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名词1、 名词分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education等。专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television等。名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词个体名词: 表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A. 单数 表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。B. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周）等。 集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式的构成词形复数形式的构成方法 例 词 大多数名词 在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音及元音后读z。） catcatsbook-booksdog-dogsbagbagsboy- boys 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词 在词尾加 -es, 读作iz。 glassglassesmatchmatches 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词 把 y 变成 i , 加 -es, 读作iz citycities 但专有名词例外，直接在 y后加-s, 读作z CanadianCanadians AmericanAmericans以辅音字母 +o 结尾的名词 一般直接加 -es,读作z; tomatotomatoespotato potatoes某些词例外,加 -skilo-kilos, pianopianos, photophotos以元音字母+o结尾的名词 直接加 -s, 但读作z zoozoosradioradios 以f或fe结尾的名词 有的直接加 -s, 读作z roofroofs 大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作z leafleaveswifewives knifeknivesyourself-yourselves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点 例 词 通过改变词内元音字母 manmen footfeettoothteeth mousemice（老鼠） 通过在词尾加-en或-ren oxoxen（牛） childchildren 单复数形式相同 a sheeptwo sheep a deertwo deer（鹿）a Chinesetwo Chinese（中国人） 注意事项:只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police特殊名词的讲解：people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。 There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例：My favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例：Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. 集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。 His family is a large family. 指整体 His family like animals. 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡例：hair 和fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。I like fruit .Its good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式. Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。Exercise:一）在后面加s。如：cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books, Americans1、Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：classclasses matchmatches box- boxes dish - dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes1. There are many_(fox) in the picture.2The _ has two _.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch 三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories1. Their_ _(dictionary) look new.以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a,e,i,o,u)如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾(没有生命的)加s（外来词）。如： photos，zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯1、We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D.potatoe 2There are lots of _ in the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss 3. Lets take_ _(photo), OK?4. I have lots of_ _(tomato) here.五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves1、Please remember to give the horse some tree_ _.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D.leave 2、Twelve _ _ were hurt, but no _ _ were lost in that accident.A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life 3. The_ _(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese, Germen1、-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 2、There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _.A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples 3Can you see nine _ in the picture?A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse 4There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans D. Japaneses, Germans 5. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks1. There are five_(people ) in his family.2、There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples 3、Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident.A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, Looker-onLookers-on1、The police investigated those _ about the accident.A. stander-by C. standers-byB. stander-bys D. standers-bys 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers1、All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctors c.woman doctors b. women doctor d.woman doctor 2Two _ would come to the village.A.woman-doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctors 3. They are_(woman) doctors.十）特殊形式的有： man-men, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen ，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth1、One _ of Mikes was hurt in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B.feet C.hand D.ear 2、The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 3. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 4The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. woman B. women C. man D. men 5The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 6. The deer has four _.A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots 7. The baby has only two_(tooth) now. (2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happiness, help个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词不可数名词普通名词 专有名词注意事项：1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little等词。如; some water/ apple juice/ milk 2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数；然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如： one bag of rice. one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples.Exercise:1、They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 2、There is some _ on the plate(盘子). A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 3、Please pass me _. A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water 4、This table is made of _. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D.glass 5、Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us.A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news 6、Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.A.little B. much C.a large number of D.a large amount of 对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如： I would like two apples. How many apples would you like? I want some bread. How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want？询问价格用How much，如: How much is the coat? How much are the coats?二. 名词的所有格所有格的构成 ：1. 有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词有生命的名词 （1）一般单数名词后加s. 如：my brothers book，Jacks cat，the girls pen （2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加。 如：the girls dormitory，a teachers college 注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加s.如：womens clothes.（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加s， 如： Tom and Peters room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有） （4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加s. 如： Toms and Peters rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）无生命名词: 无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room （房间的窗户） a picture of the horse （一张马的照片）名词习题一 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house _ 2. it _ 3. zoo _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. this_ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _ 33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ 41.tooth _ 42.mouth_二选择填空： 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 4. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day 5. _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan 6. Miss Green is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers D. mothers of Mary 7. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 8. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 9. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 10. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 11. Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 12. -Are these _? - No, they arent. Theyre _. A.sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 13. There are many _ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 14. - Whose room is this? - Its _. A. Li Ming B. Li Mings C. Li Mings D. Li Mings 15. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 16. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 17. I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 18. _ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys 19. Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _. A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 20. 10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices21. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 22. There are two _ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves 23. There are seven _ in a week. A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 24. My father is a _. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 25. - Excuse me, are you _? - Yes, Im from _. A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America26. They are _ jackets. A. Lucy s B. Lucy 27. What color is _ coat. A. Peters B. Peter 28. These are _ books. A. teacherss B. teachers 29. They are _ ice creams A. children B. childrens30. This is _ bag. A. Tom and Peter B.Toms and Peters 31. Where are _ . A. the schools students B. students of the school 32. Those are _ bags. A. driverss B. drivers33.This bag is _ . A. Marys and Toms B. Mary and Toms34. _ fathers are coming. A. Marys and Kates B. Marys and Kate C. Mary and Kates35.How _ are these books? A. many B. much 36. This pair of pants _ blue. I like _ very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, them D. are, it 37.How _ glasses of water do you want? A. many B. much 38. This is _. A. Mike and Jims bike B. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bike D. Mike and Jim bike 39. These are _.A. Amy and Linglings room B. Amys and Linglings roomC. Amys and Linglings rooms D. Amy and Linglings room40. My _ _ big and my _ _ happy. A. family is family are B. family is families are三根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of _ _ to do. (homework)2. There are seven _ _ in a week. (day)3. How many _ _ can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _ _. (glass)6. There are two_ _ over there（bench）7. I like taking _ _（photo）8. l can see two_ _ standing there（woman）9. There are two baskets of_ _ on the floor（apple）10.There are three_ _（knife）11. How many_ _(sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some_ _(food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two_ _(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of_ _(water) in the bottle.15. There are five_ _(people ) in his family.17. The_ _(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The_ _(child) are playing games on the playground now.19. Their_ _(dictionary) are very new.20. I see you have a few white_ _(hair).21. They are_ _(woman) doctors.22. Can you give me some bottles of _ _ (orange), please?23. There are many_ _(fox) in the picture.24. I would like some apple_ _(juice). I am very thirsty.六 翻译下列词组一瓶牛奶 一杯茶 一双鞋子 两条裤子 三杯桔子汁 六包盐五千克鸡蛋 一些面包 一点水
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