2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前模拟强化练习题4（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题To read a new book, you simply need good light, time and the right frame of mind. But to read a new software package, you need a thousand pounds worth of hardware, considerable computer knowledge, plenty of time and, most important of all, endless determination.Generally speaking, all books are very much alike, and the experienced reader has no difficulty coping with an unfamiliar book. But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exactly what it is like when you use a new software package.You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. Learning to use a new piece of software is like trying to ride a trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action. It looks easier than it really is. This is partly because you must first unlearn what youve learnt on the last package; no two packages use the control characters on the keyboard in quite the same way. How much easier it would be if there are some standards to which all software writers adhered!Since you cant rely on your precious experience, the only way to understand your new software package is to rely on the manual. Some software manuals are written with the beginner in mind and have explicit instruction with well-designed exercises that lead you gently on from stage to stage. But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. All require a full set of fingers and thumbs to mark pages while hunting out information. Yes, perhaps the information is in the manual, but where?1.When learning to use a new software package you may probably feel （ ）.2.The author mentions the trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action, in order to show （ ）.3.How could a software package become easier to users according to the author?4. What is the most common problem in software manuals according to the passage?5.The word “explicit” underlined in paragraph 4 probably means “ （ ）”.问题1选项A.frustratedB.encouragedC.engrossedD.dismayed问题2选项A.how difficult it is to learn to ride a bicycleB.it is impossible to learn to ride this bicycleC.how difficult it is to learn a new software packageD.to leam to ride a bicycle is the same thing as to leam a new software package问题3选项A.All software packages are made by the same software company.B.The users are familiar with all kinds of software packages.C.There are some standards to which all software writers adhere.D.There is a committee which examines all software packages.问题4选项A.They have complicated explanations which are quite beyond your understanding.B.They are printed in very small characters.C.Their instructions and explanations are too simple.D.They are written with the beginner in mind.问题5选项A.confusingB.clearC.complicatedD.involved【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问当你学习使用一个新的软件包时，你可能会觉得。根据文章第二段中第二句 “But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exactly what it is like when you use a new software package. 但是想象一下，如果你必须在思想上做出调整，如果你每次阅读不同出版商的书时都必须以不同的方式阅读，这将是多么令人沮丧的一件事，而这正是你使用新软件包时的情况。”确定A选项懊恼的，沮丧的正确。2.推理判断题。题干询问作者提到的自行车车把的反作用，是为了显示。骑特技自行车的例子在文章第三段。第一句是该段的中心句，然后骑特技自行车的例子是为了论证这一句，所以答案在中心句找。“You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. 你可以在一分钟内读完一本好书，但让新软件运行起来需要很长时间。”确定C选项学习一个新的软件包有多难。3.细节事实题。题干询问根据作者的观点，软件包如何变得对用户更容易?。根据文章第三段中的最后一句 “How much easier it would be if there are some standards to which all software writers adhered! 如果有一些所有软件作者都遵循的标准，那该多容易啊!”确定C选项所有软件作者都遵循一些标准。4.细节事实题。题干询问根据这篇文章，软件手册中最常见的问题是什么?。根据文章最后一段中的第三句“But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. 但是大多数人都认为你已经是专家了，并且有复杂的解释，这些解释只会让你困惑和恼怒。”确定A选项他们的解释很复杂，你根本无法理解正确。5.词汇题。题干询问第4段下划线的“explicit”一词可能是指。“explicit”出现在文章最后一段的第二句话中。该句中与“have explicit instruction”并列的是“with the beginner in mind站在初学者的角度”，而后文中是用but表示相反意思的 “But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations但是大部分的使用手册都认为你是该领域的专业人员，手册中的解释都非常复杂”，所以该词是与complicated词义相反，B选项清楚的正确。2. 单选题There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened（ ） a sudden loud noise.问题1选项A.being thereB.should there beC.there wasD.there having been【答案】B【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项，可知空格中应填入虚拟条件句，因为省略if，所以应使用倒装，选项C和D可排除。根据句意可知，句子是对将来的虚拟，主句形式为should/could/would/might+动词原形，从句形式为should+动词原形。句意：如果突然发出很大的声音，这些动物很可能会受到惊吓。因此选项B符合题意。3. 单选题In my opinion, you can widen the （ ）of these improvements through your active participation.问题1选项A.dimensionB.volumeC.magnitudeD.scope【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。dimension尺寸；volume体积；magnitude大小；scope范围。句意：在我看来，你可以通过积极参与来扩大这些改进的范围。选项D更符合语境。4. 单选题No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything （ ）going on in the world.问题1选项A.it isB.as isC.there isD.what is【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知“going on in the world”为定语从句修饰先行词everything，且关系代词that可省，所以选用there be句型，表示 “世界上正在发生的”。句意：没有人有时间去读或去听关于这个世界正在发生的所有事情5. 单选题W: Good to see you. You look fatter and better.M: Thanks. I had a lot of exercise and drank vegetable juice every day.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?问题1选项A.The man used to be unhealthyB.The man doesnt have as much exercise as he used to.C.The man ate a lot every day.D.The man has become a better person【答案】D【解析】根据女士的话“你看起来更胖，更好了。”可知D选项这个人变得更好了正确。6. 单选题In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible （ ）and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.问题1选项A.scalesB.ranksC.gradesD.patterns【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。scale规模，比例；rank等级；grade级别，阶段；pattern模式。句意：在美国大学，班级安排通常是灵活的模式，并且校园里有很多工作都是为学生准备的。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations that specialized in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1.The word “observation” in the first paragraph most probably means （ ）.2.People in frontier settlements used to entertain travelers because these strangers would（ ）.3.Nowadays the tradition of friendliness to strangers（ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?5.From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned that（ ）.问题1选项A.attention.B.watchfulness.C.survey.D.opinion.问题2选项A.bring good news from outside world.B.help locals solve their problems.C.bring a change to the life in the settlements.D.requires a different definition.问题3选项A.is still prevailing.B.can rarely be seenC.is wading fastD.requires a different definition问题4选项A.People are still fond of traveling to remote places.B.Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist trails.C.There is no charitable organization in small cities.D.Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding Americans friendliness.问题5选项A.the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its cultureB.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsC.culture exercises a great influence on social interrelationshipsD.courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.词义题。根据第一段的内容可知，“observation”指的是上文所提及的认为大多数美国人和加拿大人友好，礼貌和乐于助人的观点。所以选项D正确。2.推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，边境地区人们的生活通常是单调乏味的，所以他们喜欢招待旅行者或陌生人，因为这些陌生人和旅行者不仅带来了消遣，还带来了外部世界的消息。也就是说，给他们的生活带来了些许改变，所以选项C正确。选项A表述太片面；选项B和D在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。根据第四段第二句“Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US.”招待陌生人的古老传统在美国仍然非常盛行。选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.”到美国旅游的人持有这样的观点并不罕见，但并不总是能够正确的理解。也就是说，到美国来旅游的游客很难理解美国人的友好。选项D与原文表述一致，所以正确。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，第一句为本段的主旨句“As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.”正如任何发达社会一样，在美国，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习俗构成了所有社会关系的基础。也就是说，文化对社会关系有很大的影响。选项C符合原文。8. 单选题The sound of footsteps on the bare floor （ ）the downstairs neighbors.问题1选项A.disturbedB.interruptedC.annoyedD.irritated【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。disturb妨碍，打扰；interrupt打断；annoy打搅，惹恼；irritate激怒。句意：踩在地板上的脚步声打扰了楼下的邻居。选项A符合语境。9. 单选题The editor-in-chief begs （ ）tomorrows meeting.问题1选项A.to be excused to attendB.to be excused to attendingC.to excuse to attendD.to excuse from attending【答案】A【解析】为了参加明天的会议，主编请求准予离开。固定搭配题。excuse sb. from sth.为固定用法，表示“同意某人不做；免除某人”，根据句意是同意，所以排除因此排除C项和D项。“to attend tomorrows meeting”为不定式短语作目的状语，因此答案选A。10. 翻译题Translating the following passages from English into Chinese.Former England captain David Beckham is to retire at the end of the season. The 38-year-old signed a five-month deal at Paris St-Germain in January and donated all of his salary to charity.Beckham made 115 appearances for England and 394 for Manchester United, winning six Premier League titles and the Champions League.Here, in his statement released today, Beckham talks about his decision to retire from playing. “Im thankful to PSG for giving me the opportunity to continue but I feel now is the right time to finish my career, playing at the highest level.” “If you had told me as a young boy I would have played for and won trophies with my boyhood club Manchester United, proudly captained and played for my country over one hundred times and lined up for some of the biggest clubs in the world, I would have told you it was a fantasy. Im fortunate to have realized those dreams.” “To this day, one of my proudest achievements is captaining my country. I knew every time I wore the Three Lions shirt, I was not only following in a long line of great players, I was also representing every fan that cared passionately about their country. Im honoured to represent England both on and off the pitch.” 【答案】前英格兰队队长大卫贝克汉姆将于本赛季末退役。今年1月， 38岁的小贝在巴黎圣日耳曼签署了一份为期5个月的合同，并将自己的全部薪水捐给了慈善机构。贝克汉姆代表英格兰出场115次，代表曼联出场394次，六次获得英超冠军和欧冠冠军。在他今天发表的声明中，贝克汉姆谈到了退役的决定。“我非常感谢巴黎圣日尔曼给我继续参赛的机会，但是我觉得现在是时候结束我的职业生涯了，在最高水平的联赛中。”“如果你在我很小的时候告诉我，我会为曼联俱乐部效力并赢得奖杯，并自豪地担任队长，为我的国家征战100多次，并为世界上一些伟大的俱乐部效力，我会告诉你这些只是幻想。幸运的是，我实现了这些梦想。”“直到今天，我最引以为豪的事情就是担任国家队队长。每当穿上三狮军团的战衣，我知道我不仅作为一名球员，同一大群伟大的球员合作征战，我也代表着每一位关心英格兰的球迷。我很荣幸能够成为英格兰的代表，无论是场内还是场外。”11. 单选题To make the best and the most efficient use of your time and to achieve your goals, start each day by （ ）your agenda.问题1选项A.holding onB.making outC.keeping onD.taking down【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。hold on等一下，继续；make out理解，辨认出，设法应付；keep on继续；take down记下。句意：为了最大限度、最有效地利用你的时间并实现你的目标，你需要开始每天记录你的日程。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题M: Is there anything I can do for you. Madam?W: Id like to see some linen, please.Q: Where are the two people?问题1选项A.In a sports department.B.In a textile department.C.In a hotel.D.In a shoe department.【答案】B【解析】根据题目“linen亚麻布”可知B选项纺织部正确。13. 单选题He was accompanied by his faithful friend and secretary, Mr. William Minns, （ ）.问题1选项A.without whom he never travelledB.without who he never travelledC.without him he never travelledD.he never travelled without him【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项，可知空格中填入非限制性定语从句，可由介词without+关系代词引导，who和him不能用作关系代词引导定语从句，选项B和C可排除。句意：他忠实的朋友兼秘书威廉明斯先生，没有他经常陪同着他，每次旅游都会和他一起。因此选项A符合题意。14. 单选题（ ） us earlier, （ ）your request to the full.问题1选项A.You have contacted. we could comply withB.Had you contacted. we could have complied withC.You had contacted. could we have complied withD.Have you contacted. we could comply with【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。综合题干和选项判断，本题考查的是省略if的虚拟语气。本题表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/could/might/should+现在完成时。因此B选项符合题意。15. 单选题The government gave a very （ ）explanation of its plan for economic development.问题1选项A.comprehensiveB.compoundC.considerableD.complacent【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。comprehensive综合的，全面的；compound混合的；considerable重要的，相当大的；complacent满足的。句意：政府对其经济发展计划作了非常全面的解释。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题I think I was at school, （ ）I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.问题1选项A.or elseB.and thenC.or soD.even so【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。A选项；B选项and then “于是，然后”;C选项or so “大约”; D选项even so “虽然如此，即使如此”。根据句意当听到这个消息时，我应该是在学校，在和朋友度假。应该是表示选择，所以A选项or else “否则,要不然”符合逻辑，正确。17. 单选题You will see this product （ ）wherever you go.问题1选项A.to be advertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising【答案】B【解析】语法（分词作后置定语）题。分析题干可知，空格处填入的是定语来修饰this product。而product和advertise是被动关系，所以用表被动的过去分词作后置定语，B选项正确。18. 单选题W: Do you mind if I take a couple of hours off this afternoon?M: OK, but what for?Q: What is the woman asking for?问题1选项A.AdviceB.LeaveC.TimeD.Reason.【答案】B【解析】题目中“take a couple of hours off”的意思是“请几个小时的假”，和B选项的“ask for leave”意思相同，B选项正确。19. 单选题The （ ）of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.问题1选项A.manifestationB.implementationC.expeditionD.demonstration【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。manifestation表现，显示；implementation实现，履行；expedition远征；demonstration示范，证明。句意：文化现象的 通常是人们生活习惯中某些物质方面的逻辑结果。选项A更符合语境，所以正确。20. 单选题M: Well, what did you think of Mr. Brokaws speech?W: I guess it was OK, but I was often in the dark in more ways than one!Q: What do we learn from the conversation?问题1选项A.The speech was given in the evening.B.The woman didnt quite understand the speech.C.The woman was somewhat in a dark place.D.The woman couldnt hear the speech clearly【答案】B【解析】对话中的“in the dark”的引申含义是女士没有听懂演讲，所以B选项正确。