状语从句讲解

状语从句在复合句子中修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子的从句被称为状语从句。它可以用来表示时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，方式，比较，让步等。主要考查不同种类的状语从句的连接词以及主句和状语从句的时态。分类引导词例句时间状语从句由when , as, while, whenever, after, before, until, since, as soon as, by the time等引导I will call you_他回来了我给你打电话。地点状语从句常由where, wherever等Where there is water,there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。条件状语从句常用连词是if, unless_,I will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我将待在家里。原因状语从句最常用的连词是because, since, as , for 等由于天冷，我要待在家里。_目的状语从句常用连词是so that, in order thatShe got up early_她起床早是未来能赶上早班车。结果状语从句常由so.that , such.that, so that 等引导He was_he could say nothing.他那么兴奋，以至于什么也说不出来。让步状语从句可由although，though，even if，even though等引导。_,he knows a lot.虽然他是一个孩子，但是他知道很多。方式状语从句常由as，as if，as though等引导你必须按我教你的方法做这练习。You must do the exercise_比较状语从句常用than，so( as) as等引导。我犯的错误比你犯的多。_.时间：当主句是一般将来时时，as soon as 引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时间表示将来的时间。例如：As soon as the rain stops, we will leave. 雨一停，我们就离开。一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不在用否定式的谓语。并且用before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时翻译成“就，才。”还要注意从句和主句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时。如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时。这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。由till或until引导的时间状语从句，一般情况下2者可以互换，但在强调句中多用until，并且要注意，如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬间动作是，必须用否定形式，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表带的意思不同。由since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is + 时间 + since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。By the time引导的时间状语从句，在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。连词before, after, since, until(till). 当他们表示时间时，他们既是介词又是连词。He usually drinks a cup of tea before he goes to school. 连词 He usually drinks a cup of tea before going to school. 介词 He usually drinks a cup of coffee after he comes back from school. 连词 He usually drinks a cup of coffee after coming back from school. 介词 I have lived in Dalian since my son was born in 1999. 连词 通常情况下，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I have lived in Dalian since 1999. 介词 I will wait here until(till) you finish your job. 连词 I will wait here until(till) 8pm. 介词 主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时When the lights are red, the traffic must stop.主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时。Please dont go to bed before you finish your homework.When,while 和as和区别。用法例句When 表示从句的动作和主句动作同时发生或先与主句动作，可指一段时间或某一时间点主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态。When / While / As I was waiting for a bus, I met Tom.It was raining when he left home.While 表示从句的动作和主句动作同时发生，指一段时间。Be quite while I am doing my homework.I was watching TV while he was sleeping.As 表示从句的动作和主句动作同时发生，指一段时间。意思是“一边一边.”as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生。AS也可以强调“一先一后”。She sang as she did the cooking.As we was going out,it began to rain.当我们出门时，开始下雨了。As强调句中的2个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雨的特定时间。when, while, as. 它们都表示当时候的意思。如果主句和从句的动作同时发生且都是进行时 态，只用while, as. 其他情况下when, while, as通用。1 When he came in, I was listening to the radio 2 As I was wandering in the street, I met her. 3 While (as) I was watching TV, my mum was cooking in the kitchen. 地点：地点状语从句常用引导词where,特殊引导词 wherever,anywhere,everwhere句型1. Where +地点从句，（there） + 主句。注意：此句型通常翻译成“哪里。哪里就。”，主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there.句型2.Anywhere / wherever, + 地点从句， + 主句。条件：unless引导的从句谓语只能用肯定形式，相当于ifnot。在条件状语从句中，若主句是将来时，从句多用一般现在时。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去动物园。原因：原音状语从句是表示原因或理由的，最常用的连词是because, since , as , for 等。because 引导的原音状语从句一般放在主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强，最适合回答why引导的疑问句。since 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之前，表示已知的，显然的理由，通常被翻译成“既然”，较正式，语气比because弱。Since you are free today, youd better help me with my English.既然今天你有空，你最好帮我补习英语。as 引导原因状语从句表示附带说明双方已知的原因，语气比since弱，较正式，为止也比较灵活（常放主句之前）。As it is raining, youd better take a taxi. 既然现在下雨，你最好乘坐出租车。for 引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放在主句之后并且必须用都好将其与主句隔开。I am full, for I ate 3 hamburgers just now. 我很饱，因为我刚才吃了3个汉堡包。Because 不能与并列连词so; though / although不能与but同时在句中使用。She was late for school because she missed the bus.=She missed the bus, so she was late for school.目的：目的状语从句是表示行为动作的目的。引导词有that(以便)，so that (以便)，in order that(为了，以便)，for fear that(生怕，以免)，in case（万一）等。They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他们早点动身，以便及时到达。I got up early so that I could catch the early bus. 我早起，以便赶上早班车。 （目的）He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊，以便别人能听见。Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。结果：结果状语从句是表示行为动作的结果，通常主句是原因，从句是结果，由sothat, suchthat, so that等引导。so that可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。He worried so that he couldnt sleep. 他急得睡不着。 （结果）由于紧张，导致睡不着。sothat, suchthat的区别： so是副词， such是形容词so + 形容词/ 副词+ that so + 形容词+ a/an + 名词+thatHe speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他说话太快，没人听得明白。There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused.人口增长如此迅速，以致造成粮食短缺。sucha(an)adj.单数可数名词that suchadj.复数可数名词thatsuchadj.不可数名词thatThey are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。注意：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用 such而用soOur country has so much coal that she can export large quantities. 我们国家的煤炭资源非常丰富，可以大量出口。记两个例子so cold a day such a cold day让步：让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管，即使”。引导的连词主要有though, although, as ,even if, even though, whetheror, no matter+疑问词，疑问词+ever等。though, although 意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互相使用，在口语中，though较常实用。Although比though正式，两者都可以与yet, still或never连用，但不能与but连用。Though it was raining hard, he still went out. 或it was raining hard, but he still went out.不能说Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句谓语主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可以位于主句之前或主句之后。even if，even though表示“即使，纵使”之意，还有一种假设。even if 从句有强烈的假定性，even though表示说话人肯定了从句的事实。Even if he is poor, she loves him. 即使他很穷，她还是爱他。Even though he is poor, she loves him. 尽管他很穷，她还是爱他。No matter who=whoever, no matter what = whatever, no matter when= whenever, no matter where=whereverNo matter who you are, you must keep the law. = Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。As 引导让步状语从句时，意思是“虽然，尽管”，通常从句要倒装。倒装的方法是将从句的表语或状语放as之前，而用though引导让步状语从句时句子则不必倒装。Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.Though it was raining heavily outside, they started out very early. 尽管外面下着大雨，他们还是很早就出发了。方式：方式状语从句中as if, as though用法意义都相同，常用虚拟语气。 比较：比较状语从句，than,as引导。比较级+than 比 as+原级+as 和一样I am taller than him. 我比他高。He is as tall as his father. 他和他父亲一样高。选择题1. Tom will call me as soon as he _home.A. gets B. has got C. got D. will get2.I wont be able to understand what you say,_you speak too quickly.A . if B. though C. because 3. I can still remember meeting her at a party_ it was a long time ago.A. because B. though C. until D. if4. The teacher speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear her.A. so that B. because C. since D. when5. -Emma failed her exams. I think she should work harder.-I agree. _she does, she will get good grades.A. If B. Because C. Before D. Though6.I was listening to music _my English teacher came in.A . until B. while C. since D. when 7. You should go over your test paper _you hand it in.A. before B. though C. because D. as soon as8. Many students didnt realize the importance of study_ they left school.A. when B. until C. as D. after9. In summer, food goes bad easily _it is put in the refrigerator.A . until B. if C. unless 10. My sister got good grades this years _she studied hard.A. or B. unless C. because D. though11. The FIFA World Cup is _fantastic that a lot of people in the world are crazy about it.A. such B. so C. very12. You have to leave now _you can catch the early bus.A. so that B. as soon as C. because D. if13. If you really hold on to your dreams, they _ true one day.A. came B. comes C. has come D. will come14. Mr Black gave a lot money to charities _he was not rich.A. but B. so C. though D. as if15._hard it was, he would never give up.A. Not matter what B. Not matter how C. No matter what D. No matter how16. Yesterday evening I was playing the piano _the doorbell rang.A. when B. before C. while D. after17. “Mary, turn off the water_ you are brushing your teeth.” “Sorry, Ill do it at once.A. until B. while C during18. -What was the party like ?-Wonderful. Its years _I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. when C. before D. since19.-When can we discuss the picnic problem ?-_when we can , we must prepare for it right now.A. Ever since B. No matter C. Even though D. So that20. Well never give up our plan _ happens.A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever21.Dont talk loudly at the meeting. If you_, you will have to leave.A. are B. do C. did D. can22. If you_ to the Shanghai Expo next month ,I will go with you.A. go B. has gone C. will go D. are going23._，mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is he B. However he is lateC. However is he late D. However late he is用适当的连词填空1.I met one of my old friends_I was walking along the street.2.I saw her_she was getting off the bus.3._you arent here on time tomorrow, Ill write to your parents.4.Could you tell me _there is any water left?5. We usually clean the classroom _class is over.6. Wash your hands _you eat something.7. Ill tell her about the important news _I see her.8. .The girl has studied in the town _his family moved here.9. We arent late for class _the new teacher is strict with us.10.We wont go home _we finish our work.11. Tom ran _fast _I couldnt catch up with him.12.He hurried off _he was able to catch the early bus.13._someone throws in some rubbish, it produces a piece of music.14. _Bob has never been to China, he is very interested in it.15. We did _ the teacher told us. And at last we won the match.16. The dictionary isnt so expensive _that one.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I dont know if he_(go) there. If he _(go) there, please tell me.2. She will tell you the good news as soon as she_(see) you.3. She wont go to the cinema until her father_(come) back.4. We_ have supper when they came in.5. She_(work) in the factory since she_(come) ther in 1990.