2022年考博英语-西南大学考前模拟强化练习题41（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西南大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Opinion poll surveys show that the public see scientists in a rather unflattering light.Commonly the scientist is also seen as being male. It is true that most scientists are male, but the picture of science as a male activity may be a major reason why fewer girls than boys opt for science, except when it comes to biology, which is seen as female.The image most people have of science and scientists comes from their own experience of school science, and from the mass media_ Science teachers themselves See it as a problem that so many school pupils find school science an unsatisfying experience, though over the last few years more and more pupils, including girls, have opted for science subjects.In spite of excellent documentaries, and some good popular science magazines, scientific modes in the media still usually alternate between miracle and scientific threat. The popular stereotype of science is like the magic of fairy tales: it has potential for enormous good or awful harm. Popular fiction is full of “good” scientists saving the world, and mad scientists trying to destroy it.From all the many scientific stories which might be given media treatment, those which are chosen are usually those which can be framed in terms of the usual news angles: novelty, threat, conflict or the bizarre. The routine and often tedious work of the scientist slips from view, to be replaced: with a picture of scientists forever offending public moral sensibilities (as in embryo research), threatening public health (as in weapons research), or fighting it out with each other (in giving evidence at public enquiries such as those held on the issues connected with nuclear power).The mass media also lends to over-personalize scientific work, depicting it as the productof individual genius, while neglecting the social organization which makes scientific work possible. A further effect of this is that science comes to be seen as a thing in itself: a kind of unpredictable force a tide of scientific progress.It is no such thing, of course. Science is what scientists do; what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates, and what is clone with their work depends very much on who has the power to change their discoveries into technology, and what their interests are.1.According to the passage, ordinary-people have a poor opinion of science and scientists partly because （ ）.2.Fewer girls than boys study science because（ ）.3.Media treatment of science tends to concentrate on（ ）.4.According to the author, over-personalization of scientific work will lead science（ ）.5.According to the author, what a scientist does（ ）.问题1选项A.of the misleading of the mediaB.opinion polls are unflattering.C.scientists are shown negatively in the mediaD.science, is considered to be dangerous问题2选项A.they think that science is too difficultB.they are often unsuccessful in science at schoolC.science is seen as a mans jobD.science is considered to be tedious问题3选项A.the routine everyday work of scientistsB.discoveries that the public will understandC.the more sensational aspects of scienceD.the satisfactions of scientific work问题4选项A.isolation from the rest of the worldB.improvements on school systemC.association with femalenessD.trouble ha recruiting young talent问题5选项A.should be attributed to his individual geniusB.depends on the coordination of the societyC.shows his independent powerD.is unpredictable【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.文章第三段提到人们对于科学的认知大多来源于他们在学校关于最科学的学习以及大众媒体。文章第五段和第六段讲述了大众媒体对科学工作的负面描述和夸大（The mass media also lends to over-personalize scientific work），因而导致了人们对科学和科学家们有误解，选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句It is true that most scientists are male, but the picture of science as a male activity may be a major reason why fewer girls than boys opt for science, except when it comes to biology, which is seen as female提到看为什么大部分科学家是男性，女性很少的原因，因为她们认为科学就是男性的工作，因此选项C符合题意。3.文章第五段The routine and often tedious work of the scientist slips from view, to be replaced: with a picture of scientists forever offending public moral sensibilities, threatening public health, or fighting it out with each other提到媒体关注的重点不再是科学实验这些繁琐的工作，而是将关注点放在科学家们没有公共道德情感、危害公众健康或者相互争斗等等，选项C符合题意。4.文章第六段第一句The mass media also lends to over-personalize scientific work, depicting it as the product of individual genius, while neglecting the social organization which makes scientific work possible提到大众媒体将科学工作过分私人化。作者认为如果脱离了社会组织，科学工作将无法进行。选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到科学家们的工作是为了促进社会的进步what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates，因此他们依靠的是整个社会的协作，选项B符合题意。2. 单选题It is a generous and receptive intelligence that was （ ）from attaining its full scope by bad training, poor school and lack of opportunity.问题1选项A.foiledB.thwartedC.balkedD.inhabited【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。foil “阻止；挫败”；thwart “反对，阻碍”；balk “故意妨碍或阻止”；inhabit “居住于”。句意：糟糕的训练，落后的学校条件以及机会的缺失妨碍了一个慷慨乐于接受的大脑的完全开发。选项C符合题意。3. 翻译题Translate the following short paragraphs info English花些力气教会孩子们良好的花钱习惯是非常值得的，因其带来的好处是使他们受益 一生的。没有受过这些金钱教育的孩子们将一辈子为此付出代价。有些：父母不和子女 谈论金钱，因为他们觉得不应该和小孩子谈论金钱，觉得没有时间，或者是认为他们没 有足够的钱。作为父母，不论他们的收入如何都应该花时间教导子女有关钱的问题。 大部分人对金钱所持有的固有的感受和看法都是基于儿时的经历以及家庭的价值观和信念。多数情况下，每个父母的这些经历、价值观和信念都是不同的。父母谈论这些感 受和看法并建立起一条前后一致的：树立子女金钱观的途径对于孩子的健康成长非常重要。【答案】Its worthy of taking effort to teach children good habit of spending, which will be benefit for their whole life. Those children who are not taught these lessons will pay the consequences for a life-time. Some parents dont teach their children about money because they think they shouldnt talk about money with children and they dont have time, or they think they dont have enough money. As parents, they should teach children about money regardless of their income. Most peoples feeling and opinions about money are based on childhood experiences and the value and beliefs of their families. In most cases, every parent has different experiences, values and beliefs. It is very important for the healthy development of children that parents talk about these feelings and opinions and establish a consistent approach to teach their children about money.4. 单选题Although it was his first experience as chairman: he （ ）over the meeting with great skill.问题1选项A.presidedB.administeredC.masteredD.executed【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。preside over “主持”。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题The summer session in Georgetown University was a really wonderful occasion which we will（ ） for many years to come.问题1选项A.discountB.acquitC.cherishD.blur【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。discount “打折扣”；acquit “无罪释放”；cherish “珍惜”；blur “使模糊不清”。句意：乔治敦大学暑期班是个很棒的场合，我们将在今后的许多年里都会珍惜它。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题A person who studies （ ）learns how to express numbers approximately and how to calculate ratios and averages.问题1选项A.staticB.statisticC.statisticsD.status【答案】C【解析】考察形近词词义辨析。Static “静止的，静态的”；statistic “数据，数字”； statistics “统计学”； status “地位，身份”。句意：统计学专业学生主要学习如何大概地表示数据，如何计算比例和平均值。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题His career was not noticeably （ ）by the fact that he had never been to college.问题1选项A.preventedB.restrainedC.hinderedD.refrained【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。prevent “防止”；restrain “抑制，阻止”；hinder “阻碍”；refrain “抑制，自制，避免”。句意：他的事业没有因为他没上过大学而受到明显的障碍。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The （ ）effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didnt want to do sports every day.问题1选项A.cumulativeB.formidableC.eternalD.prospective【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。cumulative “累积的”；formidable “可怕的，可畏的”；eternal “永恒的”；prospective “预期的，有希望的”。句意：多种病一齐发作使得他身体孱弱，但是他仍然不愿意去运动。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题The truck driver was fined for exceeding the speed （ ）.问题1选项A.rangeB.limitC.ruleD.regulation【答案】B【解析】考察名词词义辨析。range“范围”；limit“限制界限”； rule “规定，规则”；regulation意为“规定，规则”。句意：卡车司机由于超速而被罚了款。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Your story about the frog turning into a prince is （ ）nonsense.问题1选项A.shearB.sheerC.shieldD.sheet【答案】B【解析】考察形容词、名词词义辨析。shear “剪（羊毛等）”; sheer “纯粹的；不掺杂的”； shield “盾牌”；sheet“床单，被单”。句意：你的关于青蛙变成王子的故事完全是无稽之谈。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hog warts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies ofHarry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bleater trucks. Relaxed toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottennania.Yet Mr. Potters world is a curious one, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media (hereby including The Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalization) is helping to hype the launch of J.K. Rowlings fifth novel about the most adventurous thing that the publishers (Scholastic in America and Britains Bloomsbury in English elsewhere) have organized is a reading by Ms. Rowling in Londons Royal Albert Hail, to be broadcast as a Jive webcast. Hollywood, which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relatively low.Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio exclusive film, licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce goods using Harry Potter characters or images, from which Ms Rowling gets a big enough cut that she is now wealthier than the queen-if you believe Britains Sunday Times rich list. The process is self generating: each book sets the stage for a film, which boosts book sales, which lifts sales of Potter products.Globally, the first four Harry Potter books have sold some 200m copies in 55 languages; the two movies have grossed over $1.8 billion at the box office. This is a stunning success by any measure, especially as Ms Rowling has long demanded that Harry Potter should not be over commercialized, in line with her wishes, Warner says it is being extraordinarily careful, at least by Hollywood standards, about what it licenses and to whom. It imposed tough conditions on Coca Cola, insisting that no Harry Potter images should appear on cans, and is now in the process of making its licensing programme even more restrictive. Coke may soon be considered too mass market to carry the brand at all.The deal with Warner ties much of the merchandising to the films alone. There are no officially sanctioned products relating to Order of the Phoenix; nor yet for Harry Potter and Prisoner of Azkaban, the film of the third book, which is due out in June 2004. Warner agrees that Ms Rowlings creation is a different sort of commercial property, one with long-term potential that could be damaged by a typical Hollywood marketing blitz, says Diane Nelson, the studios global brand manager for Harry Potter. It is vital, she adds, that with more to come, readers of the bocks are not alienated. The evidence from our market research is that enthusiasm for the properly by fans is not waning.1.When the author says “there will be no escaping Potter mania”，he implies that （ ）.2.Ms Rowlings reading in Londons Royal Albert Hall is mentioned to show（ ）.3.The author believes that（ ）.4.Paragraph 4 intends mainly to flow Warners（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the last paragraph that（ ）.问题1选项A.Harry Potters appeal for the readers is simply irresistibleB.it is somewhat irrational to be so crazy about the magic boyC.craze about Harry Potter will not be over in the near futureD.Hogwarts school of magic will be the biggest attraction world over问题2选项A.publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potters businessB.businesses are actually more credible than media in Potters worldC.the media are promoting Pottermania more actively than HollywoodD.businesses involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual way问题3选项A.Britains Sunday Times rich list is not very convincing as it soundsB.Time Warners management of licenses is a bit over commerciatizedC.other firms may produce goods using Harry Potter images at willD.what Ms Rowling got in return for her offering to Warner is a real bargain问题4选项A.determination to promote PotterB.consistence in conducting businessC.high regard for Ms Rowlings requestD.careful restrictions on licensing to Coco-Cola问题5选项A.products of Potter films have brought enormous, profits to WarnerB.current Hollywoods marketing of Potter may damage its potentialC.readers could get tired of Ms Rowlings writings sooner or laterD.Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in future【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段讲述了哈利波特迷们的世界性狂热，没有人能够躲过哈利波特狂潮（Relaxed toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottennania），说明哈利波特的吸引力极其强大。选项A“哈利波特的吸引力势不可挡”符合题意。2.文章第二段提到了罗琳应邀去朗读这件事是为了保持低调（Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile），选项D符合题意。3.文章第三段提到罗琳与华纳兄弟签订一个五十万美元的合约，在作者看来in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000，作者称为 “steal”,选项D符合题意。4.文章第四段讲述了由于罗琳提出不能让哈利波特过于商业化（over commercialized） ，因此华纳兄弟公司按照罗琳所说的去做了，选项C符合题意。5.选项A可以从文章第四段推测出，并不是最后一段得出的，排除；作者对华纳兄弟的做法是予以支持的，所以选项B排除；从文章中可以看出哈利波特迷的热情有增无减，所以选项C排除。因此，选项D符合题意。12. 单选题It was during summer breaks that we first taste the satisfaction work that （ ）into hard currency.问题1选项A.translatesB.transfersC.transplantsD.transmits【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。translate “变换”；transfer“移交，迁移”；transplant“移植（器官）”；transmit“传输，传播”。句意：暑假期间，我们第一次品尝到了把劳动变成货币的滋味。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europes regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the countrys three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 14O4.The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of clubScotland, Northern Ireland, and Walesa bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe -only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means land of compatriots, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nations symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent time most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Waless annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence, Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. We used to think. We cant do anything, were only Welsh. Now I think thats changing.1.According to the passage, devolution was mainly meat to （ ）.2.The word “centrifogal” in the second paragraph mesas（ ）.3.Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT（ ）.4.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity（ ）.5.According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is（ ）.问题1选项A.maintain to the passage, devolution was mainly meat toB.reduce legislative powers of England.C.create a better state of equality among the nationsD.grant more say to all the nations in the union.问题2选项A.separatistB.conventionalC.feudalD.political问题3选项A.peoples desire for devolution.B.locals turnout for the votingC.powers of the legislative body.D.status of the national language.问题4选项A.Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B.Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C.A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D.The national symbol has become a familiar sight.问题5选项A.peoples mentality.B.pop culture.C.towns appearance.D.possibilities for the people.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.devotion出现在文章第二段第三句The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom，该句提到为了恢复大不列颠各成员国之间的平衡而采取了权利下放，devolution 是“权利下放”的意思。选项C提到的“创建一个更好的平等状态”与 “恢复各成员国间的平衡”意思相近，符合题意。2.centrifugal出现在文章第二段最后一句a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union，可推测centrifugal应与union意思相反，是威胁联盟团结的事物，选项A “分离主义”符合题意。3.文章第三段第一句The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution提到威尔士人对权利下放热情很低，但苏格兰人却不一样（Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly）由此可知选项A是两者的区别，排除；第三段第二句Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than o