2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解41

2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题This African country has been（ ）by civil war, famine and flood for decades.问题1选项A.afflictedB.conflictedC.despairedD.inclined【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项afflict表示“折磨；使痛苦；使苦恼”；B选项conflict表示“冲突，矛盾；争执；斗争”；C选项despair表示“绝望，丧失信心”；D选项incline表示 “倾向于，有倾向”。根据关键词“civil war, famine and flood（内战、饥荒和洪水）”可知，这个非洲国家一直饱受这些灾害折磨，故afflict最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。2. 翻译题A. Translate the following into Chinese (15%)Surveys show that mens attitudes to risk are typically more enthusiastic, whereas women are more likely to buy and hold, which leads financial advisers to conclude that men are less risk-averse. And men are more likely to say that they understand financial concepts, which might seem to suggest that they are more financially literate.But it may be more accurate to say that women are more risk-aware and less deluded about their financial competence. A study in 2001 by Brad Barber, an academic in the field of behavioural finance, showed that women out performed men in the market by one percentage point a year. The main reason, he argued, was that men were much more likely to be overconfident than women, and hence to carry out unprofitable trades.Another difference is that men are more likely to say that outperforming the market is their top investment goal, whereas women tend to mention specific financial goals, such as buying a house or retiring at 60. Affluent women are more likely to seek financial advice and fewer direct their own investments compared with men. according to Century, a research firm. But they seem to be less satisfied with the advice they are getting. A survey in 2016 by Econsult, a consultancy, found that 62% of women with significant assets under management would consider abandoning their manager, compared with 44% of men.B. Translate the following into English(15%)管理者中富有激情，具有个人魅力和感染力的人凤毛麟角。那么，其他和我一样的大部分人该怎么办呢？你也许学不来魅力四射，但是你一定能够学会直截了当、有效地与员工谈论工作。能够学会在合适的时间以合适的方式、用词精准地与员工谈论工作。最有效的管理者拥有一种特别的谈话方式。他们有着特殊的姿势、风度以及语调。他们的谈话方式既有权威感，又容易让人产生共鸣；既充分表达了严格的要求，又让人感到谈话人所给予的巨大支持；既严肃训导，又让人能够接受。这种谈话既不同于朋友，也不同于老板，恰好介于两者中间。【答案】A英译汉 【参考译文】调查显示，男性应对风险的态度通常更为积极，然而女性则更可能会去购买和持有，这就导致理财顾问得出结论：男性更愿意承担风险。并且男性更愿意说自己理解金融的概念，也似乎表明他们自己更懂金融。但更准确的说法可能是，女性更有风险意识，更少因自己的财务能力上当受骗。行为金融学领域学者布拉德巴伯(Brad Barber)在2001年进行的一项研究中表明，女性在金融市场中的表现每年比男性高出一个百分点。他认为，主要原因是男性比女性更容易过度自信，因此更容易进行无钱可赚的交易。另一个不同之处在于，男性更有可能认为跑赢市场是他们的最高投资目标，而女性则倾向于涉及具体的财务目标，比如买房或在60岁退休。据研究公司Century称，富裕女性比男性更有可能去寻求理财建议，而非自己直接投资。但她们似乎对得到的建议不太满意。咨询公司Econsult在2016年的一项调查中发现，大量资产被理财公司管理的女性中有62%的人考虑放弃和自己理财经理的合作，相比之下男性只有44%。B汉译英 【参考译文】Managers who are passionate, attractive and charismatic are rare. So what about most other people like me? You may not learn to be charming, but you can certainly learn to talk about work directly and effectively with the staff. You can learn to talk to employees about work at the right time, in the right way and with the right words.The most effective managers have a special way of talking. They have a special posture, demeanor and intonation. The way they talk is both authoritative and evocative, which will fully express the strict requirements and make people feel the great support of the speaker. It is both disciplined and acceptable. The conversation is different from that with a friend or a boss, but somewhere in between.3. 单选题The manager promised to keep me（ ）of how our business was going on.问题1选项A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。keep sb.informed of sth.意为“让某人了解某事”。句意：经理答应会让我知道我们的生意进展如何。选项C正确。4. 单选题The American Revolution 1775-1783, was a struggle by which the thirteen colonies that were to become the United States won independence from Britain. By the middle of the 18th century, differences in life, thought, and especially economic interests had formed between the colonies and the mother country. The British Government tried to regulate colonial commerce in the British interest, and provoked colonial opposition. The colonists convened the Continental Congress and petitioned the king for redress of their grievances. In 1774 Britain responded with the coercive Intolerable Acts. Fighting erupted on April 9, 1775 at Lexington and Concord. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army and on July 4, 1776. adopted the Declaration of Independence. The colonial victory in the Saratoga Campaign helped forge a French-American alliance, which brought vital aid to the colonists. The surrender. October 1781, of General Cornwallis ended the fighting and the Treaty of Paris (1783) recognized the U.S. as a nation.The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.Americas War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and parliament.1.The American Revolution broke out mainly as a result of conflicts between the thirteen colonies and Britain in（ ）.2.The word coercive in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to （ ）.3.Which of the following elements directly contributed to the victorious conclusion of the American Revolution?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the loyalists who escaped to Canada were （ ）.5.What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?问题1选项A.ideological trendsB.life stylesC.cultural differencesD.economic interests问题2选项A.compelling by forceB.compensating the lossC.coming to terms by negotiationD.reconciling by a compromise问题3选项A.The Lexington Campaign.B.The Continental Congress.C.The Declaration of Independence.D.The French American alliance.问题4选项A.RussianB.FrenchC.BritishD.Australian问题5选项A.The transport of prisoners to Australia.B.The creation of new state governments.C.Events leading up to the American Revolution.D.How Canada and the United States became friends.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到到了18世纪中叶，殖民地和母国之间在生活、思想，尤其是经济利益方面形成了差异（By the middle of the 18th century, differences in life, thought, and especially economic interests had formed between the colonies and the mother country），由此可知，殖民地与母国发生冲突最大的原因是因为经济利益。选项D符合题意。2.词义题。根据Fighting erupted on April 9, 1775 at Lexington Concord，战争爆发是由于母国的武力强制，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到萨拉托大捷帮助建立了法美联盟，为殖民地人民带来了至关重要的援助（The colonial victory in the Saratoga Campaign helped forge a French-American alliance, which brought vital aid to the colonists），因此选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第三段提到加拿大的第一大批讲英语的流入人口来自于成千上万英王的效忠者，这些人从美国逃到了加拿大（One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States），可知这些逃到加拿大的人是英国王室的效忠者，所以选项C符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“接下来的一段最可能讨论什么问题？”最后讲述了政治的颠覆并不像人们想象的那样具有革命性。以一些州为例，战争在很大程度上认可了已经存在的殖民自治，英国官员被地方统治阶级代替。选项B“新的州政府的建立”与最后一段关系密切，符合题意。5. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth the total （ ）for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】句意:通常，一个学生花在住房上的费用应控制在可支配生活费总额的五分之一以内。考查形容词辨析。acceptable 可接受的，令人满意的；available 可获得的，可购得的，有空的；advisable 明智的，可取的；applicable 适用的，可实施的。故B符合句意。6. 单选题（ ） the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure.问题1选项A.Thanks toB.By means ofC.In line withD.With regard to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A项thanks to表示“多亏；幸亏”；B项by means of 表示“凭借，通过”；C项in line with表示“与一致”；D项with regard to表示“关于，至于”。句意：多亏了全球食物的大流动，这些国家已经很多年没有感受过任何人口的压力。故本题正确答案为A项。7. 单选题The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the（ ）.问题1选项A.vainB.vicinityC.courtD.jail【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项vain“徒劳的”，和介词in搭配意为“徒劳无功的”，中间不接定冠词the；B选项vicinity“邻近，附近”；C选项court “法院，球场”；D选项jail“监狱”。句意：警方被提醒逃犯可能就在附近。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题Color and sex are not relevant （ ）whether a person is suitable for the job.问题1选项A.onB.forC.toD.with【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配的介词。be relevant to表示“与相关的”，句意：人种和性别与一个人是否适合工作无关。因此，本题正确答案为C项。9. 单选题Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18th century.The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters（1） natural beauty, the sublime, and representation a trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature.（2）that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more prominent and has begun to（3）the philosophy of nature.Various issues central to the philosophy of art have had a（4）impact（5）the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics.（6）among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and（7）distinction between representation and expression.Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art.Two opposing theoretical positions（8）on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good,（9）the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself.Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics.In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgment.Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought,（10）have followed either of two approaches.In one, criticism is restricted to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art.（11）it is devoted to the articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to（12）a particular way of perceiving it.Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge and inquiry.The concerns of contemporary aesthetics include such（13）problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to culture; the viability of a history of art; the（14）of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in practical（15）in the conduct of everyday affairs.问题1选项A.forB.asC.toD.with问题2选项A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.In问题3选项A.plantB.supplantC.transplantD.replant问题4选项A.markingB.remarkingC.markedD.remarked问题5选项A.onB.forC.inD.to问题6选项A.ForebodingB.ForemostC.ForethoughtfulD.Foregone问题7选项A.atB.forC.toD.on问题8选项A.have broughtB.have been broughtC.have takenD.have been taken问题9选项A.whereasB.whereinC.whereonD.wherefore问题10选项A.artistsB.writersC.criticsD.analysts问题11选项A.In the other mannerB.In the other wayC.In anotherD.In the other问题12选项A.justifyB.justifiedC.justifyingD.having justified问题13选项A.diverseB.dividedC.divineD.dividual问题14选项A.relianceB.reliabilityC.reliefD.relevancy问题15选项A.reasonB.reasonablenessC.reasoningD.reasonability【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:C第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根据原文句意：这一时期的西方哲学家和批评家们把大量的注意力放在了诸如自然美、崇高和表现等问题上。such as意为“诸如，比如”。选项B符合句意。2.考查介词辨析。根据句意：然而，从那时起，艺术哲学变得更加突出.。since意为“自.以后”符合语境，所以选项A正确。3.形近词辨析题。A选项plant“种植，栽培”；B选项supplant“代替，排挤掉”；C选项transplant “移植”；D选项replant“移居”。由关键词“and”前面的内容可知，后面应该是指4.艺术哲学取代自然哲学。选项B正确。5.形近词辨析题。A选项marking“标记的”；B选项remarking“评论”；C选项marked“显著的”；D选项remarked“评论，察觉”。句意：艺术哲学的各种核心问题对20世纪的美学方向产生了显著的影响。选项C符合原文句意。6.考查固定搭配。have an impact on sth.为固定介词搭配，所以选项A正确。7.形近词辨析题。A选项Foreboding“预感的，不祥之兆的”；B选项Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C选项Forethoughtful“深谋远虑的，有先见之明的”；D选项Foregone“过去的，先前的”。根据下一句“Still another far-reaching question.”可知，填空处所填单词应和“far-reaching”相对应。句意：在这些问题中，最重要的是有关艺术作为形式的理论.。选项B更符合原文语境。8.考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知，这里是由and连接的两个并列句，and后面实际上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介词应该填入“to”，选项C正确。9.考查语法时态。根据下文“one holds that.”可推测，填空处应表示：在这个问题上，采取了两种对立的理论立场。由此可排除选A和B；再分析句子可知，这里的主语是“Two opposing theoretical positions”，所以应使用被动语态，选项D符合原文。10.考查逻辑连词。A选项whereas“然而”；B选项wherein“在其中，在何处”；C选项whereon“在那上面”；D选项wherefore“因此”。根据句意：一种立场认为，艺术以及对艺术的欣赏是实现某些公认的道德行为的一种手段， 另一种观点则认为，艺术本身就具有价值，这也是它自身的目的。这是两种相反的观念，所以选项A符合原文语境。11.上下文推断题。根据上文“In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgment. 近年来，人们也越来越专注于把艺术作为批判性判断的主要对象。”根据关键词“critical judgment”以及下文的关键词“criticism”可知，填空处应填入批评家。选项C符合原文。12.上下文推断题。根据上文的“In one”，可知填空处应填入“In the other”，都是省略了approach这个单词，所以选项D正确。考查并列结构。这里是由and连接的两个并列结构，前面句子的谓语动词是“articulating”，所以填空处也应该使用动词的-ing形式。选项C正确，选项D是完成时态，不符合语法结构和语境。13.形近词辨析题。A选项diverse“多种多样的”；B选项divided“分裂的，分开的”；C选项 divine“神圣的，天赐的”；D选项dividual“分开的，独特的”。句意：当代美学关注的问题包括风格的本质及其美学意义等多方面的问题。选项A符合原文句意。14.形近词辨析题。A选项reliance“信赖，信心”；B选项reliability“可靠性”；C选项relief“救济，减轻，解除”；D选项relevancy“关联，恰当”。句意：审美与文化的关系；艺术历史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理学和其他形式的心理学研究与批评的关联性.。选项D更符合语境。15.形近词辨析题。A选项reason“原因”；B选项reasonableness“合理，妥当”；C选项reasoning“推理，论证”；D选项reasonability“合理性”。根据句意：.以及审美判断在日常事务的实践推理中的地位。选项C符合原文语境。10. 单选题I wish （ ）that much money last month.问题1选项A.I had not spentB.did not spentC.would not have spentD.have not spent【答案】A【解析】考察虚拟语气。根据last month可知此处是与过去事实相反的情况，因此wish后面要用过完完成时态。选项A符合题意。句意：我希望我上个月没花这么多钱。11. 单选题When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars? This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day. For example, the ruble maybe worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma associated with converting at 0.72. Some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at 0.69. These “losses” must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs.1.The best title for the passage would be（ ）.2.In France, tardy business people（ ）.3.According to the passage, conversion rates（ ）.4.The intended audience of this passage are（ ）.5.Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the next paragraph?问题1选项A.How to Succeed in International TradeB.Monetaiy ConversionC.Trade BarriersD.Unique Problems in International Trade问题2选项A.are often insultedB.often suffer from coldnessC.are often left outdoors waitingD.are often asked to polish their shoes问题3选项A.are always not changingB.are determined by financial institutionsC.are agreed upon by two trading countriesD.vary from day to day问题4选项A.professors of economicsB.postgraduate students of international tradeC.beginners of businessD.business people问题5选项A.Export trade barriers.B.Quotas and tariffs.C.Reasons for imposing trading barriers.D.Measures to break down trade barriers.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段先指出“当企业从事海外业务时通常都会接触到来着不同文化的人”,后面分别从时间观、货币兑换以及贸易壁垒三个方面举例阐述并给出建议。故A项“如何在国际贸易中获得成功”最适合做文章标题。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词tardy business people定位至第二段: Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness (迟到的外贸业务人员通常会 遭遇长吋间等候，这也是一种让他们知道准吋的重要性的方法)。因此C项 “通常需要在门外等候”正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词conversion rates定位至第三段: This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day (汇率是由支持货币流通的市场情况决定的。因此，尽管汇率每天都会波动， 但也会有一个既定的比率),故选C “每天都会变化”。4.判断推理题。文章主要讨论的是海外贸易过程中可能遇到的因地区差异导致的问题,因此推测文章的目标受众是“商业人士”。5.判断推理题。最后一段讲到了国际贸易中的第三个问题-贸易壁垒,最后一句指出: Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs (两种最主要的进口壁垒就是配额与关税),因此推测下一段将讨论“配额与关税”。12. 单选题If a man（ ）himself and his family of food in order to buy a cat, we could consider him mad.问题1选项A.deprivedB.robbedC.rejectedD.denied【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deprive表示“使丧失，剥夺”，deprive sb. of sth表示“从某人处剥夺某物”；B选项rob表示“抢劫，掠夺；非法剥夺”，rob sb of sth表示“抢劫某人的某物；C选项reject表示“拒绝；排斥；抵制；丢弃”；D选项deny表示“否定，否认；拒绝给予”，deny sb. sth表示“拒绝给予某人某物”。根据句意可知，如果一位男士为了买一只猫使得自己和家人没有食物可吃，那么我们会认为他发疯了。故A项deprive（使丧失，剥夺）最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。13. 单选题We are at a serious disadvantage in （ ） we have nobody properly qualified for the work问题1选项A.thisB.thatC.whichD.whom【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。in that 为固定搭配，意思是“由于，因为”。句意：我们现在处于非常不利的局面，因为我们没有胜任这份工作的人选。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题It is reported that fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, （ ）the same company.问题1选项A.much worseB.let aloneC.all elseD.less likely【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项much worse “更糟糕的是.”；B选项let alone“更不用说，听任，不打扰”；C选项all else“其他所有”；D选项less likely“最不可能的”。句意：据报道，如今越来越少的工人希望自己的职业生涯都在