初中定语从句讲解

定语从句一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 ， 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 ， 引导定语从句的引导词分为：关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等，和关系副词where, when, why等 ， 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份，不可省略。1.由who引导的定语从句中 ， who用作主语 ， 如 ： This is the boy who often helps me.2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.3.由whose引导的定语从句中 ， whose用作定语 ， 如 ： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语。如： The room in which there is a machine is a workshop（车间）.The river which is in front of my house is very clean.This is the pen which you want.注意 ：(1) whom, which用作介词宾语时 ， 介词可放在 whom、which之前 ， 也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如： He is the very person whom we must take good care of.(2) 引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that。如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much.(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，即介词后只能用which,不能用that.如：The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.注意：在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。(1) 先行词是不定代词something, nothing, anything，everything等, 如 ：All that we have to do is to practise English.(2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：The first letter that I got from him will be kept in my case .(3) 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ， 如：I have eaten up all the food that you gave me .(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,如:H e is the only person that I want to talk with.(5) 先行词既有人又有物时，如:They talk about persons and things that they met .(6) 当句中已有who时 ,为避免重复 ， 如 ： Who is the man that is giving us the class?6. 由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I dont know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.Ill never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(where he has lived for 15 year.)7、 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：（1）限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,which,of which等，这些关系代词都不可省。（2） 非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整性，一般用逗号将其与主句隔开，关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who.Eg: I have two brothers, who both are both students.8、 如何简化定于从句（1） 定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。Eg:My grandfather lives in a village which is far away from here.My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.(2) 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。Eg:The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.The man standing under the tree is our English teacher. I saw the house that was burning（燃烧）at that time. I saw the house burning at that time.(3) 定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。Eg:I like to eat the cakes which are made by my mother.I like to eat the cakes made by my mother.(4) 定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。Eg:She is always the first person that comes to school .主动She is always the first person to come to school .The report which will be given tomorrow is very importance for us.被动The report to be given tomorrow is very importance for us.(5) 定语从句简化为what从句。Eg:I couldnt remember the words that he said .I couldnt remember what he said .练习、I单选题 1. The silk _ is made in Hangzhou sells well.A. that B.who C. what D. /2. The man_today left this message for you.A.called B.has called C.whom called D.who called3. Do you live near the building _color is yellow?A. that B.which C.whose D. its4. He helped his father on the farm _they lived.A. which B.that C.when D. where5. Im one of the boys_never late for school.A.that is B.who is C.who are D.who am6. All_should be done has been done.A.what B.which C.that D.whatever7. Jack told me everything _he knew about it.A. what B.that C.which D.who8. My father works in the factory _this type of truck is made.A.in where B.in which C.from which D.of which9. The school_we visited last week was built in 1956.A./ B.where C.that D.both A and C10. This is one of the best films_I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.of which D.of that11. In fact the Swede(瑞典人） did not understand the three questions_were asked in French.A.where B.who C.in which D.which12. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which13. His parents wouldnt let him play with anyone _family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose14. All_is needed is a wonderful meal.A.the thing B.that C.what D.which15. In the dark street ,there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom16. She heard a terrible noise,_brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that17. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？ -Yes， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 18. Is this the river _I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 19. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 20. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 21. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 22. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D. who 23. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who s B. whose C. that D. of which. 24. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 25. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 26. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live inII 用适当的关系词填空：1) Ill never forget the day on _ they met for the very first time last summer.2) This is the place _ he so often mentioned(提及、谈论） to me.3) The only thing _ interested him was that he could do anything _ he wanted to.4) “What a scientist! What a wonderful invention!” he talked excitedly about Bill Gates and his Microsoft Comp -any _ is now a focus (焦点) of newspapers and television.5) He is old, _ fact is important in this case.6) Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen.7) We talked about the things and persons _ we saw then.8) With _ were you talking?9) This is the very present _ my mother gave me.10) Which is the bike _ is made in Shanghai?11) I think this is the most beautiful dress _ I own.12) Those _ want to buy the house may sign their names(签名）first.13) My sister, _ you met in Guangzhou, has bought a new car.14) Thats the way _ they work.