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初中英语简单句的基本句型由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句。要想写好简单句，我们必须记住以下五种基本句型，它们是语言的基本模式。【句型一】 主语/S + 谓语/Vi(不及物动词) + (状语副词、名词、介词短语等)His father cooks. The children are listening quietly. He runs fast in the street. The meeting begins at nine. 【句型二】 主语/S + 谓语/Vt(及物动词) + 宾语/O+ (状语)He didnt like the film. She often helps him. I have already finished reading the book. He thought about the problem for a few moments. 【句型三】主语/S + 系动词/Link V+ 表语/P He is a teacher. She is from Beijing. They are at home. The days get shorter and shorter. In spring, the trees turn green. 【句型四】主语/S + 及物动词/Vt + 间接宾语/InO + 直接宾语/DOPlease give me a few apples. Ill show you my photos. Notice: 此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。His uncle bought him a birthday present yesterday. = His uncle bought a birthday present for him yesterday. 昨天，他叔叔给他买了一件生日礼物。由介词 to 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：give, pass, tell, show, lend, take,teach 等;由介词 for 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：buy, cook, get, make, choose, sing 等。【句型五】 主语/S + 及物动词/Vt + 宾语/O + 宾语补足语/OCWe call him Tom for short. At first I found Chinese quite hard. Tell him not to be late tomorrow. He made all of us laugh. Notice:1. 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：call, make, think, name 等。 2. 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：keep, make, find, think 等。 3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为以下三种情况：(1) 接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：want, ask, wish, tell, teach等。 (2) 接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：let, make, see, hear, watch等。(3) 接带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是 help。 4. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：hear, see, watch, keep, find 等。 5. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：find, take, keep 等。另外： There be + 主语 + 状语(介词短语)There is some meat on the plate. 盘里有些肉。Long, long ago, there lived a king. 很久以前有一个国王。There stands a school on the hill. 山上有一所学校。 Notice: 本句型又叫 There be 句型，常用来表示“在某地(某时) 有某物(某人)”，但应注意与have 的区别：have / has 作“有”讲时，表示所属关系，即“所有，占有”，而 there be 结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所有关系。There is a new pen in Jims pencil-box. 在吉姆的铅笔盒里有一支新钢笔。(钢笔在铅笔盒里)Jim has a new pen. 吉姆有支新钢笔。(钢笔为吉姆所有)Exercises 一、单项选择( ) 1. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait( ) 2. It _ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( ) 3. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( ) 4. What did your father say just now? Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone.A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked ( ) 5. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was following B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow( ) 6. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon.A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be ( ) 7. There _ to be something wrong with him.A. is B. was C. seems D. are ( ) 8. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt it D. arent there 二、将下列句子改为同义句。1. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 2. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.3. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ us. 4. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 5. She made me a cup of coffee. She _ a cup of coffee _ me.三、 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。1. They call their daughter Mary. _ 2. Dont leave me behind. _3. I wish you to be happy. _ 4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. _5. Good food keeps you healthy. _ 2
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