in need.Note calling: n. a strong desire or feeling of duty to do a particular kind of work, esp. work that helps other people(从事某种工作，尤其指帮助他人的)强烈冲动；使命感；天职Some think teaching is a profession; but for me, it is a calling.有些人认为教书是一个职业，但对我来说，这是一个使命。24 She turned down three million dollars to pen her autobiography and instead accepted one dollar a year in the more conscientious role as diplomat for UNICEF.(Para. 10)Meaning: She did not accept an offer of three million dollars to write the story of her life, but accepted the demanding role as a UNICEF ambassador for one dollar a year. Turn sb. /sth. down: refuse an offer, request, or invitation 拒绝（建议、要求或邀请）We politely turned down the invitation.我们有礼貌的拒绝了邀请。conscientious: a. careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do 勉励认真的，细心负责的She was not only a successful doctor but also a fine mother and a conscientious daughter-in-law.她不仅是一位成功的医生，还是一位杰出的母亲、尽责的儿媳。 diplomat: n. C sb. who officially represents their government in a foreign country 外交官；外交家This task takes the strategic skills of a general and the tact of a diplomat.执行这项任务需要有将军的韬略和外交官的机敏。25 For seven months out of each her last five years, she and Robby left the peace and beauty in their cozy home to embark on outreach trips into some of the most difficult places on earth.(Para. 10)Meaning : During the last five years of her life, she and Robby left their peaceful and beautiful home and spent seven years each year traveling to some of the most difficult places to provide help. cozy : a. (BrE cozy) warm and comfortable, and making you feel relaxed 温暖舒适的；温馨的The sitting rooms are neat and cozy, while the dining room is elegant and simple. 客厅整洁温馨，餐厅简单优雅。 embark: v. go onto a ship or a plane, or put or take sth. onto a ship or plane(使)上船/飞机；（使）装船/飞机The young couple will embark for Dalian next week. 这对年轻夫妇下周乘船去大连。 embark on/upon sth. : start sth.,esp. sth. new, difficult, or exciting 开始，着手（尤指新的、有难度的或令人激动的事）I have seen how she gathers courage to embark on a lo
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