非谓语语法学案.doc

Irregular Verbs不规则动词一、AAA型 动词原形过去式过去分词意义putcutshutletsethithurtcostburstread/ri:d/broadcastput cutshutletsethit hurtcostburstread/red/broadcastput cutshutletsethit hurtcostburstread/red/broadcastvt.放，使处于；表达；提交；记下vt.切，割，剪；减少 v.关，闭vt.允许，让；假设；出租vt.放，安装； vi.落山vt.打，击中；碰撞； v.弄伤；伤感情；危(损)害 vt.(使)花费；使付出vt.使爆裂； vi.爆炸；挤满 v.读；理解；读数为；读到；写明vt.广播，播放二、ABA型 动词原形过去式过去分词意义runcomebecomerancamebecameruncome becomevi.跑；运转；竞选；流； vt.经营； vi.来(自)；经过；至；实现；开始；发生vi.变成，开始变得； vt.适合，同相称三、ABB型动词原形过去式过去分词意义buybringthinkfightcatchteachkeepleavesleepsweepfeel dealbuildsendlend spendsaypaylaystandunderstandmeetfeedleadshootmeanhearhavemakeselltellholdsitspitstickspinwingetholdloseleavefindfoundwelcomeboughtbroughtthoughtfoughtcaughttaughtkeptleftsleptswept feltdealtbuilt sent lentspentsaidpaidlaidstoodunderstoodmetfedledshotmeantheardhadmadesoldtoldheldsatspatstuckspunwongotheldlostleftfoundfoundedwelcomedboughtbroughtthoughtfoughtcaughttaughtkeptleftsleptswept feltdealtbuiltsent lent spentsaidpaidlaidstoodunderstoodmetfedledshotmeantheardhadmadesoldtoldholdsatspatstuckspunwongotheldlostleftfoundfoundedwelcomedvt.买，买得；向行贿，收买； vi.购买东西vt.带来；把引来；促使；使发生vt.认为；想；打算； vi.想，思考v.战斗，打架，斗争vt.抓住；发觉；感染；赶上；引起；领会vt.教，讲授；教导(训)； vi.讲课，当教师v.(使)保持，(使)继续；阻止；遵守；保有v.出发；离开；留下； v.睡(眠)v.扫，拂(去)；掠过； vi.觉得；给人以感觉；vt.摸；认为； vt.分给，发；给予； vt.建造；创立； vi.向顶点发展； vt.送，寄；派遣，打发；发送，发射vt.把借给，贷；提供，给予vt.用(钱)；花(时间等)，度过，消磨v.说；表明； v.付款；给予(注意等)；付出代价； v.置放；铺；产(蛋，卵)；设置；主张vi.站；坐落；处于；忍受； v.理解，懂；意识到；谅解；听说；认为vt.遇见；满足； vi.相遇；开会； vt.喂(养)；向提供； vi.(on)吃； v.带路；领导；致使；通向； v.射击；疾驰；射门，投篮；拍摄； vt.意思是；意欲； vi.特意； vt.听见；听到，得知；审讯，听证； vi.听说aux. v.已经； vt.有；进行；经受；吃；取得vt.做，制造；产生；成为； v.卖，出售，推销v.讲(述)，告诉；吩咐；认出；显示；生效v.拿；保持；掌握；主持； vi.坐；坐落，被安放； vt.使坐，使就座vi.吐唾沫(或痰) ；vt.吐出； n.棍，手杖； vt.刺；粘(钉，卡)住；留下v.旋转；晕眩；纺，织；甩干； vi.获胜，赢； vt.获胜；赢得； vt.获得；收到；理解； vi.变得；逐渐；到达v.拿；保持；掌握；主持； v.丢失；迷失；输，损失；浪费；(钟)走慢v.出发；离开；留下； vt.发现；感到；判决； vt.创立，创办，创建vt.欢迎； 四、A B C型动词原形过去式过去分词意义growthrowknowblowdrawflyshowbeginswimringsingdrinksinkbeateatfallbe（am, is, are）seerise givedrive take mistakeshakewriteridehidespeakbreakstealchoosefreezewakeforgetwakeweartearbeardogogrewthrewknewblewdrewflewshowedbeganswamrangsangdranksankbeatatefellwas/weresawrosegavedrovetookmistookshookwroterode hidspoke brokestolechosefrozewokeforgotwokeworetoreboredidwentgrownthrownknownblowndrawnflownshownbegunswumrungsungdrunksunkbeateneatenfallenbeenseenrisengivendriventakenmistakenshakenwrittenriddenhiddenspokenbrokenstolenchosenfrozenwakenforgottenwokenworntornborndonegonevi.生长，成长；成为；增长； vt.种植，栽种vt.扔；使突然陷入；使困惑； v.知道；认识；会；认出，分辨；懂得v.吹；吹气；吹奏；(使)爆炸； vt.画；拖；取出； vi.移动； vi.乘；飞(行)； vt.驾(飞机)；空运； v.表明；出示；演出，放映；展览(会)v.开始vi.游泳；眩晕 v.包围；打电话；响v.唱(歌)v.饮，喝(酒等)v.陷入，衰退；下沉；降低；掘； vt.打；战胜； vi.跳动； vt.吃，喝； vi.吃饭，吃东西vi.落下；垮台；下垂； vi.是; 在v.看(见)；参见；会晤；理解；想想vi.升起；起立(床)；上涨；vt.给予；提供； vi.塌下，折断，弯曲；让步vt.驾驶，开动，打入；驱使； vi.驾驶 vt.带(去)；做；花费；拿；服用；乘；拍vt.误解，弄错；误认为v.摇动，摇；(使)颤抖，震动v.写，写字；写作，作曲；写信(给)v.骑(马)，乘(车)；骑马(乘车等)旅行vt.藏起来，躲藏；隐瞒； vi.(躲)藏； vi.说话；发言； vt.说(出)；讲(某种语言)vt.打破;弄坏； vi.破碎;破晓;转晴vi.偷盗；悄悄地走； vt.偷盗； vt.选择，挑选；情愿，决定v.(使)冻结，(使)结冰； vi.醒来； vt.唤醒；使认识到，唤起； v.忘记，遗忘；(about) 不放在心上，丢开vi.醒来； vt.唤醒；使认识到，唤起； vt.穿(戴)着； vi.穿破； v.撕(裂)，被撕破vt.忍受；承担；怀有；运输； aux. v.代替动词 v.做，干，行动vi.去；变得；进行；放；通往；消失； 有些动词有两种变化形式，有的意义相同，有的意义不同。动词原形过去式过去分词意义learndreamburnsmellspelllighthanghangshineshinelielielearnt/learneddreamt/dreamed burnt/burnedsmelt/smelledspelt/spelledlighted/lithunghangedshoneshinedlay liedlearnt/learneddreamt/dreamedburnt/burnedsmelt/smelledspelt/spelledlighted/ lithunghangedshoneshinedlainliedv.学，学习；得知，了解，认识到vi.做梦；想； vt.梦想vi.燃烧； vt.点燃；烧毁； vi.散发； vt.闻到； vt.拼写；意味着vt.点亮vt.悬挂； vi.悬挂，垂下vt.吊；吊死； vi.照耀；干得出色； vt.投光于vi.照耀；干得出色； vt.投光于 vi.躺，平放；位于；伸展vi.说谎 非谓语动词非谓语动词包括_, _, _, _不定式动名词现在分词过去分词不同主语可可宾语可可表语可可可可定语可可可可补语可可可状语可可可一、非谓语基本构成形式对比1、不定式的基本形式和意义 1）动词不定式的否定形式：not+不定式The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. (NMET 1996)A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating小结：不定式的基本形式表示_（主动，被动）；_（完成，未做，进行）2) 动词不定式的被动形式： to be + 过去分词Little Sam should love _ to the theater this evening. (MET 1992)A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking小结：不定式的被动形式表示_（主动，被动）；_（完成，未做，进行）3) 动词不定式的进行形式：to be + 现在分词When his father came in, he pretended to be reading.小结：不定式的进行形式表示_（主动，被动）；_（完成，未做，进行）4) 动词不定式的完成形式： to have + 过去分词I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET 1997)A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. have gone小结：不定式的完成形式表示_（主动，被动）；_（完成，未做，进行）5) 动词不定式的完成形式的被动：to have been + 过去分词Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. (NMET2002)A.to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told小结：不定式的完成被动形式表示_（主动，被动）；_（完成，未做，进行）2. 动名词基本构成形式和意义1）v-ing的一般式Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. Her job is washing and cooking.My hobby is collecting stamps.I have been practice playing the piano since last year.Can you excuse my coming late?2) v-ing的否定式为 not +v-ingI apologize for not coming on time.小结：(1) v-ing形式具有_词的特点，在句子中做_成分。3.现在分词的基本构成形式及意义1) v-ing 形式的一般式由动词加ing构成，被动形式为 being + 过去分词The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.(MET1992)A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing小结：现在分词的基本形式表示_（主动，被动）；_（完成，未做，进行）2) V-ing 形式的完成式由having +过去分词构成， 其被动形式为having been + 过去分词The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. (NMET1994)A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added小结：现在分词的完成形式表示_（主动，被动）；_（完成，未做，进行）3)V-ing 的否定形式为not + V-ing._ a reply, he decided to write again. (NMET 1992)A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not having received D. Having not received二、过去分词的构成形式及意义 过去分词由规则动词+ ed构成，不规则的要专门记忆。 过去分词否定为在前面加not.Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with special knowledge. ( NMET 2002)A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known小结：过去分词的基本形式表示_（主动，被动）；_（完成，未做，进行）注：当强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，用现在分词的完成被动式Having been finished，the report was handed in.三、非谓语动词的作用对比1. 作主语只有动词不定式和V-ing 形式可以作主语。谓语用单数。为了平衡句子， 通常把不定式作主语改为it作形式主语。Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET 1989)A. this B. that C. it D. he_ after supper is good for your health. ( MET 1989)A. Walking B. To walk C. The walk D. A walk注：（1）一般说来动名词所表示的动作在意义上是比较抽象的、一般的，时间概念不强，不是指某一次的动作；而动词不定式所表示的动作则往往是具体的一次行为。 nClimbing mountain is an exciting exercise.nTo climb mountain tomorrow is a good idea.nFeeding pigs is her job.nTo water the flowers in the garden is my work today.nTo swim in the river is dangerous.（2）当表语为no use; no good; a waste of即在Its no use/no good/a waste of结构中，只用动名词做真正的主语。练习：Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. （2005北京） A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. HavingIts no use _ with him. He wont change his mind.A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked2作表语1）不定式作表语： 不定式常用在系动词be, seem, appear, get, remain等后面作表语。Our plan is to finish the work in three weeks.We are to help him out.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET 2002)A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seenHe let me repeat his instruction _ sure that I understood what was _ after he went away. ( NMET 2000)A. to make; to be done B. making; doing C. to make; to do D. making; to do2) V-ing 形式和过去分词做表语时总是放在连系动词之后， 构成系表结构， 表示主语所处的状态。 V-ing 形式通常表示主动或进行， 过去分词则表示被动或完成。I think the shop is closed at this time of day.The story sounds interesting.常用V-ing 或过去分词做表语的动词有：interest, move, discourage, amuse, astonish, frighten, excite, inspire, please, satisfy, tire, worry, surprise, bore, disappoint, encourage, puzzle, shock, invite等， 通常修饰人用过去分词， 修饰物用V-ing形式。 另外be covered with; be lost in thought; be caught in the rain; be separated from; be interested in等已成为习惯搭配了。-Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm, it does have a _ smell. (NMET 2002)A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasantIt is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (NMET 2003)A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest注：(1) like, love, wish, mean, want, refuse, try, advise, persuade 等动词后常省略不定式。Will you go to the theatre, Miss Brown? Sorry, _.A. I wantB. I dont want to C. Im glad toD. Id like(2)在某些固定词组，如：ought to, have to, used to, be able to, be going to等后也可省略不定式。Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did(3)系表结构中，过去分词表被动和完成；现在分词表主动和进行。be /get married; be/get dressed; be/get burned; be/get woundedWhen did you get married?My work is finished?His glasses are broken.They remained talking.It kept raining.He seems thinking about something.be well /poorly dressed, be well/poorly written; be well/poorly paid; be well/poorly kept; be well/poorly educatedHow is the book written?These words are not easily forgotten.He was badly wounded many years ago.(4) Be tired in厌倦，讨厌；be lost in消失在之中；be interested in; be disappointed in; be filled with, be mixed with, be covered with, be fitted with安装；be surrounded with/by； be connected with/by/toHe is tired of resting at home.He was lost in the darkness.The bottle is filled with ink.非谓语动词基础知识练习题动名词1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2. Its no good _ over split milk. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry 3. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 4. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 5. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 6. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 7. We should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 8. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying9. His parents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 10. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh 11. How much time did you spend _ the text? A. copying B. to copy C. in copy D. on copying 12. I _see you without _ your mother. A. never; thinking of B. never; thinking about C. not; thinks of D. dont; think about 13.Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂贵),it is worth _. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 14. The novel is well _. A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worthy to read D. worthy of being read 15. The farmers were busy _ cotton. A. to pick B. picking C. with picking D. pluck 非谓语动词对比练习1.(1) Smokingmeans_yourselfwithyourownhandsA.tokillB.killedC.killingD.kill(2)Imsorry, ButIdidntmean_youA.tohurtB.hurtC.hurtingD.havinghurt2.(1) Iregret_youthatyourmotherisabsentinBeijing. Idontregret_herwhatIthoughtevenifitmighthaveupsether. A.totellB.totellingC.havingtoldD.tell3. Wedontallow_inthereadingroom. Wedontallowthem_inthereadingroom. A. tosmokeB.smokingC.smokeD. smoked4.(1) _hardandyoullmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning. _hard,youllmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning. A.WorkingB.ToworkC.WorkD.Worked5._,wewentforaswimintheriver. _,sowewentforaswimintheriver.A. BeinghotB.ItbeinghotC. AsithotD.Itwashot6. Theflowerneeds_rightnow.A.water B.wateringC.towaterD.beingwateredThewarm-bloodedanimalsdontneed_. A.hibernateB.tohibernateC.hibernatingD.beinghibernated7.Icanthelp_whenIhearthatterriblenoise.Hesaidhecouldnthelpbut_when heheardthatterriblenoise. A.laughingB.laughedC.laughD.beinglaughedIcanthelp_theroom,forIamverybusynow. A.cleanB.cleaningC.havecleanD.cleaned8.Inthe_weekwellhaveanotherexam.Intheweek_,wellhaveanotherexam.A.comingB.tocomeC.comeD.came9._fromthetower,ourTianjincitylooksmorebeautiful._fromthetower,wecanseeourbeautifulTianjincity. A.Seeing B.Seen C.Tosee D. Havingseen10.Thesportmeet_nextweekisofgreatimportance.Thesportsmeet_nowisveryimportantThesportsmeet_lastweekisofgreatimportance. A.holdingB.beingheldC.tobeheldD.held11.Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakeus_him.Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimself_. A.heardB.hearingC.hearD.tobeheard12.(1)Hestoodtherewithhiseyes_hismother(2)Hestoodthere,_hismotherA.staringatB.staredonC.fixinguponD.fixedupon13.Mostofuswenttoseeher,_somegirls.Mostofuswenttoseeher,somegirls_.A.includeB.includingC.includedD.toinclude14.Hewassurprisedtoseesomevillagers_there.Tohissurprise,hesawsomevillagers_themselves. A.seatB.seatedC.seatingD.toseat15.Theman_Zhaosanusedtolivehere.Theman_himselfZhaosanusedtolivedhere.A.calledB.callingC.tocallD.call16.Hehadnochoicebut_atthebus-stopintherain.Hehadnothingtodobut_atthebus-stopintherain. A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.shouldwait17.ThebookisusedinEnglish_countries.Toimprovehis_English,hepracticesspeakingeveryday. A.spokenB.speakingC.tospeakD.spoke18.(1)ImnotfreethiseveningbecauseIhavealotofthings_.(2)Hewassolazythathehadallofhiswashing_. A.todoB.tobedoneC.doingD.done(3)Iwonthaveyou_toyourmotherlikethat A.tospeakB.spokenC.speakingD.speak19. (1)Heoftenseethem_footballontheplayground.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver. A.playingB.playedC.playD.toplay20. (1)Weareconsidering_upanewfactoryhereinthistown(2)Weareconsideringhow_upanewfactoryhereinthistown (3)Theboyisconsidered_agoodexampletohisclassmates A.settingB.tosetC.tohaveset D.havingset21.Idlike_youforadviceonhowtolearnEnIdrather_myteacherforhelpwithmyEnglishA. toaskB.askingC.askedD.ask22. Soonhehasgotusedto_insuchaclimate.Heusedto_insuchaclimatewhenhewasinthearmy. A. livingB.livedC.havinglivedD.live23.(1)MrLiissaid_abroad. ButIdontknowwhichcountryhestudiedin(2)MrLiissaid_abroad.ButIdontknowwhichcountryheisstudyinginA.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingD.havingstudied24.Hedidwhathecould_downtheweepingwoman. Hesaidhecould_downtheweepingwoman. A.tocalmB.calmC.calmingD.calmed25.(1)Iinsistthatyou_memymoneyback(2)Iinsistedonyour_memymoneybackA.giveB.togiveC.givingD.wouldgive(3)TheoldmaninsistedthatI_hiswallet A.hastakenB.tookC.shouldtakeD.hadtaken26.(1)Idontenjoy_funofothers.(2)Idontenjoy_funofbyothers.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade27.(1)Iftime_,Illgotoseemyfriendstomorrow.(2)Time_,Illgotoseemyfriendstomorrow.A.permittedB.permitsC.permittingD.permit28.(1)Hehadnochoicebut_aloudthetextintheclassroom.(2)Hedidnothingbut_aloudthetextintheclassroom. A.readingB.toreadC.readD.tobereading29.(1)Wouldyoumindmy_hertotheparty?(2)Wouldyoumindnot_totheparty?A.invitingB.tobeinvitedC.beinginvitedD.invited30.(1)Thisisanimportantletter.Dontforget_itthisafternoon.(2)Dontlookfortheletter.Youmusthaveforgotten_itthisafternoon.A.topostB.postedC.postingD.post3. 作宾语只有动词不定式和V-ing形式才可以作宾语， 并且都有其相应的被动形式和完成形式。1）不定式作宾语 * 能直接接不定式作宾语的动词有: offer, learn, plan, ask, promise, agree, help, prepare, hope, decide, choose, refuse, manage, wish, want, expect, demand, determine, pretend等。We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (NMET 1995)A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met*动词+ 疑问词+不定式。 这类动词有：decide, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, think, understand, wonder等。Ive wo