2022-2023年考博英语-南开大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第47期

2022-2023年考博英语-南开大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （ ） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关系更为亲密。2. 单选题A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northern Railway spokesman, the death（ ）is expected to rise.问题1选项A.tollB.figureC.spanD.yield【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。toll“伤亡人数，代价”；figure“数字，图形”；span“跨度，范围”；yield“产量， 收益”。句意：一辆豪华特快列车在印度东部一座桥上脱轨，造成至少50人当场死亡。据北方铁路发言人表示，死亡人数预计还会上升。death toll表示“死亡人数”，符合句意。所以选项A正确。3. 单选题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the tact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more d matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along. etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitiesthose of love and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is （ ）.2.From die passage we can inter that real happiness of life belongs to those（ ） .3.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should（ ） .4.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ） .问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who prove better than their fellow-competitorsC.who could keep far away from this competitive worldD.who are higher up in their social status问题3选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题4选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第一段“.yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless.”, 由此推断, 作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮, 实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项C符合原文。2.信息推理题。根据第二段的内容可知, 作者认为这些人之所以焦虑是因为处于一个竞争激烈的社会之中, 只有远离了竞争激烈的社会, 才会有真正幸福的生活。所以选项C正确。3.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者建议将官僚主义的工业转变为以人为本的工业主义，使人能充分发挥他的潜力。选项C符合原文。4.态度判断题。根据文章内容可知, 作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用, 最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义, 所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。4. 单选题Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt （ ） but lonely.问题1选项A.nothingB.anythingC.allD.everything【答案】B【解析】不定代词的用法。nothing but只有，只不过；anything but根本不，绝不；all but几乎，差一点儿；没有everything but的用法，排除。句意：他独自一个人在一所废弃的房子里，忙于研究工作，一点儿也不感到孤独。选项B符合句意。5. 写作题Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Your composition should be no less than 200 words.【答案】Why People Are Attracted to Dangerous Sports?6. 单选题Crisis would be the right term to describe the （ ） in many animal species.问题1选项A.minimizationB.restrictionC.descentD.decline【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。minimization最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是危机，表示事态比较严重，所以用衰退来形容许多动物物种最为恰当。选项D正确。7. 单选题The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly （ ） source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.InexhaustibleB.exploitedC.remarkableD.controversial【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexhaustible“取之不尽的，用不完的”;exploited“被开发利用的”;remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”;controversial“有争议的”。句意:该区域热带植物的多样性似乎是取之不尽用之不竭的原料来源，其中只有少数得到利用。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题I recently conducted a survey to see what people thought and knew about Martin Luther King, Jr. I did this by bringing up the subject of MLK Day in casual conversations with people and gauging their reaction. (The sampling was 23 friends, colleagues, and strangers; 10 Black, 9 White, 3 Hispanic, 1 Asian; 4 were between the ages 42 -35 and 19 were 34 -20. ) All knew King as the famous black civil rights leader who was killed, but few knew much more. The majority of people under 30regardless of raceknew little more, in fact.How is it that Jill (black, 27, college educated) did not know that MLK was a Nobel Peace Prize recipient? Or that Tim (white, 31, college educated) was clueless about Kings nonviolent approach to civil rights activism?Darlene (black, 23) thought she should have the day off to sleep in. She had no idea the MLK day is really about doing something to inspire others.What is the point of having a day to mark the man if we do not understand the significance of his life? How is it that not only one of the greatest Americans, but one of the most influential humans in the history of our planet is not better known in this country? Had King been a football player or a musician, he may have registered better with the present generation.Martin Luther King, Jr. was more than just an inspirational black leader. His desire and ability to rise above his own failings and those of fellow humans uplifted us allboth those who were living at the time and those who have come after. Even if we do not know it, our world is a better place because of his light.Dr. Kings life was extinguished more than 30 years ago, but not his light. It is still here for each of us to carry, and to illuminate even brighter with our own unique creativity and contributions.Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15,1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. After graduating from Morehouse College and becoming a minister, he made his way to Montgomery, Alabama in 1954. This was an important decision for it was in the same city that, on December 1 of the following year, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. King was elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and led a boycott of Montgomery buses throughout 1956, which brought him national recognition.Kings legacy of non-violent activism was influenced by the teachings of Jesus and Gandhi. King reinforced and expanded his Biblical convictions during a visit to India in 1959, where he studied Gandhis methods of non-violent protests during the early 1960s.A gifted orator, King ignited the world and a generation in the cause for American civil rights with his “I Have a Dream” speech on Aug 28 1963 to a crowd of 250 000 in Washington, D. C.“We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protests to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force”.“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”.“When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!”Dr. King received the Nobel Peace Prize and was named Time magazines “Person of the Year” in 1964. In his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, he said, “Non-violence is the answer to the crucial political and moral questions of our time: the need for man to overcome oppression and violence without resorting to oppression and violence. Man must evolve for all human conflicts a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love.”King was one of the most extraordinary humans to ever grace our planet. He was a man who met hate and hopeless with love and inspiration. He used non-violence to point out the obscenity of violence.Martin Luther King was gunned down at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis on April 4, 1968. Some call it irony. I choose to think of it as his final lesson to us.1.The Purpose of the author in writing the passage is to （ ） .2.“Had King been a football player or a musician, he may have registered better with the present generation.” (Para. 4) can be best interpreted as “ （ ） ”.3.According to Dr. King, what is the solution to major political and moral problems?4.Which of the following statements about Martin Luther King, Jr. is true?5.The overall tone of the article can be best summarized as （ ） .问题1选项A.condemn the terrorist action of Martin Luther King, Jr.s assassinationB.honor Martin Luther King, Jr. since MLK Day is drawing nearC.criticize the present generations for their ignorance of Dr. KingD.highlight the significance of the beliefs and spirit of Dr. King问题2选项A.King is not remembered by the present generation as a football player or a musicianB.The present generation is ignorant of King who gave his life for the peoples of the worldC.If King had turned to music or sports he would have been more successfulD.It is meaningless to have a day to mark King since he is not famous enough问题3选项A.Non-violence.B.Armed struggle.C.Violent activism.D.Believing in God.问题4选项A.His Nobel Prize acceptance speech was the famous “I Have a Dream” speech.B.He was the first one who adopted a non-violent approach in political struggle.C.He had a firm belief in God, which helped to form his non-violent activism.D.He was named “Person of the Year” because of his “I Have a Dream” speech.问题5选项A.emotionalB.furiousC.indifferentD.matter-of-fact【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合文章内容可知, 本文提到马丁路德金不仅仅是一位伟大的黑人领袖, 更重要的是他的信念和精神一直鼓舞着人们。作者写这篇文章的目的不是为了谴责刺杀马丁路德金的恐怖主义和人们对他的无知，也不仅仅只是为了纪念他，最主要的还是强调其信念和精神的重要性，所以选项D正确。2.推理判断题。这句话的意思是说“如果马丁路德金是一位足球员或者音乐家, 他可能会被现在的人所记住。”潜在的意思就是说, 马丁路德金没有被当代人所记住, 由第三段也可以看出，所以选项B正确。3.事实细节题。根据倒数第三段的第二句“Non-violence is the answer to the crucial political and moral questions of our time.”非暴力是我们这个时代解决政治和道德问题的关键。选项A符合原文。4.细节判断题。本题可采用排除法。“我有一个梦想”不是马丁路德金获得诺贝尔奖发表的演讲，而是在引导美国民权运动时发表的，所以选项A错误；马丁路德金的非暴力行动主义是受耶稣和甘地教义的影响, 由此可知他不是第一人, 所以选项B错误, 选项C表述正确;马丁路德金被评为“年度人物”不是由于他的演讲，而是因为他为人类的和平和发展做出的杰出贡献, 所以选项D也不正确。只有选项C正确。5.态度判断题。结合全文可知，作者只是客观的陈述事实，没有掺杂个人情感色彩。所以选项D正确。9. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in （ ） populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】副词词义辨析。表示人口密集应该用densely，所以选项A正确。10. 单选题The famous inventor was awarded an （ ） doctorate by the university.问题1选项A.honorableB.honoraryC.honoredD.honorific【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。honorable“可敬的, 光荣的”;honorary“荣誉的, 名誉的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大学授予那位著名的发明者荣誉博士学位。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题Difficult as it is, English study is in the long run （ ） to a learner in his or her career development.问题1选项A.rewardingB.advantageousC.profitableD.earning【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。rewarding“有益的, 值得的, 有报酬的”;advantageous“有利的, 有益的”;profitable“有利可图的, 赚钱的”;earning “收入, 所赚的钱”。尽管英语学习很困难, 但从长远来看, 它对于学习者的职业发展来说是值得的。选项A符合语境。12. 单选题You are not allowed to take a second job （ ） your employer gives you permission.问题1选项A.unlessB.so long asC.otherwiseD.whereas【答案】A【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非, 如果不”;so long as“只要”;otherwise“否则, 不然”;whereas“然而, 鉴于, 反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许, 否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。13. 写作题You are to write a composition of no less than 250 words with the title: My View on Terrorist Activities in Some Countries. Do your composition neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】My View on Terrorist Activities in Some Countries14. 单选题Henry looked very much （ ） when he was caught cheating in the biology exam.问题1选项A.discouragedB.embarrassedC.disappointedD.bewildered【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。discouraged“气馁的”;embarrassed“尴尬的”;disappointed“失望的, 沮丧的”, bewildered“困惑的”。句意:当Henry在生物考试中因为作弊被抓时, 他显得非常尴尬。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are（ ）off.问题1选项A.avoidedB.excludedC.separatedD.screened【答案】D【解析】近义词词义辨析。avoid“避免, 躲避”;excluded“排除, 驱逐”;separated“分开, 隔开”;screen “筛, 过滤, 屏蔽”。句意:来自外太空的各种宇宙射线透过大气层到达地球, 但是太阳所发出的大量辐射都被过滤掉了。选项D符合句意。16. 单选题I think you can take a(n) （ ） language course to improve your English.问题1选项A.middleB.intermediateC.mediumD.average【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。middle“中间的，中部的”, 侧重方位;intermediate“中间的，中级的”, 侧重难易的程度;medium“中等的”, 侧重尺寸上的大小;average“平均的，普通的”。句意:我觉得你可以上一门中级语言课程来提高你的英语水平。选项B符合语境。17. 单选题They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to （ ） it because of the rainy weather.问题1选项A.cancelB.eliminateC.delayD.prolong【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消, 撤销”;eliminate“消除, 排除”;delay“延期, 耽搁”;prolong“延长, 拖延”。句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游, 但由于下雨, 最后不得不取消了。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself （ ） to others in many respects.问题1选项A.betterB.worseC.superiorD.inferior【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。19. 单选题An experiment can be（ ） by poor planning.问题1选项A.distributedB.qualifiedC.spoiledD.disclosed【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。distributed分配，分散；qualified限制；spoiled损坏，破坏；disclosed公开，揭露。句意：计划不周会破坏实验。选项C符合句意。20. 单选题A good teacher must know how to （ ） his ideas to the students, as generally agreed by educational experts.问题1选项A.displayB.transmitC.conveyD.illuminate【答案】C【解析】动词词性及搭配。句意：一个好老师必须知道如何把他的想法传达给学生。传达思想，想法等用convey，选项C正确。