学生活动-初二英语阅读竞赛.doc

初中英语完形填空题及其解决方法-初二英语阅读竞赛“完形填空（CLOZE TEST）”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点： 1在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占1015，长度一般在130200个单词左右。 2降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。 3针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。 “完形填空”有多种形式，但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；也可以给出单词首字母完形填空，或者给出字母及单词长度（由几个字母组成）；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。 “抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。 “完形填空”要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。 完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。 “完形填空”旨在测试考生的综合应用语言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。 传统的完形填空(cloze test)通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文，留出若干个空，然后采用四选一的方法，将短文补充完整。它属于客观题型。如今的完形填空题除保留传统题型的优点外，还采用了选词填空(有多余选项)或根据上下文补全对话(或短文)等主观题型。但事实证明，完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。限于篇幅，本文着重谈谈客观题型的解法。一、 目标要求 完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。 二、 解题步骤 在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步： 1. 通览全文，了解大意 答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，链条从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于只见树木不见森林而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。 2. 综合考虑，先易后难 通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。 3. 复读检验，消除疏漏 完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。 ( A )在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。 Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not_3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their _4_. Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_English. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to _9_ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very_10_in our life (生活). ( )1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other ( )2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese ( )3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice ( )4. A. books B. classesC. schools D. subjects (科目) ( )5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased ( )6. A. for B. of C.to D. from ( )7. A. in B. with C. at D. of ( )8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read ( )9. A. go B. work C. like D. come ( )10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful ( B )Mr. Johnson had a factory. He once _1_ on TV that animals could be taught to _2_ some work for people if they were given _3_to eat. He loved the idea. He thought it would be_4_to have a dog look after his _5_and an elephant do some heavy jobs _6_his factory. He bought a dog _7_an elephant in the market and decided to teach them to do some work for him. Of course. he _8_bought a lot of food for them. Several months later，the dog and the elephant _9_fatter and fatter，but they _10_ do any work for him. At last，Mr. Johnson had to give up. ( )1. A. saw B. asked C. met D told( )2. A. make B.do C. 1et D help( )3. A. someone B.nothing C. something D anything( )4. A. bad B. good C. 1ate D happy( )5. A. house B. shirt C. eyes D health( )6. A. in B. above C. under D on( )7. A. but B. or C. and D either( )8. A. also B. never C. yet D either( )9. A. smelt B. sounded C. became D tasted( )10. A. mustnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D neednt（C）The moon, our _1_, travels _2_ the Earth. It has _3_ been visited by man in spaceships. Man-made satellites have been sent up _4_ space by many countries. They go round _5_ . We used them _6_ us to learn more _7_ the Earth, the weather and other things. They are also used to _8_and receive massages. It makes people _9_ different countries understand each other better. So people say the world itself is becoming a much _10_place. ( ) 1. A. satellite B. satellites C. Sun D. Earth ( ) 2. A.on B. near C. round D. before ( ) 3. A. just B. never C. before D. already ( ) 4. A. to B. into C. in D. over ( ) 5. A.the Sun B. the Earth C. The Moon D. the Sea ( ) 6. A.help B. helping C. to help D. helped ( ) 7. A.about B. for C. of D. on ( ) 8. A.send B. sending C. sends D. sent ( ) 9. A.come B. comes C. from D. form ( ) 10.A.larger B. bigger C. small D. smaller ( D )Jack lost(丢失)his Job last week. It was difficult for him to find another _1_. _2_ told him that it was possible to get a new one in a town two hundred kilometers _3_.He decided to get there _4_ .So he went to the railway station and got _5_ a train. He was the only one in the car(车厢). The train started. Suddenly a man came in _6_ a gun and said to him,“Your money _7_your life!”Jack sat there without _8_up. “I _9_ any money,”Jack answered. “Then why are you so afraid of me?”the man asked angrily. “Because I _10_ you were the conductor, and I didnt buy a ticket,”answered Jack. ( )1、A.work B.jobs C.ones D.one ( )2、A.Nobody B.Somebody C.Anybody D.No one ( )3、A.from B.farther C.away D.off ( )4、A.by bike B.on foot C.by train D.by bus ( )5、A.off B.on C.up D.to ( )6、A.with B.has C.have D.there was ( )7、A.but B.and C.so D.or ( )8、A.stands B.standing C.stood D.stand ( )9、A.dont have B.have no C.didnt have D.had ( )10、A.know B.didnt know C.think D.thought ( E )In recent years, computer games have become more and more popular in many cities and towns. A lot of small shops and restaurants along busy_1_ have changed into _2_ game houses in order to get more money. These places are always crowded with_3_ especially young boys.In the computer game houses, people_4_ a lot of money competing with the computerized machines. Its _5_ for one to win against a computer, but one can make_6_ after trying again and again. People have a kind of gambling psychology when they play computer games. The more they_7_ the more they want to win, and at last they even cant live without it. For school boys, they have no_8_ for their lessons. When class is over, they rush to the nearby computer game houses. Some of them can get enough money from their parents. But some of them are not_9_ enough to get the money. They begin to steal_10_ students money and become thieves.( ) 1. A. riversB. cities C. marketsD. streets ( ) 2. A. small B. bigC. computerD. sports( ) 3. A. peopleB. boysC. womenD. girls( ) 4. A. takeB. winC. womenD. spend( ) 5. A. easyB. hardC. important D. wonderful( ) 6. A. mistakesB. moneyC. progress D. rich( ) 7. A. missB. loseC. playD. make( ) 8. A. differentB. secretC. mindD. duty( ) 9. A. badB. angryC. difficultD. lucky( )10. A. otherB. othersC. anotherD. the others答题卡班级 _ 姓名 _ 得分 _每小题2分，共100分( A )题号12345678910答案( B )题号12345678910答案( C )题号12345678910答案( D )题号12345678910答案( E )题号12345678910答案答题卡班级 _ 姓名 _ 得分 _( A )题号12345678910答案 B A B D B A A D B D( B )题号12345678910答案 A B C B A A C A C B( C )题号12345678910答案 A C D A B C A A C D( D )题号12345678910答案 D B C C B A D B A A( E )题号12345678910答案 D C A D B C B C D A (A) 答题分三步： 第一步： 通览全文 通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。 第二步： 逐项填空 本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。 1. 选B。some.other(s).意思是一些另一些(泛指)； some.the other(s).意思是一些另一些(特指)。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。 2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。 3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。 4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。 5. 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。 6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。 7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。 8. 选D。读报英语习惯说readnewspapers。 9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。 10. 选D。末句点题，英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)。 第三步： 复读检验 将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。 最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！Have a greater success in the future！(B)运用“跳读”或“边读边猜”等技巧把握中心大意。 短文的中心直接影响故事情节的发展，决定着各小题选项该如何确定。通过一到两遍的阅读，有些小题答案会在我们的脑海里浮现，比如2空填do，3空填something或food，5空填home或house或his factory，7空填and等等。 注 此时不要急于确定答案! (Keys：1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B) ( C )A satellite是卫星，且用单数 (这里our.应该是the moon的同位语，描述的就是the moon) C 绕地球转 D 已经被人类拜访过了 A 人造卫星是发射到太空的 B 人造卫星绕地球转 C 用来帮助我们，达到某个目的（动词）用to A 发现更多关于地球的奥秘 A 被用来做某事，+的应该是动词原形，而be used to doing是习惯于做某事，不符句意，其实这题是送分的，后面的是receive原形就看出了 C 来自不同国家的人 D 根据意思，这使得世界好象变小了，变小了用比较级，much后面就是跟比较级的 ( D)答案: 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A ( E ) IV.15 DCADB 610 CBCDA