2022-2023年考博英语-南开大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第26期

2022-2023年考博英语-南开大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题If you dont want to talk to him, Ill speak to him（ ） .问题1选项A.on your behalfB.on your accountC.for your partD.in your interest【答案】A【解析】名词性短语含义辨析。on ones behalf“为.的利益, 代表”;on ones account“为了某人”;for ones part“就某人来说”;in ones interest“符合某人利益”。句意:如果你不想和他谈, 我就代表你去和他说。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （ ） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，成人礼都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。3. 单选题Henry looked very much （ ） when he was caught cheating in the biology exam.问题1选项A.discouragedB.embarrassedC.disappointedD.bewildered【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。discouraged“气馁的”;embarrassed“尴尬的”;disappointed“失望的, 沮丧的”, bewildered“困惑的”。句意:当Henry在生物考试中因为作弊被抓时, 他显得非常尴尬。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题The failure of electricity put all the computers in the region out of （ ） .问题1选项A.workB.tuneC.gearingD.action【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。out of work失业；out of tune不协调；out of gearing没有这种搭配；out of action损坏，不运转。句意：电力故障使该地区所有的计算机无法工作。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in （ ） with a program agreed with by the Department of the Environment.问题1选项A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。in accordance with为固定搭配，表示“依照，与.一致”。6. 单选题Science and technology actually help to （ ） the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture.问题1选项A.preserveB.prevailC.reserveD.precede【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:科学技术实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。7. 单选题I think you can take a(n) （ ） language course to improve your English.问题1选项A.middleB.intermediateC.mediumD.average【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。middle“中间的，中部的”, 侧重方位;intermediate“中间的，中级的”, 侧重难易的程度;medium“中等的”, 侧重尺寸上的大小;average“平均的，普通的”。句意:我觉得你可以上一门中级语言课程来提高你的英语水平。选项B符合语境。8. 单选题Hotel rooms must be （ ） by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.问题1选项A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。depart“离开，出发”;abandon“放弃，遗弃”;vacate“空出，腾出”;displace“取代，转移”。句意:旅馆的房间必须在中午前空出来，但行李可以交给行李搬运工。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.amiableB.obsoleteC.aggressiveD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。amiable“和蔼可亲的, 亲切的”;obsolete“废弃的, 老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的, 好斗的, 激进的, 有进取心的”;harmonious“和谐的, 和睦的”。句意:国际体育运动应该在各国之间建立友好关系, 但在现在的奥运会组织中, 某种程度上鼓励了激进的爱国主义。选项C符合语境。10. 单选题You are not allowed to take a second job （ ） your employer gives you permission.问题1选项A.unlessB.so long asC.otherwiseD.whereas【答案】A【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非, 如果不”;so long as“只要”;otherwise“否则, 不然”;whereas“然而, 鉴于, 反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许, 否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题Crisis would be the right term to describe the （ ） in many animal species.问题1选项A.minimizationB.restrictionC.descentD.decline【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。minimization最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是危机，表示事态比较严重，所以用衰退来形容许多动物物种最为恰当。选项D正确。12. 单选题We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always（ ） .问题1选项A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD.straight【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexplicable“费解的, 无法说明的”;healthy“健康的, 健全的”;sound“合理的, 可靠的”;straight“笔直的, 正直的”。句意:我们可以依靠William去执行这次任务, 因为他的判断一直都很可靠。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题A good teacher must know how to （ ） his ideas to the students, as generally agreed by educational experts.问题1选项A.displayB.transmitC.conveyD.illuminate【答案】C【解析】动词词性及搭配。句意：一个好老师必须知道如何把他的想法传达给学生。传达思想，想法等用convey，选项C正确。14. 单选题An important property of scientific theory is its ability to （ ） further research and further thinking about a particular topic.问题1选项A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate主张，拥护。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。选项A符合句意。15. 单选题They advised their clients to （ ） with another company.问题1选项A.mergeB.engageC.emergeD.submerge【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。merge with合并，与.联合；engage with交战，与.接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题You shouldnt go to work today, it is raining so hard.（ ）you still have a temperature.问题1选项A.ThereforeB.NeverthelessC.MoreoverD.Despite【答案】C【解析】逻辑关系。根据句意可知，前后构成递进的关系，选项中只有Moreover表示递进，所以选项C正确。17. 单选题The famous inventor was awarded an （ ） doctorate by the university.问题1选项A.honorableB.honoraryC.honoredD.honorific【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。honorable“可敬的, 光荣的”;honorary“荣誉的, 名誉的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大学授予那位著名的发明者荣誉博士学位。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the tact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more d matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along. etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitiesthose of love and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is （ ）.2.From die passage we can inter that real happiness of life belongs to those（ ） .3.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should（ ） .4.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ） .问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who prove better than their fellow-competitorsC.who could keep far away from this competitive worldD.who are higher up in their social status问题3选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题4选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第一段“.yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless.”, 由此推断, 作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮, 实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项C符合原文。2.信息推理题。根据第二段的内容可知, 作者认为这些人之所以焦虑是因为处于一个竞争激烈的社会之中, 只有远离了竞争激烈的社会, 才会有真正幸福的生活。所以选项C正确。3.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者建议将官僚主义的工业转变为以人为本的工业主义，使人能充分发挥他的潜力。选项C符合原文。4.态度判断题。根据文章内容可知, 作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用, 最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义, 所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。19. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in （ ） populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】副词词义辨析。表示人口密集应该用densely，所以选项A正确。20. 单选题In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any countryfrom 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in non-blue-collar jobs.This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force in manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farmingat most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitiveor even to remain “developed.” The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment.This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more is that the United Stales is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of “robotization” or “automation”. This is actually more a change in terminology than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man hours required to produce a motor car by some 80 percent in two or three yearsfar more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we are facing a new sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machinesthat is, by the products of knowledge.1.According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates（ ） .2.American politicians and labor lenders tend to dislike（ ） .3.According to the author, in the coming 25 years, a developed country or industry, in order to remain competitive, ought to（ ） .4.This passage may have been excerpted from（ ） .问题1选项A.the degree to which a countrys production is robotizedB.a reduction in a countrys manufacturing industriesC.a worsening relationship between labor and managementD.the difference between a developed country and a developing country问题2选项A.confusion in manufacturing economyB.an increase in blue-collar work forceC.internal competition in manufacturing productionD.a drop in the blue-collar job opportunities问题3选项A.reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work forceB.preserve blue-collar jobs for international competitionC.accelerate motor-can manufacturing in Henry Fords styleD.solve the problem of unemployment问题4选项A.a magazine about capital investmentB.an article on automationC.a motor-car magazineD.an article on global economy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.信息推理题。根据第四段第三句“One is the acceleration . “robotization” or “automation”.”知识和资本开始加速替代体力劳动。几十年前我们谈论机械化，现在我们谈论“机器人化”或“自动化”。由此可以推断，制造业劳动力的变化说明了一个国家生产的自动化程度。制造业劳动力越少，自动化程度越高，反之亦然。所以选项A正确。2.事实细节题。根据第四段第一句可知，美国政治家和劳动力领袖不喜欢一种结论，即上一段提到的：如果一家公司、一个行业或一个国家在未来25年内不大幅增加制造业产量，同时大幅削减蓝领劳动力，那么它就不可能保持竞争力，甚至不可能保持“发达”。而这必然会导致失业，这是美国政治家和劳动力领袖不希望看到的，所以选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第三段的内容可知，在未来25年内，行业或者国家需要在保证制造业产量的同时削减蓝领劳动力。选项A符合原文。4.主旨推断题。文章主要讲的是随着工业化的发展，机器也就是人类知识的产物将会取代劳动力。所以文章最有可能是关于全球经济的，选项D正确。选项B太片面，文章不仅仅是讲自动化，劳动力应与经济相关，所以不选B。