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Unit 1Great scientistsPeriod 1文本研读课学习目标1.To talk about science and contributions of scientists.2.To have a better understanding of the reading passage and learn to use some key words and expressions.3.To learn to organize a scientific research and appreciate great peoples characteristics and qualities.自主预习1.Match the scientist in the left column with his/her contributions in the right column.Alexander Bellelectricity Thomas Edisonthe first telephoneWright brothersthe electric lampMadame Curieblack holes in the universeFranklintheory of gravitySteven Hawkingthe first planeElbert EinsteinradiumIsaac Newtonthe theory of relativity2.Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new scientific idea.What order would you put them in?Draw a conclusionThink of a methodCollect resultsMake a questionFind a problemAnalyse the resultsFind supporting evidence3.Do you know the features of infectious diseases?学习过程Step 1:Skimming1.Who was the great scientist in the passage and what was the deadly disease of its day?2.What happened in 1854?3.What can prove that cholera was severe?Step 2:Careful reading1.Read Paragraph 1 and then fill in the blanks.John Snow was an doctor in London who Queen Victoria as her personal .He thought about helping ordinary people to cholera.Though the cause and the of it were unknown,he wanted to face the and solve the problem.2.Read Paragraphs 2 & 3 and then answer the questions.(1)What were the two theories about the cause of cholera?(2)Which theory did John Snow want to prove?(3)What was his method of doing the research?3.Read Paragraph 4 and answer the questions.(1)Fill in the blank with a proper word.First he marked on a map the exact places /( ) all the dead people had lived.(2)Replace the sentence with one that has the same meaning from the text.It seemed that the water should be blamed.(3)Read Paragraph 5 and answer the following questions.Why did John Snow tell people to remove the handle from the pump?What happened after the handle was removed?(4)Read Paragraph 6 & 7 and answer the following questions.Where did the woman live and what had she delivered to her house every day?What did their deaths suggest?What measures did John Snow take to prevent the disease from spreading?Step 3:Summary1.Read the whole passage again and finish the exercise.A Scientific Report by John SnowThe problemThe causeIdea 1:Idea 2:The methodThe resultsIdea 1 or 2?Why?The conclusion2.Fill in the blanks.John Snow was a well-known in London in the 19th century.He wanted to find the of cholera in order to help people to cholera.In 1854 when a cholera out,he began to gather information.He on a map where all the dead people had lived and found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the of all the water supplies be and new methods of with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera” was defeated.课后作业1.Read the text again.2.Try to retell the text with only a few sentences.Period 2知识讲练课学习目标1.Grasp 6 words and 2 phrases in this period;learn to express yourselves by using them.2.Learn the method of constructing knowledge trees through self-study and cooperative exploration.3.Enjoy the fun of expressing yourself using English and participate in class with a strong passion.学习过程一、词汇精粹1.conclusion n.结论;结束【教材原句】 Draw a conclusion.得出结论。【观察思考】(1)It is important to draw a conclusion from the facts.从事实中得出结论很重要。(2)In conclusion,Id like to say how much Ive enjoyed staying here.最后我想说我在这里过得有多愉快。【归纳总结】make/draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion in conclusion 2.defeat vt.击败;打败;使(目的、希望等)落空【教材原句】 John Snow defeats “King Cholera” 约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”【观察思考】(1)Our team defeated our opponent by 50.我们队以50的比分战胜了对手。(2)By not working hard enough you defeat your own purpose.因你不太努力,所以达不到自己的目的。【辨析】 defeat/beat/win (1),都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如:beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/团队(2)也可表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如:win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/friendship/reward .赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/友谊/奖赏3.attend vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加【教材原句】 John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛,因而成为维多利亚女王的私人大夫。【观察思考】(1)Well attend to the problem later.稍后我们将关注那个问题。(2)A nurse attends to his needs.有个护士照顾他。【归纳总结】attend to专心于;照顾【常用短语】attend school attend a lecture/meeting attend a wedding/ceremony 【练习】 翻译句子(1)他们在我们不在时管理事务。(2)他在这个领域很出名,今晚会有成千上万的粉丝将参加他的讲座。4.expose vt.使暴露,显露;曝光;揭露 【教材原句】 But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但是当他一想到要帮助那些受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓,他就感到很振奋。【观察思考】(1)A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music.称职的艺术家总能使他的学生接触美好的艺术和音乐。(2)As a journalist in the war,she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.(3)Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.身体受日暴晒会造成损伤。【归纳总结】(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露,暴晒(后接to+n.);(摄影的)曝光n.be exposed to 【练习】用expose的适当形式填空(1)The soil was washed away by the flood, bare rock.(2)The baby was left the wind and rain.(3)The of the plot against the President probably saved his life.5.absorb 吸收;使(精神)贯注;占用(时间)【教材原句】 The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病引入体内的。【观察思考】(1)The equipment can absorb moisture from the air.这一设备能从空气中吸收水分。(2)He is absorbed in study.他专心读书。(3)This job absorbs all of my time.这件工作占用了我的全部时间。【归纳总结】be absorbed in 6.blame vt.责备;谴责;归咎于n.责怪;(过失、过错等)责任【教材原句】 It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。【观察思考】(1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident yesterday.那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。(2)One of the computers is broken and shes blaming it on me.有台计算机出故障了,她把责任推到我身上。(3)The student blamed the teacher for his failure.学生因失败而怪老师。【归纳总结】blame sb. for(doing) sth. blame sth. on sb. sb. be to blame for(doing) sth. 【注意】 be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)。二、短语集锦1.put forward提出(建议等);推荐;荐举;拨快(时钟指针)【教材原句】 Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论?【观察思考】(1)He put forward a new plan yesterday.他昨天提出一个新计划。(2)May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席?【联想拓展】put on put up put an end to put off put ones heart into put down put out put back 2.apart from 除之外;另外【教材原句】 Apart from the construction mentioned above,you have also learned the following phrases.除了上面提到的结构,你们还学过以下的一些短语。【观察思考】(1)Apart from a few faults,he is a perfect teacher.除了几个缺点之外,他是一个很好的老师。(2)Apart from the cost,the dress doesnt suit me.姑且不论价格,这件礼服也不适合我穿。【联想拓展】 in addition to besides except (for) except that 【练习】选择以上短语填空(1)As senior students,we study other subjects English.(2)Your article is well written some spelling mistakes.三、重点句型So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发,数以千计的人在恐惧中死去。【典例背诵】 (1)Every time I meet him,I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。(2)Immediately he saw the message,he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一见到纸条,他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。【归纳总结】可作连词使用,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”;immediately,the moment,directly,instantly等都可以作引导时间状语从句,意为“一就” 。四、成果展示1.(既不) its cause (也不) its cure was understood.2.She is some proposals for electoral reform.她正为选举制度改革提出一些建议。3.用beat,defeat与win填空。(1)The motion was by 19 votes.(2)He the first prize in the writing contest.(3)Who is the drum?4.He is a good man (介词) his bad temper.5.你能不能立刻处理这件事?翻译:6.In summer,exposed to the sun can be very harmful to your skin.(单句改错)7.We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that for their sons bad performance at school.A.are to blameB.is to be blamedC.are to be blamedD.is to blame课后作业1.Master what we have learned today.2.Make sentences by using each word or phrase.Period 3语言运用课学习目标1.To comprehend the passage and improve your reading comprehension and writing abilities.2.To learn to express your ideas freely through self-directed study and cooperation.3.To learn to describe some person in English.学习过程Step 1:Pre-reading activity(读前):浏览文章内容的长度,把握阅读速度;结合插图,猜测文章话题。Step 2:Reading Task 1:SkimmingSkim the text and draw the two theories of the universe.Before Copernicus theoryShowing Copernicus theoryTask 2:Careful reading1.Why could he not tell about his theory?2.How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars?3.What was his theory about?Task 3:Focus on language1.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。画线部分的特点:【练习】 翻译句子(1)只有用这种方法,你才能轻松地解决这个问题。(2)就在你失去它的时候,你才会懂得时间的宝贵。2.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转。画线部分的特点:【练习】 翻译句子(1)老师微笑地走进教室,身后还跟着一群小朋友。(2)随着考试的结束,我们的假期开始了。Step 3:Writing 学习建议:请根据写作指导完成写作任务。The topic is “Stephen Hawking”.The writing must be written about 120 words.斯蒂芬霍金(Stephen Hawking),英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授,被称为在世的最伟大的科学家,还被称为“宇宙之王”。请你根据下表所提供的信息,写一篇介绍霍金的英语短文。1.1942年1月出生于英国牛津,被誉为当代最伟大的科学家之一,他在小时候就对科学表现出极大的兴趣,尤其擅长数学2.1959年开始在牛津大学(University of Oxford)学习物理,1962年,前往剑桥大学(University of Cambridge)学习天文学,在那里,他开始对黑洞产生兴趣3.1979 年,他被任命为剑桥大学首席数学教授,牛顿(Newton)在300年前曾担任这个职务4.1988年,霍金写了时间简史一书,它成为了一本畅销书5.由于疾病,从21岁起他只能坐在轮椅上。但是他是一个意志坚强的人,从没放弃自己的希望,勇敢地与疾病作斗争,并取得了举世瞩目的成就,赢得了全世界的尊敬1.词句储备(1)写作中可能使用的词语有:杰出的现代畅销书天文学黑洞轮椅首席数学教授任命取得巨大的成功时间简史(2)写作中可能要使用的句子有:史蒂芬霍金1942年1月出生于英国牛津,被誉为当代最伟大的科学家之一。 1959年他开始在牛津大学学习物理,1962年,前往剑桥大学学习天文学,在那里,他开始对黑洞感兴趣。1979年,他被任命为剑桥大学首席数学教授,牛顿在300年前曾担任这个职务。1988年,霍金写了时间简史一书,这本书成为了一本畅销书。尽管由于疾病,从21岁起他只能坐在轮椅上,但他从没放弃自己的希望。2.Please finish the composition according to the above outline.3.After finishing your writing,swap your composition with your partners and correct mistakes.4.Hand in your composition.写作要求:短文连贯,字数120左右,限时15分钟完成。课后作业1.Polish your composition and hand it in.2.Read the following passage and know more about the Spring Festival.Period 4语法专题课学习目标1.To learn to use the Past Participle as the attribute and the predicative.2.To learn to use the Past Participle in the real situation through self-study and practice.3.To be absorbed in English study and enjoy the beauty of English.学习过程Step 1:过去分词作定语【观察思考】仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。1.The recovered animals will be released soon.2.We needed many more qualified workers.3.Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.4.He is a teacher loved by his students.5.The girl dressed in white is my daughter.【归纳总结】1.过去分词作定语时,表示的动作在之前发生,已经完成并具有意义(见句1)。此时,作定语的过去分词一般是由动词变来的,因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。2.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词(见句1、句2)。作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,表示被动或完成,其作用相当于一个(见句3、句4、句5)。【辨析】 过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系,表示动作正在进行;而过去分词作定语时,则表示被动或完成意义。如:Mr.Smith,tired of the boring speech,started to read a novel.The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses paid vacation to China.Step 2:过去分词作表语【观察思考】仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。1.The street is lined with small shops.2.Tom was astonished to see his father.【归纳总结】 过去分词作表语时,与谓语动词构成结构,表示主语的性质、特征和。 课后作业1.Master what we have learned today.2.Correct the mistakes in the paper.Unit 2The United KingdomPeriod 1文本研读课学习目标1.To learn more about the UK.2.To have a better understanding of the passage and learn to use some key words and expressions.3.To develop the sense of cooperative learning.学习过程Step 1:SkimmingTask 1.Match main ideas with paragraphs.Para 1how the UK came into beingPara 2states the topic to be examined in the readingPara 3explains the importance of London as the cultural and political centre in the UKPara 4explains differences in the four countriesPara 5-6explains how England is divided into three zonesTask 2.What is the text mainly about?A.How many countries make up the United Kingdom?B.Explain how England is divided into three zones.C.The reason why London became the cultural capital of England.D.A brief introduction to the UK about its foundation and development based on geography,history and culture,etc.Step 2:ScanningRead the text carefully and divide the passage into three parts and summarize the main idea of each part.Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Step 3:Intensive readingTask 1T:Read the text carefully and silently and answer the following questions.(1)The Union Jack flag unites the flags of three countries in the United Kingdom.Which country is left out?Why?(2)What three countries does British Airways represent?(3)In what ways are the four countries different?(4)Which group of invaders did not influence London?Task 2Read the passage carefully and fill in the following chart.UKcontains ,Scotland and In the 13th century was linked to .In the 17th century and Wales were joined to .Some time later Ireland broke away and Ireland joined with ,Wales and .Thus came into being.Englandthe of the four countries,consists of the , and of EnglandLondonthe greatest treasure of all,has ,art ,theatres,parks and The four groupsof invadersthe Romans, and NormansTask 3Translate the following sentences into Chinese and point out the main structure.1.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.2.It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.Step 4:Post readingThe full name of the UK is the of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.It consists of four parts;they are , and .People always think is a part of England.The flag of the UK is called the .The four countries have different and as well as different . is the largest of the four countries and it is three parts.Most of the people settle in the ,but most of the large industrial cities are in the and the of England.The capital of the UK is ;it has many great places of interest.Step 5:DiscussionSupposing your friend will come to England,introduce London to him.Discuss in pairs,and then share your opinions with us.课后作业1.Try to retell the passage in your own words.2.Write a short passage about London.Period 2知识讲练课学习目标1.Try to remember the key words and phrases.2.Be able to put the key points into practice.学习过程一、词汇精粹1.consist vi.组成;在于;一致consistent adj.一致的【教材原句】 How many countries does the UK consist of?英国是由几个(部分)国家组成的?【观察思考】(1)Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.生活中不仅有阳光,还有艰难困苦。(2)Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.幸福不在于你拥有多少财富。(3)The information consists with his account.消息与他的叙述相符。(4)The report was not consistent with the fact.那个报道与事实不符。【归纳总结】consist vi.组成,在于,一致 组成,构成 在于 一致;符合 和一致;相符2.convenience n.方便;便利convenient adj.方便的【教材原句】 England is the largest of the four countries,and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.在这四个国家中,英格兰是最大的。为方便起见,它大致可以划分为三个地区。【观察思考】(1)Please send me an answer at your convenience.请在你方便时回复我。(2)We bought this house for convenience;its near the school.为了方便起见我们买了这座房子,它靠近学校。(3)If it is convenient for you,please come at four oclock.如果你方便的话,请在四点钟来。(4)Would it be convenient for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport?你四点钟来接我并把我送到机场方便吗?【归纳总结】 在某人方便的时候 为了方便 对是方便的 某人做某事很方便3.attract vt.吸引;引起注意【教材原句】 It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.很遗憾,这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。【观察思考】(1)He shouted to attract his mothers attention.他大声呼喊来引起他妈妈的注意。(2)He cant resist the attraction of the sea on hot days.酷热的夏天他经不住海的诱惑。(3)What do you think attracts people to big cities?你认为把人吸引到大城市的原因是什么?【归纳总结】 吸引某人的注意 抵制住诱惑 把某人/物吸引到sth.attract sb.某物吸引某人4.divide vt.&vi 分配;分成【教材原句】 England can be divided into three main areas.英国被分成三个主要地区。【观察思考】(1)A year is divided into four seasons.一年分为四个季节。(2)The money will be divided among the winners.资金将由优胜者均分。(3)He divides his energies between study and business.他把一部分精力用来学习,一部分用来搞业务。(4)30 divided by 6 is 5.30 除以6等于5。【归纳总结】 把分成 和分担/分配/分享 用除以【辨析】 divide/separate(1)divide侧重于把一个整体分成若干部分,其后常接介词into,among,between等。(2)separate指把原来连在一起或靠近的“分隔”开来。常与介词from搭配构成separate.from.用divide或separate 的相关短语填空。(1)The apple was two halves.(2)It is impossible to belief emotion.5.arrange vt.筹备;安排;整理;排列【教材原句】 They had no time to arrange their own wedding,so they had it organized by a company.他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼,于是请了一家公司来组织。【观察思考】(1)I arranged the books on the shelves just now.刚才我把书架上的书籍整理好了。(2)Can you arrange for a car to take us there?你能安排一辆汽车送我们到那里去吗?(3)Dave arranged for someone to drive him home.戴夫派人把他送回家了。【归纳总结】 安排某人做某事 准备做某事6.available adj.可得到的;可利用的【教材原句】 Worried about the time available,Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.由于担心可利用的时间,张萍玉列举了她想在伦敦参观的景点。【观察思考】(1)This book is not available here.这里没有这本书。(2)There is only a little money available for the trip.这趟旅途只有一点点钱可以花了。(3)Are you available for a meeting tomorrow morning?明天上午开会你能出席吗?(4)The ticket is available on the date of issue only.这张票仅在发行当天有效。【归纳总结】available:(1) (2) (3) (4)【注意】available常作后置定语或表语。7.delight n.快乐;喜悦;高兴 vt.使高兴 delighted adj.高兴的;快乐的【教材原句】 Her first delight was going to the Tower.她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。【观察思考】(1)Chris delights in teasing his sister.克里斯喜欢戏弄他妹妹。(2) Much to our delight,everything goes well.令我们非常高兴的是,一切进展得很好。(3)Thanks for the invitation.Id be delighted to come.谢谢你的邀请,我很乐意前往。(4)What a delightful scene! Everybody was singing and dancing!多么快乐的景象!所有人都在唱啊,跳啊!(5)The naughty boy takes great delight in pulling the cats tail.那顽皮的男孩以拽猫的尾巴为乐。【归纳总结】喜欢,嗜好为而高兴使某人高兴的是以为乐【注意】delighted 表示,delightful 表示be delighted at 为而高兴delightful adj. 令人快乐的二、短语集锦1.break away(from)挣脱(束缚);脱离【教材原句】 However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而,爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国,它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。【观察思考】(1)The thief tried to break away from the policeman.小偷试图挣脱警察逃走。(2) It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。(3)The students were encouraged to break away from the bad habits.学生们被鼓励改掉坏习惯。【联想拓展】 抛锚;出故障;身体垮了 强行闯入 (战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发 中断 结束;放假;解散;粉碎2.to ones credit 在名下;为带来荣誉;值得赞扬【教材原句】 To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas.值得赞扬的是,这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作【观察思考】(1)Jack,to his credit,won first prize in the competition.值得表扬的是,杰克在比赛中获得了第一名。(2)Mrs. Gao bought two new apartments to his sons credit.高夫人以她儿子的名义买了两栋新房子。3.leave out 省去;不考虑;遗漏【教材原句】 The Union Jack flag unites the flags of three countries in the United Kingdom.Which country is left out?米字旗联合了三个国家的国旗,哪个国家的国旗没有被考虑进去?【观察思考】(1)When you a
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