2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解30

2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Ill lend you my cassette recorder（ ） Ive done with it.问题1选项A.every timeB.the momentC.untilD.lest【答案】B【解析】句意:我一用完盒式录音机就借给你。考查短语辨析。every time 每次，每当，不能充当连词;the moment立刻，马上，一就；until 直到时，不能与瞬时性动词连用，题干中的lend为瞬时性动词,故排除C；lest 唯恐，以免，担心,不符合句意。故选B。2. 单选题Another urgent problem （ ）the new kingdom was that of the education of its citizens.问题1选项A.conflictingB.confrontingC.competingD.combating【答案】B【解析】句意:新王国面对的另一个紧迫问题是国民教育的问题。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。Conflict冲突,抵触（不及物动词，后跟with或against）; confront面对， 遭遇，比较,可做及物动词; compete竞争，比赛，对抗（不及物动词，后跟with或against）; combat反对，与战斗。分析题干可知空格处应填及物动词,因此B项无论从语义还是从搭配上都符合题意。3. 单选题No one knows who was the first to invent the dice as we know them. What is remarkable is that they have remained virtually intact across national boundaries and all through the age small cubes marked by dots from 1 to 6, so placed that the sum of the dots on opposite sides equals 7. Dice much like those used today were found in China in unearthed cultural relics dating from 600 BC and in ancient Egyptian tombs dating from 2000BC, as well as in the ruins of Babylon. The playing of dice was popular in Greece and even more so in Rome, and dice were used throughout the Middle Ages. In the simplest play with dice each player throws, or shoots, for the highest sum. In China and in the United States the most popular dice game is played with two dice.The number of random numbers that can be expressed by two dice is very limited; the number are: 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.11 and 12, all eleven of them. The most probable throw is 7. The probability of 7 is six times that of 12. Therefore it would be ideal if a new kind of dice could be invented with an equal distribution of chances for each number. Well, such dice have already been invented by a British amateur astronomer by the name Aires. The new version.which the inventor calls “heartbreak dice”，also consists of two dice. But the number of random numbers that can be expressed by the new dice is more than three times that of the traditional ones, and the chances for each number are strictly equal.1.According to passage one, the Chinese had played dice （ ）.2.Which of the following statements about dice in China is true?3.In regard to the new kind of dice, we can tell that（ ）.问题1选项A.more than 2500 years before.B.3400 years earlier than Egyptians had done soC.in the Middle AgesD.just a little earlier than Christ was born问题2选项A.Dice in ancient China were quite different from dice todayB.Dice in China are very different from the ones used in other countriesC.In China, people never play dice games with only one diceD.The aim of playing dice games in China is the same as the ones in other countriesto get the highest sum问题3选项A.the idea isnt practicalB.it was also named “Aires” though its now called “heartbreak dice”.C.its famous for the equal distribution of chances for every possible numberD.it also uses digits from 1 to 6【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出: Dice much like those used today were found in China in unearthed cultural relics dating from 600 BC and in ancient Egyptian tombs dating from 2000BC.( 在中国，骰子最早发现于公元前600年的出土文物中， 其外形和如今所用的骰子相似)。故A项“2500年前”正确。2.判断推理题。A:古中国的骰子和如今的骰子大不相同,根据第一段中 “Dice much like those used today were found in China in unearthed cultural relics dating from 600 BC and in ancient Egyptian tombs dating from 2000BC. (在中国，骰子最早发现于公元前600年的出土文物中，其外形和如今所用的骰子相似)” 可知A项错误。B: 中国的骰子和其他国家的骰子不同,文章并未提及。C: 在中国，人们从不用一个骰子,虽然第一段指出: In China and in the United States the most popular dice game is played with two dice (中国与美国的骰子游戏用的是两个骰子),这并不能退出选项C。D: 中国骰子 游戏的目的和其他国家一样，都是为获得最大点数,根据第一段中的“In the simplest play with dice each player throws, or shoots, for the highest sum (骰子最简单的玩法就是玩家投掷筛子以获得最大点数)”可知D正确。因此本题选D。3.细节事实题。文章最后一句话为: .the chances for each number are strictly equal(每个数字出现的概率相同),因此C项 “因能够平均分配每个可能出现的数据而著名”正确。4. 单选题The influence of climate on behavior appears all-pervasive. Indeed, who can claim that weather factors have no influence on their decision-making? Everyone can point to instances where plans and activities have been changed because of weather conditions. Peoples moods also change with the weather: bright sunny days seem to lift spirits, while dark rainy periods bring on depression.Law enforcement agencies are beginning to show interest in the effect of atmospheric conditions on behavior. Every year, the FBIs Uniform Crime Reports provide breakdowns of the crime rates by month and season of the year. Both monthly and seasonal variations are considered to reflect the varying influence of temperature, precipitation, humidity, length of daylight, and a number of other climatological factors.Various studies find relationships between specific climatological conditions and crime. Rising temperature is generally accompanied by increases in aggression and violent crime. On the other hand, high humidity appears to reduce the incidence of physical activity and aggression. Rain, cloud cover, and other forms of inclement weather are associated with lower levels of property crimes and increased depression.Our study showed that low humidity has the most widespread influence on all types of crime studied. The analysis also shows that as humidity increases the level of crime decreases. Temperature also has a great effect Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries, but it also increases the other crime categories. Burglaries and daytime assaults also tend to increase along with cloud cover. Except for wind speed and barometric pressure with regard to daytime assaults, the remaining weather factors have virtually no influence on the levels of crime.Individuals who respond with criminal behavior to weather changes or weather extreme may be controllable by administering drugs that offset these influences. Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain may someday be a feasible countermeasure to aggressive stimuli due to increased temperature or other weather variables.Changing or manipulating the weather is one possible means of attacking a weather-crime interaction. This approach may not be feasible due to the many relationships between weather climate and the rotation of the earth. Minor changes may be possible such as regulation of rainfall or sky cover. On the other hand, temperature control may be possible.More research is needed to assess and clarify the relationship between crime and the various climatological factors. Once this is accomplished, it will be necessary to devise more accurate means of forecasting the weather, counteracting the effects of weather on human behavior, and controlling the environment, or identifying other approaches to the problem.1.People are likely to be very active and aggressive （ ）.2.People are in low spirits（ ）.3.All the following statements are true except that（ ）.4.The following are all optimum-conditions except（ ）.5.Which of the following ways to handle crime is not mention（ ）.问题1选项A.when it is rainy and cloudyB.as humidity increasesC.when there is little moistureD.as temperature decreases问题2选项A.during the nightB.on clear and fine daysC.on hot and sunny daysD.during cold and stormy-weather问题3选项A.nighttime stealing increases along with temperatureB.nobody is free from the influence of weather factorsC.crime rates are related to temperature, moisture, etc.D.people are thinking about the possible ways to handle individual reaction to climatological changes.问题4选项A.little sky coverB.higher temperatureC.higher humidityD.lower temperature问题5选项A.Surgical correctioB.Medicine treatmentC.Weather controlD.More police work.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词active and aggressive定位至第三段: On the other hand, high humidity appears to reduce the incidence of physical activity and aggression (另一方面，湿度高会减少激烈的身体接触和侵害事件的发生),因此C项 “温度低时”正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词in low spirits定位至第三段: Rising temperature is generally accompanied by increases in aggression and violent crime (温度上升时人的好斗情绪和暴力犯罪事件会增加),由此可知D项 “在寒冷和暴风雨时”人情绪低落”正确。3.细节事实题。A:气温升高时夜间入室盗窃事件增多,第四段指出: Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries, but it also increases the other crime categories (气温升高不会影响夜间入室盗窃的频率，但会增加其他类型的犯罪事件),因此A项不符合文章所述。B:人人都会受天气因素的影响,第一段指出: The influence of climate on behavior appears all-pervasive(气候对行为的影响是全方位的),因此B项符合原文。C:犯罪率与气温、湿度等因素有关,第四段指出: Our study showed that low humidity has the most widespread influence on all types of crime studied (研究表明低湿度对各类犯罪有最广泛的影响),以及Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries, but it also increases the other crime categories(气温升高不会影响夜间入室盗窃的频率，但会增加其他类型的犯罪事件),因此C项正确。D:人们在考虑个人应对气候变化的有效方法,最后一段指出: More research is needed to assess and clarify the relationship between crime and the various climatological factors (需要更多研究来评估和阐明犯罪与多种多样气候因素的关系)。因此本题答案选A。4.判断推理题。题干问的是以下哪个选项不属于能减少犯罪的情况。第四段指出: Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries, but it also increases the other crime categories(气温升高不会影响夜间入室盗窃的频率,但会增加其他类型的犯罪事件), 由此可知答案为B项 “气温升高”。5.细节事实题。题干问的是以下哪项不属于文中提及的解决措施。由第五段“Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain may someday be a feasible countermeasure to aggressive stimuli due to increased temperature or other weather variables (总有一天，电刺激大脑快感中心会成为应对因气温不断升高或其他天气变量而导致的激进刺激的一种可行措施)”可知A项“外科轿治”正确。由第五段“Individuals who respond with criminal behavior to weather changes or weather extreme may be controllable by administering drugs that offset these influences (可能通过采用能抵消这些影响的药物来治疗有犯罪行为的人)”可知B项“药物治疗”正确。由第六段“Changing or manipulating the weather is one possible means of attacking a weather-crime interaction(改善或控制天气变化可能成为对抗受天气影响的犯罪行为的一个方法)”可知C项“天气控制”正确。因此本题选D。5. 单选题The energy gained from the sun can then be used during the night to enable the necessary chemical reaction to （ ）in its body.问题1选项A.precedeB.proceedC.progressD.practice【答案】B【解析】句意:从太阳获取的能量能在夜间被用来使必要的化学反应在体内进行。考查动词辨析。Precede领先，在之前; proceed开始，继续进行,发生; progress前进,进步; practice练习,实习,实行。故B符合句意。6. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English上学是一个特定的形式化了的过程。在不同场合下，它的基本形式大同小异。在全国各地，孩子们几乎在同一时刻到达学校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人传授知识， 使用大致相同的教材，做作业，考试等等。他们所学的现实生活中的一些片断，如字母表或政府的运作，往往受到科目范围的限制。【答案】Schooling is a specific, formalized process, whose basic form varies on different occasions. All over the country, children arrive at school at almost the same time, take designated seats, are taught by an adult, use approximately same textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. Some slices of life in reality to be learned by them, such as the alphabet or the workings of government, have usually been limited by the scopes of the subjects to be taught.7. 单选题Well be very careful and keep what youve told us strictly（ ）.问题1选项A.rigorousB.privateC.confidentialD.mysterious【答案】C【解析】句意:我们会非常谨慎，并会严格保密你告诉我们的话。考查形容词辨析。Rigorous严格的,严厉的; private私人的,个人的; confidential机密的,保密的,秘密的; mysterious神秘的,奇怪的,不易解释的。分析题干可知此处表示“应该保密”,故选C。8. 单选题I have been living in a dorm room, （ ）faces north, for three years and have suffered a lot.问题1选项A.the windowB.which windowC.whose windowD.its window【答案】C【解析】句意:我在一个窗户朝北的宿舍里已住了三年，这让我受了很多苦。语法题。考查定语从句。分析题干和选项可知,句子主干为I have been living in a dorm room for three years and have suffered a lot, 而“ faces north” 为room的定语, window（窗户）和room (房间)是从属关系,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。9. 单选题Mary wanted to turn natural history into a science that would （ ）physics and chemistry.问题1选项A.be the same asB.rank withC.be at issueD.take on【答案】B【解析】句意:玛丽想要将自然历史变成与物理和化学并列的一门学科。考查短语辨析。be the same as与相同; rank with 与并列; be at issue争论不休; take on承担，呈现，接纳，雇用。故B符合句意。10. 单选题This（ ） girl is Toms cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little AmericanB.American pretty littleC.American little prettyD.little American pretty【答案】A【解析】句意:这位漂亮的美国小女孩是Tom的表妹。语法题。考查形容词排列顺序。pretty属于“描绘性形容词”，little属于“表示大小、长短、高低的形容词”，American属于“表示国籍的形容词”。在修饰 名词时，这三类形容词的顺序为描绘性形容词、表示大小、长短、高低的形容 词、表示国籍的形容词。故A符合此顺序。11. 单选题The students were supposed to （ ）their assignment by now.问题1选项A.finishB.have finishedC.finishingD.having finished【答案】B【解析】句意:到现在为止，学生们应该已完成作业了。语法题。考查现在完成时。由关键词by now (到现在为止)可知句子 用现在完成时态。Be supposed to 后面应该接动词原形have。故选B。12. 单选题David felt obliged （ ）for Nancy when the teacher singled her out for criticism.问题1选项A.to put a wordB.putting a wordC.to put in a wordD.putting in a word【答案】C【解析】句意:当老师把Nancy单独叫出去批评吋，David觉得有必要为她说几句。考查固定搭配。Be obliged to do sth. 被迫做某事，不得不做。put in a word for sb. 为某人说话。13. 单选题I （ ）several interesting facts about Mexico in that book.问题1选项A.came toB.came intoC.came overD.came across【答案】D【解析】句意:我在那本书中无意发现了有关墨西哥的几个有趣的事实。考查短语辨析。四个选项均为对应动词短语的过去式。come to 想起，共计，苏醒，来到; come into 进入，得到（财产）；come 过来，顺便来访，抓住；come across 偶遇，无意中发现，讲得清楚明白。由关键信息“several interesting facts about Mexico”可知D符合句意。14. 单选题I can meet you at eight oclock; （ ）you can call for me.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.actuallyC.alternativelyD.accordingly【答案】C【解析】句意:我可以八点钟跟你见面，或者你也可以来接我。考查副词辨析。Incidentally顺便,偶然地; actually 实际上; alternatively 二者择一地,或者; accordingly 因此。故C符合句意。15. 单选题The hotel （ ）only $50 for a double room in the slack season.问题1选项A.claimsB.pricesC.chargesD.demands【答案】C【解析】句意:在淡季，这家旅馆的双人间只需要50美元。考查固定搭配。charge for 索价,要价。16. 单选题Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant （ ）so much noise.问题1选项A.resistB.tolerateC.sustainD.undergo【答案】B【解析】句意:一些老年人因不能忍受太多的噪音而不喜欢流行歌曲。考查动词辨析。resist 抵抗，抵制;tolerate 忍受，忍受（令人不愉快的事情或人）；sustain 支撑，承受（负担或指责）；undergo经受，遭受。空格处动词的宾语为noise(噪音)，因此B符合句意。17. 单选题After his wifes death, he was on the verge of a （ ）.问题1选项A.breakdownB.breakoutC.break inD.breakthrough【答案】A【解析】句意:他的妻子过世后，他陷入了崩溃的边缘。考查形近词辨析。Breakdown崩溃,倒塌,损坏,故障; breakout逃脱,越狱; break in打断,闯入,开始工作; breakthrough突破,突破性进展。由关键词his wifes death (他妻子的死亡)可知A符合句意。18. 单选题While some business executives repeated their objections to the new smoking restrictions, others said they wanted more time to （ ）the impact of todays decision.问题1选项A.attestB.obtainC.affectD.weigh【答案】D【解析】句意:一些企业经管人员对新的吸烟限制条件表示反对，另外一部分人表示需要更多的时间去权衡如今决定的影响。考查动词辨析。Attest证明,证实; obtain获得; affect影响,感染,感动; weigh权衡,考虑,称重量。故D符合句意。19. 翻译题Translate the following short Chinese passage into English, which should be written on your Answer Sheet.人们常说，做一名旅游者是“现代体验”的特征之一。“从不出游”就和没有轿车或高级住宅一样寒酸。在现代社会中，旅行是一种地位的标志，也被视为保持身体健康之必需。因此，旅游从业人员的任务就是根据旅游者的阶层和总期望值来迎合他们的需要和兴趣。【答案】It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the “modern experience”. Never “going away” is like not possessing a car or a nice house. Travel is a marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be necessary for good health. The role of the professional, therefore, is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance with their class and overall expectations.20. 单选题Dont run （ ）the idea that Scotsmen are mean. They just dont like wasting money.问题1选项A.in forB.intoC.away fromD.away with【答案】D【解析】句意:不要轻率地下结论说苏格兰人很吝啬。他们只是不想浪费钱。考查固定搭配。run away with the idea轻易接受（意见、看法等）。